初中語法訓(xùn)練之名詞(含練習(xí)題及答案)

1、1初中語法之名詞掌握要點(diǎn)：名詞的分類（專有名詞和普通名詞） 名詞的數(shù)1）區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，區(qū)分方法2）可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化，分為規(guī)則變化及不規(guī)則變化 名詞所有格 含義、構(gòu)成 兩種形式：S有格及of所有格 知識(shí)點(diǎn)：一、名詞的分類1. 專有名詞：名字（人名、地名、書名、機(jī)構(gòu)名卜與國家有關(guān)的（國家、國民、語言 卜日期（節(jié)日、星期、月份）例句：My name is Lucy. I am a Chinese. I will go to the Great Wall on Monday .2. 普通名詞：包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞.-個(gè)體名詞 表示個(gè)體的人或事物例：sister、table、bike、

2、window可數(shù)名詞-集體名詞 表示一群人或一些事物例:family、police、class、group不可數(shù)名詞-物質(zhì)名詞一抽象名詞表示構(gòu)成物體的物質(zhì)或材料例:water、air、wood表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、行為、感情等例：dan ger、in terest區(qū)分方法：將物體分成兩半，如果每半不能叫原名，則為可數(shù)名詞，如果還可叫原名，則為不可數(shù)名詞。注：有些單詞意義發(fā)生變化，單復(fù)數(shù)也發(fā)生變化，例：glass作玻璃杯時(shí)可數(shù)，作玻璃時(shí)不可數(shù)。身兼二職的名詞對(duì)照表glassfishchickentime可數(shù)玻璃杯魚類小雞次、倍不可數(shù)玻璃魚肉雞肉時(shí)間orangelightpaperhair可數(shù)橘子電燈報(bào)

3、紙/試卷（幾根）頭發(fā)不可數(shù)橘汁光紙頭發(fā)exerciseidealifework可數(shù)練習(xí)題主意/意見生命著作不可數(shù)鍛煉了解生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可數(shù)火雞收音機(jī)青年人經(jīng)歷不可數(shù)火雞肉無線電年輕、青春經(jīng)驗(yàn)interestroom可數(shù)愛好房間不可數(shù)興趣空間、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式（1）規(guī)則變化：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成，通常是在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es1、 一般情況在詞尾直接加s ,例bags。2、 以 s、x、sh、ch 結(jié)尾的詞力口 -es,例 bus-buses box-boxes。3、 以 輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，y變成i加-es例city-cities ;以 元音字母

4、+y"結(jié)尾的詞，直接加 s。4、 以o結(jié)尾的除potato（馬鈴薯）、tomato（西紅柿）、hero（英雄）加es，其余直接加 s。5、以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變 f或fe為v加es, roof、proof直接加-s,例 life-lives wife-wives roof -roofs。（2）不規(guī)則變化1、單詞拼寫發(fā)生變化 man-men woman-women policeman-policemen foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice child-childre n（3）不可數(shù)名詞一般只用單數(shù)，它不能與例：a cup of coffee（ 一杯咖啡

5、）three pieces of paper（三張紙）2、 某國人變復(fù)數(shù)，口訣：中日不變英法變，其余 s加后面例：an En glishma n-En glishme nan America n-America ns3、單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同常用分以下幾類：表示動(dòng)物的名詞deer 鹿，fish 魚，sheep 綿羊，bison 野牛，crab 螃蟹表示人的名詞Chinese 中國人，Japanese日本人，Swiss瑞士人，kin 親 屬craft及由-craft構(gòu)成的名詞craft 飛機(jī)， aircraft 飛機(jī)， spacecraft 太空船表示數(shù)量的名詞Hundred 百，thousand 千，

6、million 百萬，dozen 打， score 二十其他series 系歹U; species 種類； means 方法a/an及數(shù)次搭配使用。表示數(shù)量時(shí)用量詞搭配。two glasses of milk（兩杯牛奶）four bottles of water（四杯水）三、名詞所有格含義：名詞所有格表示名詞之間的所有關(guān)系。表示形式：一種是所有格，一種是of所有格Beijing is China ' s capeaing is the captital of China.This is Tom ' s biThis is the bike of Tom.Lily is the

7、key ' s owner.= Lily is the ofthr key.1、 所有格構(gòu)成單數(shù)名詞及不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只需在詞尾加如Lucy 'pen路西的鋼筆Children ' s Day （兒童節(jié)）；以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加，如the students' b學(xué)生們的書。2、 幾個(gè)人共有的東西，只需在最后一個(gè)人的名詞后加，s如Lucy and Lily ' s bedr露西和莉莉的臥室）。表示各自所有，則每個(gè)名詞都加，s如Lucy' s and Lily ' s d露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子 ）。典型例題講解1. They got

8、muchfrom those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. n ewsD. stories解析：much是用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞的，A B D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均是可是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，C項(xiàng)為不可數(shù)名詞，因此選C.2. I have twoand three bottles ofhere.A. orange, orangeB. oranges, orangesC. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges解析 : orange 有兩種含義 , 一種可數(shù)名詞橘子 , 另一種是不可數(shù)名詞橘汁 , 此題第一空應(yīng)填可數(shù)名詞 , 第二 空填不可數(shù)名詞 , 因

9、此選 C。3. Every evening M r. King takes a to his home .A. 25 minutes ' walk B. 25 minute ' s walkC. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk解析：句中的minute應(yīng)該用其復(fù)數(shù)的所有格形式，只+'，而不能+s,因此選A。4. An old wants to see you.A. peopleB. person C. the people D. the person解析 ： person 與 people 都有”人” 的意思 , 但用法不同 . “一個(gè)

10、人”用“a person” ,“兩個(gè)人” 用 “two persons”; people 泛指 “人們”是集合名詞 ,表示復(fù)數(shù) , the people 指 “人民”, a people 指 “一個(gè)民族” . 應(yīng)選 B。5. Help yourself to A. chickens and applesB. chickens and apple5C. chicken and apple 解析 ： chicken 可用作可數(shù)名詞指小雞D. chicken and apples;apple 為可數(shù)名詞,用作不可數(shù)名詞指雞肉 ,根據(jù)詞題意應(yīng)理解為雞肉故應(yīng) +s, 因此選 D。6. Oh, dear.

11、 I forgot the two .A. room ' s number B. rooms ' number C. room numbersD. rooms ' numbers解析： room number 房間號(hào)碼 . room 可直接用作定語修飾后面的名詞 . 類似的還有 my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等 . 應(yīng)選 C。7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second .A. familyB. house C. homeD. roo

12、m解析：family指的是家庭或是家庭成員；house指的是房子（住所）;room指的是房間；而home指的是家,因 此選 C.8. mothers couldnA. Mary and Peter' sC. Mary ' s and Peter' t go to the mbeeectainugs,e they have gone to Shanghai . B. Mary and PeterD. Mary ' s and Peter 's解析：此句中 “mothers”是復(fù)數(shù),表示兩個(gè)人各自的母親，因此應(yīng)選D。9. Li Lei has been to

13、 m a n y times this month.A. her uncl e B. her uncle ' sC. her unclesD. aunt ' s解析 ： 此句意為 “李雷這個(gè)去她舅舅家多次” . 表示具體場(chǎng)所時(shí) , 可省去所有格后面的名詞 . 因此選 B。10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn' t in teaching.A. many experiencesB. much experienceC. an experienceD. a lot experience解析 ： experience 作 “經(jīng)驗(yàn)

14、” 講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞 , 作 “經(jīng)歷” 講時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞 . 本句中應(yīng)理解為 “經(jīng)驗(yàn)” 因此是不可數(shù)名詞 ,排除 A C. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句 , 不用于否定句 , 因此選 B。11. A classmate of was here ten minutes ago.A. youB. yourC. your sisterD. your sister 's解析 ： 此題考查名詞的雙重所有格.應(yīng)選 D。12. A group of are talking with two .A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germa

15、ns ,FrenchmansC. Frenchmans , GermenD. Germen , Frenchmen解析 : Frenchman 是復(fù)合詞 ,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為 Frenchmen; German 的復(fù)數(shù)為直接在單詞末尾 +S, 應(yīng)選 A.13.The teamA. is B. are 解析 : team 是一個(gè)集合名詞 后者 , 因此選 B。having a meeting .C. am,即可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義D. be（指整個(gè)小組 ） , 也可指小組中的成員 （表示復(fù)數(shù) ）, 此題意為714. “ Would you like _A. drink, Three coffeesA.eart

