M3U3賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)與主謂一致精講精練

1、M3U3 Back to the past Grammar and Usage 語(yǔ)法精析一、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的概念在英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，接了賓語(yǔ)意義仍不完整，還需要有一個(gè)其它的成分，來補(bǔ)充說明賓語(yǔ)的意義、狀態(tài)等，這個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，簡(jiǎn)稱賓補(bǔ)。 二、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的形式：常見的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有以下形式: 名詞, 形容詞, 副詞, 介詞短語(yǔ), 現(xiàn)在分詞, 過去分詞, 動(dòng)詞不定式。 例如:1. She found him a very clever boy 2. He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting 3. Last

2、Sunday I saw you out with your sister 4. To her surprise, she found herself in a different world. 5. I saw him doing his homework when I passed his window. 6. When he woke up, he found himself covered with a coat. 7. The villagers did not allow them to build a factory there. 三常見的幾種賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：1. 名詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)He

3、makes it a rule to exercise every day.People call the place the Golden Triangle. We elected him president of the country. 注意：當(dāng)名詞表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的職務(wù)、頭銜時(shí)，作賓補(bǔ)的名詞前通常不用冠詞。2. 不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)1)常接帶to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：ask/ advise / allow / permit/ forbid/ force / expect / want / wish / cause / warn / tell / order / would like / rem

4、ind sb (not )to do等。 Our school forbids students to smoke. Please tell him not to come late.2) 常接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：hear/ listen to / see / notice / watch / look at /observe/ feel/let / make / have etc等。 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day in the past.注意：改為被動(dòng)時(shí)，要加to，let 和have不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Though he h

5、ad often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by her. 3. 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：keep / find / leave / hear / see / smell / watch / get / send等。Dont leave the water running when you brush your teeth.Polly found herself staring up at a man with his hand resting on her arm.注意：感官動(dòng)詞

6、用動(dòng)詞原形作賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作的全過程，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。We often hear Alice sing the ABC song.The missing boy was last seen playing near the river. 4. 過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間存在著邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，能接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見的有：get/ have /leave/ make / hear / see / watch / notice等。I had my hair cut last Sunday.The speaker raised his voice but stil

7、l couldnt make himself heard.He left the door unlocked when he was away.注意：不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，只表示賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)作已完成，不表示被動(dòng)的意思。She found her wallet gone.5. 介詞with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) It is not good manners to speak with your mouth full. The city looks more beautiful with all the lights on. The woman with a baby on her back lives

8、 downstairs. With so much work to do, we cant kill any time by playing cards. With a boy leading the way, they started towards the village. With the problems settled, we all felt very happy.He died with his daughter a schoolgirl.6. 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中常見的結(jié)構(gòu)1) have sth done 使(讓)某事被.； 遭受have sb/sth doing 使(讓)某人/物持續(xù)

9、做某事 have sb do sth 使(讓)某人做某事 1. I wont have you _(stand) the whole day. 2. Ill have the gardener _ (plant) some trees. 3. Who would you rather have_ (post) the letter for you? 4. He had his house _(paint) last month. 5. - Im going to shanghai for holiday. - Do you have anything _(take) to your son?2

10、) make sb +n. 使某人成為. make sb do sth 使某人做某事 make sb/sth done 使某物被.1. We made him _(captain) of our football team.2. He couldnt make himself _ (hear) above the noise of the traffic.3. What makes the grass_(grow)?4. The boy was make _(work) twelve hours a day.3) leave sb doing sth 讓某人一直做某事 leave sth do

11、ne 留下. 被. catch sb doing sth 逮到某人正在做. find sb doing sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做. find sth done 發(fā)現(xiàn).被做. get/set sb doing 使某人做1. Dont leave the water_(run) when you brush your teeth.2. Polly found herself _ (stare) up at a man with his hand resting on her arm.3. He left the door _ (unlock) when he was away.4) find/thi

12、nk/consider/make/feel + it +adj./n.+that/to do主謂一致(subject-verb agreement)一、名詞作主語(yǔ)1. 某些集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)每個(gè)成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類集體名詞常見的有：family, class, committee, crowd, government, group, team. 表示復(fù)數(shù)概念的集體名詞有cattle，people，police, public。His family is very large. His family are music lovers.

