高考英語專題之祈使句的直接引語變間接引語

1、.高考英語專題之祈使句的直接引語變間接引語一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容祈使句的直接引語變間接引語二、知識(shí)精講一觀察以下句子，試著總結(jié)、考慮祈使句的直接引語變間接引語的規(guī)律。1. “Make sure the door is shut, she said to her little son.She told her little son to make sure the door was shut.2. “Dont smoke in the room, he said to me.He told me not to smoke in the room.3. Mrs. Hill said, “ please si

2、ng at our party, Mary.Mrs. Hill asked Mary to sing at their party.4. He said to the girl, “Do it at once.He told the girl to do it at once.總結(jié)：祈使句的直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語的規(guī)律1. 一改：主句謂語動(dòng)詞 直接引語為祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞said/said to常改成ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。2. 二變：呼語變賓語3. 三加：動(dòng)詞前加to4. 四去：please二祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語后，就成了以

3、不定式短語形式出現(xiàn)的賓語補(bǔ)足語，其構(gòu)造通常為：ask/ advise/ tell/warn/order/ request sb. not to do sth.例：He said，“Be seated, please. He asked us to be seated.She said to me, “Dont smoke in the classroom.She told me not to smoke in the classroom.即學(xué)即用：Mary asked me _ to answer that letter.A. dont forget B. not forget C. not

4、to forget D. not forgetting答案：C 注意：1. 有些含有“建議、“勸告的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)述。例：He said, “Lets have a rest. He suggested our having a rest. He suggested we have a rest.He said, “Let me help you. He offered to help me.2. 直接引語是感慨句時(shí)，變間接引語可用what或how引導(dǎo)，語序不變；也可用that引導(dