仁愛初中英語講義九年級被動語態(tài)的講解和練習

1、 被動語態(tài) 一、導入 孩子弄的大人沒脾氣 兒子問老公：張飛他媽姓什么？ 老公：不知道。 兒子：笨，姓吳，無事生非（吳氏生飛）都不知道。 兒子再問：張飛他爸姓什么？ 老公思索半天，猛拍腦門：姓惹，惹事生非！ 兒子狂笑：笨死了！姓張！你不跟你爸姓呀。 二、（1）專題講解 專題1： 被動語態(tài)1、語態(tài)概述 我吃了一個蘋果， 那現(xiàn)在蘋果怎樣了？蘋果被我吃了。正如漢語中的被字句，英語中的“被字句”我們稱之為被動語態(tài)。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。2、 五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)之一： 主+謂+賓 E.g: I eat an apple. Tom plays bask

2、etball. （注:在“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，賓語是動作的承受者。）3、被動語態(tài)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)：be done（過去分詞） 1.主動語態(tài)：主語是動作的執(zhí)行者 e.g.：Many people speak Chinese. 2.被動語態(tài)：主語是動作的承受者 e.g.：Chinese is spoken by many people. 被動語態(tài)變化模式如圖： They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory.4、被動語態(tài)的使用情況：1）、當不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時； Some n

3、ew computers were stolen last night. 一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦 是誰偷的) 2）、沒有必要或不想指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時； The door was opened.（沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者）3)、只需強調(diào)動作的承受者時。 The window was broken by mike.窗戶是邁克打破的。5、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu): be done( 總結(jié)構(gòu)) 時態(tài) 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時dodoesamisare+done一般過去時didwaswere+done現(xiàn)在進行時amisare+doingamisare+being+done過去進行

4、時waswere+doingwaswere+being+done一般將來時will+dowill be +done現(xiàn)在完成時havehas+donehavehas+been+done有情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+do情態(tài)動詞+be+done 6、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)步驟： 1. 判斷時態(tài)：思考這種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。 2 主變賓：主動語態(tài)句子中的賓語變被動語態(tài)句子中的主語（同時賓變主）。 3. 謂動變被動：把謂語動詞變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)（be + done） 4. 主語放by后，主格變賓格：把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by（被）之后，將主格變 為賓格。 e.g.：1、All the people laughed a

5、t him. He was laughed at by all people. 2、He cuts down a tree A tree is cut down by him. 3、I am eating an apple. An apple is being eaten by me. 4、They grow rice in South China. Rice is grown in South China. 5、They will do their homework tomorrow. Their homework will be done by them tomorrow .7、含有情態(tài)動

6、詞的被動語態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來帶to的情態(tài)動詞變成被動語態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。 （歌訣是：情態(tài)動詞變被動，情態(tài)加be，加“過分”。）e.g：1.We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired by us in two days. 2.He must finish this work soon.   This work must be finished by him soon. 3.We should plant trees in spring. Tr

7、ees should be planted by us in spring. 初中階段可用于被動語態(tài)的情態(tài)動詞有：can（be done）能夠被may（be done）可以能被must（be done）必須被need（be done）需要被should（be done）應(yīng)該被 三、漢語中含有“據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉”、“有人說”、“大家說”等時。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.眾所周知 It is well know

8、n that 據(jù)推測說 It is supposed that 三、漢語中含有“據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉”、“有人說”、“大家說”等時。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.眾所周知 It is well known that 據(jù)推測說 It is supposed that 四、漢語中含有“被”、“由”等詞時。例如： Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被Paul叫來的。五、某些句子習慣上用

9、被動語態(tài)。例如： He was born in October，19894、 鞏固練習一、單選：( )1. The flowers _ often. A. must be water  B. must be watered   C. must watered   D. must water( )2. The books may_ for two weeks.    A. be kept    B. be borrowed    C. keep    D.

10、borrow( )3. The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith.  A. can mend  B. can mended   C. can be mend   D. can be mended( )4. Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time. A.have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept ( )5. The pot _ for _ hot water A. used; keep

11、ing B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep( )6. Tea _ in the south of China. A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( )7. The bridges_ two years ago. A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( )8. The bike _ 500 yuan. A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed ( )9.

12、-Kate got her drivers license yesterday. - I think 15-year-olds _ drive. They are not calm enough. A. should be allowed not to B. should allow to C. shouldnt be allowed to D. should be allowed to ( )10. The People's Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949.   A. found   B. was found

13、ed C. is founded   D. was found5、 拓展訓練一、將下列主動句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動句 1. The teacher told him not to waste time on playing computer games. _ 2. The workers are building a new railway between the two cities.  _ 3. They should do it right now. _ 4. They named the boy Johnson. _ 5. The monster let the little

14、girl clean the cave. _ . 6.eople in the town laugh at Mike for his fancy dress. _ 7.We cant do it in one day. _ 8.Young people must take good care of old people _ 當堂過手訓練(快練五分鐘，穩(wěn)準建奇功！)一、單選：( )1. English _ in Canada.           A. speaks   B. are spoken

15、 C. is speaking  D. is spoken( )2. This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings  B. often sang  C. is often sang   D. is often sung( )3. This kind of car _ in Japan.    A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( )4. New computers _ all over the world. 

16、;    A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( )5. Our room must _ clean.      A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( )6. Doctors _ in every part of the world.    A. need        B. are needing C. are needed D. w

17、ill need( )7. His new book_ next month. A will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published( )8. Japanese _ in every country.   A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( )9. These papers _ yet.  A. have not written B. have not been

18、written C. has not written D. has not been written 初中英語不規(guī)則動詞表1.AAA動詞原形過去式過去分詞costkstcostkstcostkst花費cutktcutktcutkt割，切hurth:thurth:thurth:t受傷hithithithithithit打，撞letletletletletlet讓putputputputputput放下readri:dreadri:dreadri:d讀setsetsetsetsetset安排，安置spreadspredspreadspredspreadspred展開，傳播，涂spitspitspi

19、t/spatspitspit/spatspit吐痰,shuttshuttshutt關(guān)上, 閉起,停止營業(yè)2.ABB動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞 beatbi:t beatbi:t beaten'bi:tn 打敗3.ABA動詞原形過去式過去分詞becomebi'kmbecamebi'keimbecomebi'km變comekmcamekeimcomekm來runrnranrænrunrn跑4.ABB（1）在動詞原形后加一個輔音字母d, t或ed構(gòu)成過去式或過去分詞。 動詞原形過去式過去分詞burnb:nburntb:ntburntb:nt燃燒dealdi:

20、ldealtdeltdealtdelt解決dreamdri:mdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdremt做夢hearhiheardh:dheardh:d聽見hang'hæhanged/ hunghhanged/ hung絞死，懸掛learnl:nlearned/learntl:ntlearned/learntl:nt學習light'laitlit/lightedlitlit/lightedlit點燃, 照亮meanmi:nmeantmentmeantment意思provepru:vprovedproven/proved'pru:vn證明

21、, 證實,試驗shineainshone/shinedshone/shinedun, n使照耀，使發(fā)光showushowedshowed/shown'un展示, 給.看smellsmelsmelled/smeltsmeltsmelled/smeltsmelt聞, 嗅speedspi:dspedsped/speededsped/speededsped加速spellspelspelled/speltspeltspelled/speltspelt拼寫wakeweikwaked/wokewukwaked/woken'wukn醒來，叫醒, 激發(fā)（2）把動詞原形的最后一個輔音字母“d”改為

22、“t” 構(gòu)成過去式或過去分詞。 動詞原形過去式過去分詞buildbildbuiltbiltbuiltbilt建筑lendlendlentlentlentlent借給rebuild,ri:'bildrebuilt,ri:'biltrebuilt,ri:'bilt改建, 重建sendsendsentsentsentsent送spendspendspentspentspentspent花費（3）原形ought ought 動詞原形過去式過去分詞bringbribroughtbr:tbroughtbr:t帶來buybaiboughtb:tboughtb:t買fightfaitf

23、oughtf:tfoughtf:t打架thinkikthought:tthought:t思考,想(4) 原形aught aught動詞原形過去式過去分詞catchkætcaughtk:tcaughtk:t捉,抓teachti:ttaughtt:ttaughtt:t教（5）變其中一個元音字母動詞原形過去式過去分詞digdidugddugd掘(土), 挖(洞、溝等)feedfi:dfedfedfedfed喂findfaindfoundfound發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到getetgottgot/gotten'tn得到holdhuldheldheldheldheld擁有，握住，支持leadli:d

24、ledledledled引導, 帶領(lǐng), 領(lǐng)導meetmi:tmetmetmetmet遇見sitsitsatsætsatsæt坐shootu:tshottshott射擊spitspitspit/spatspætspit/spatspæt吐痰,stickstikstuckstkstuckstk插進, 刺入, 粘住,winwinwonwnwonwn贏（6）原形lt/pt/ftlt/pt/ft動詞原形過去式過去分詞feel'fi:lfeltfeltfeltfelt感到keepki:pkeptkeptkeptkept保持leaveli:vleftleftl

25、eftleft離開sleepsli:psleptsleptsleptslept睡覺sweepswi:psweptsweptsweptswept掃(7)其它動詞原形過去式過去分詞layleilaidleidlaidleid下蛋, 放置paypeipaidpeidpaidpeid付sayseisaidsedsaidsed說standstændstoodstudstoodstud站understandunderstood,nd'stændunderstood,nd'stænd明白loselu:zlostlst, l:stlostlst, l:st失去ha

26、vehvhadhæd, hd, dhadhæd, hd, d有makemeikmademeidmademeid制造sellselsoldsuldsoldsuld賣tellteltoldtuldtoldtuld告訴retell,ri:'telretold,ri:'tuldretold,ri:'tuld重講，重復(fù)，復(fù)述5.ABC（1）原形過去式原形+(e)n動詞原形過去式過去分詞blowblublewblu:blown吹drive draiv drovedruvdrivendrivn駕駛drawdr:drewdru:drawndr:n畫畫eati:tat

27、eet,eiteaten'i:tn吃fallf:lFellfelfallen'f:ln落下giveivgaveeivgiven'ivn給growrugrewru:grownrun生長forgivef'ivforgotf'tforgiven原諒, 饒恕knownuknewnju:, nu:known知道m(xù)istakemi'steikmistookmi'stukmistooken弄錯; 誤解,overeat'uv'i:toverate,uv'reitovereaten(使)吃過量provepru:vprovedproven/proved證明,證實, 試驗taketeiktooktuktaken'teikn, 'te