16、h and stone, millions ofC. the earth and stone, million of 解析： earth 是不可數(shù)名詞，因此刪除 因此選 A。B. earths and stones, millionsD. the earths and stones, millionsB D,數(shù)以百萬的應(yīng)為millio ns of.« ?, please. ”B. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffeeD. a drink, Three cups of coffees解析 : drink 和 coffee 是不可數(shù)名詞

17、, 可以用, of 來表示數(shù)量 , eg, three cups of coffee, 當(dāng)前面加 a 時(shí),則表示 “一杯”因此選 C。15. The Great Wall was made not only by , but also the flesh and blood of men.名詞練習(xí)題1. This is _ reading-room.A. the teacher'Bs. teacher'Cs. teacher 'Ds. the teachers '2. Nothing was found but _ broken.A. the room wind

18、ow B. the room 's window C. the room of the windowD. the window of room3. How many_ would you like?A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papersD. pieces of bread4. He was praised for his _.A. brave B. bravery C. bravely D. great brave5. Please get me a new _ when you go to town.A. clothes B. dress C. c

19、lothing D. trousers6. There are 34_ doctors in the hospital.A. woman B. women C. woman 's D. women 's7. Some_ are even thinner than your little finger.A. bamboo B. bamboos C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos8. He was born in this town and now he lives in _.A. Building second B. Building T

20、wo C. the Building Two D. Building the Second9. Old as he is, he has _to do every day.A. a lot of workB. much worksC. lots of homeworksD. quite a lot of homeworks10. Jack 's room is furnished with _.A. new furnituresB. many new furnituresC. many new pieces of furnitures D. many new pieces of fur

21、niture11. Have you read _newspaper yet?A. today 's B. Today 'sC. the today 'sD. your today's12. It 's noatr,f only _walk from here to our school. A. a ten minutesB. ten minutesC. a ten minutes ' D. ten minutes '13. Last month, he wrote me _letter.A. a 1000-wordB. 1000 wor

22、dsC. a 1000-words D. 1000 words '14. He had a _sleep yesterday.A. a good nightB. a good-nightC. a good night 'sD. good -night 's15. _is not a long way to drive.A. Three miles distanceB. Three-mile distanceC. Three miles ' distanceD. A three-mile-distance16. His isn 't fit for the

23、 work. Please get me _. A. something else B. somebody elseC. someone else 's D. somebody 's else17. Do you know how large _ is?A. population of China B. Chinese populationC. China population D. China 's population18. _ is too much for the boy to carry.A. The box weightB. The box 's w

24、eightC. The weight of the boxD. The box of the weight19. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest _ shop?A. shoes B. shoeC. shoes 'D. shoe 's20. What _weather we 're having these days!A. niceB. a niceC. a bad21.They say that the meeting will be _.A. of very importantB. great importanceC.

25、of great importanceD. great important22. I 'm going to call at _ this evening.A. Mr BlackB. the BlacksC. Mr Black 'sD. Blacks '23. What Darwin said was an attack on peopleA. beliefB. beliefsC. beliefsD. believs24. There are some _waiting for you outside.A. GermanB. AmericanD. worses reli

26、gious _8#C. grown-up D. JapaneseTheir factory has developed a kind of _ to help people walk.#A. machineB. machinesC. a machineD. the machine25. There ' re many _ in my brother' s album.A. leafsB. toysC. booksD. stamps26. Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of _.A. tomatoesB

27、. potatosC. vegetableD. meats27. Upon hearing what I said, his _ rose.A. angerB. angryC. angrilyD. angriness28. Excuse me, can you change this _ for me?A. five-pound noteB. five pounds noteC. five-pound notesD. five pounds notes29. You have to make _ for your journeyA. preparingB. preparationC. a preparationD. preparations30. While washing up, she broke a _.A. glass wineB. wine glassC. glass of wineD. wine of glass31. You have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _.A. fallB. reality C. practice D. deed32