13、2. 單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，按意義一致的原則。作單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，反之，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有：sheep, fish, deer, means(方法), Chinese, Japanese等。Every possible means has been tried out. All possible means have been tried out.3. 表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、體積、重量、面積、數(shù)字等詞語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 4. 如果主語(yǔ)有m

14、ore than one或many a構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是表示復(fù)數(shù)，但它的謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞仍然用單數(shù)形式。More than one comrade has asked to stay. Many a passenger was killed in the accident.5. 由every, each, many a, no等限定的單個(gè)主語(yǔ)由and連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)，后一個(gè)限定詞可省略。Every man and (every) woman is at work. 6. 表示成雙成套的名詞，（如chopsticks (筷子), compasses, clothes, glasses, j

15、eans, scissors, shoes, socks, trousers等，）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但如與a kind of, a pair of, the pair of, a series of 連用，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。The trousers are in the drawer. The pair of shoes is rather expensive. 7. 由kind, form, type, sort, species, series of等修飾的主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)形式取決于這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而不是它們后面所跟的名詞。This new type of buses

16、 is on show.比較: Buses of this kind are now on show.8. one, every one , each one , each , any one, either , neither of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Neither side of the team is willing to give in.如果名詞詞組的中心詞是all, most, some, neither, none等詞，所指是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之用單數(shù)。 The rest of the students are watering trees. The rest

17、 of the wine has gone bad. None of the money has been spent on repairs. None of the books have/has been placed on the selves.None has/have arrived. 沒有人來。9. 表示國(guó)家、機(jī)構(gòu)、事件、作品等名稱的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore .The United States is leadin

18、g the world in science and technology .10. 一些學(xué)科名詞是以 ics 結(jié)尾，（如mathematics, politics, physics）形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)際為單數(shù)的名詞。 I think physics is easy to study.11. 表示群島, 山脈, 瀑布, 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)等專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 12. the +adj 表示一類人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The rich are not always happy.二、由連接詞連接的名

19、詞作主語(yǔ). and或bothand連接并列主語(yǔ)，表示不同概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。The German and the English language have something in common. 但并列結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)表示整體概念時(shí)，即指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒有冠詞修飾。War and peace is a constant theme in history. Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.英語(yǔ)中并列結(jié)構(gòu)表示整體概念的有：相關(guān)名詞并列表示整體概念iron and steel 鋼

20、鐵 law and order 治安 bread and butter黃油面包 coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡 soda and water汽水 salt and water鹽開水配套事物a watch and chain 一塊帶鏈的表 a needle and thread針線 A knife and fork is needed for a western meal.The cart and horse(馬車) is coming.表示兼職或有多個(gè)稱呼的人The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting.兩個(gè)完全重合的概念并列T

21、o love and to be loved is the greatest happiness of all.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.2. 由or, not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor, notbut 連接的并列主語(yǔ)，通常根據(jù)就近原則，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和與它鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Either you or I am mad.Neither you nor he is right.Not only he but also his family are friendly

22、.3. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有as well as, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, more than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)按主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。Your father as well as you is very kind to me.You, rather than your teacher, are responsible for your studies.三、分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語(yǔ)1. “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)of名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)

23、及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, half of, ”構(gòu)成的短 語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。 More than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water. One third of the students are girls in our group. 注意：a large quantity of 后加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)一般由后面的名詞來決定，而(large) quantities of后加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

24、詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。 A large quantity of time is needed. A large quantity of people are needed here. Large quantities of food are needed in the village.2. a great deal of / a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，但large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 A great deal of rice was taken from the country to the city

25、 by railway. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.3. a number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)： the number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 A number of students are going for a picnic this weekend. The number of days in February this year is 28. 4. one and a half后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但該短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。a/an+n+and a half作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

26、詞用單數(shù)。 One and a half bananas has been eaten by the child. An hour and a half is enough.四、動(dòng)名詞、不定式短語(yǔ)和從句作主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞、不定式短語(yǔ)和從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Smoking is bad for health. When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet. what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 What we need is more time. What we need are

27、 good teachers.五、其它1) 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中主謂一致 Between the two windows hangs a picture.2) 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中主謂一致 It is Mike who always helps me study English after class.趁熱打鐵一、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)練習(xí)1. Ill go to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to your father?A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. being taken 2. The salesman scolded the

28、 girl caught and let her off. A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing3. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had went wrong again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired 4. The students expected to be more reviewing classes before the fi

29、nal exams. A. there B. it C. that D. one 5. When he returned years later, he found his hometown completely. A. to change B. changed C. changing D. change 6. Peter wanted his TV , but his wife would rather have it . A. fixed, thrown B. to be fixed, be thrown C. fixed, throwing D. fixing, throwing 7.

30、With leaves in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. A. falling, burying B. fallen, buried C. fallen, burying D. falling, buried 8. The doctor asked him not to leave his wound .A. expose B. exposed C. to expose D. exposing9. Bill suggested a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai

31、 Expo during the vacation.A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold10. the room, the nurse found the tape recorder_.A. Entering; stealingB. Entering; gone C. To have entered; being stolen D. Having entered; to be stolen11. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him

32、.A. not to B. not to do C. not do D. do not to12. Who do you think youd like with you, a boy or a girl?A. to have go B. to have to go C. to have gone D. having to go13. Anyone bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.A. seen carry B. seen carrying C. seeing to carry D. seeing carrying14.

33、The accident is said by the thick darkness and the snow on the road. A. to be causing B. to have been caused C. being caused D. to be caused15. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out16. Though he had often

34、 made his little sister , today he was made by his little sister.A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry17. They would not allow him across the enemy line.A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going18. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the

35、 audience on benches, chairs or boxes.A. having seated B. seated C. seating D. having been seated19. You had better get a doctor your bad tooth.A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out20. He managed to make himself with his English.A. understand; breaking B. understand; broken C. unde

36、rstood; breaking D. understood; broken21. The girl is still fast asleep, with her head deep in arms.A. bury B. to bury C. buried D. burying22. She wondered who forgot to leave the fresh fruits and vegetables . A. cover B. covering C. to be covered D. covered23. Finally they reached an agreement, wit

37、h .A. every concerned student B. every student was concernedC. every student concerned D. all the concerned students24. The flu is believed by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have been caused 25. Who did t

38、he boss _ his car this time? A. make wash B. make to wash C. make washing D. making to wash 二、主謂一致練習(xí)1. Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. have D. has2. One third of the country covered with trees and the majority of the citizens black peop

39、le.A. is；are B. is；is C. are；are D. are；is3. John as well as the other staff members who working with this world-famous company to attend its 100th anniversary.A. is；is B. is；are C. are；is D. are；are4. Such poets as Shakespeare widely read，of whose works，however，some difficult to understand A. are；i

40、s B. is；is C. are；are D. is：are5. The population of the city from less than half a million in 1949 to over two million. A. have increased B. has improvedC. have improved D. has increased6While a huge amount of money been spent stopping pollution，large quantities of water _ still heavily polluted.A.

41、have；is B. has；areC. have；are D. has；has7. An average of about 100 emails a week received. Such the case with Martin at present.A. are; are B. is; is C. is; are D, are; is8. So far as I know, more than one person connected with the accident.A. is B. has C. are D. have9. The number of people in the w

42、orld about 6 billion and large quantities of waste _ each year.A. totals; has been produced B. totals; is producedC. totals; are produced D. total; are being produced10What the remote areas need most education to children and what the children need good textbooks at the moment.A. was; were B. are; i

43、s C. is; are D. were; was11. Hey! Here is a message on my cell phone, telling me to send money to. . Delete it! Its a trick. Many a person by such tricks. A. has been cheated B. have been cheated C. were cheated D. was cheated12. We each strong points and each of us, on the other hand, _ weak points. A. have; has B. have; have C. has; have D. has; has13. Peter as well as the other children who no parents good care of in the village. A. have; is being taken B. has; have been taken C. have; has taken D. has; is t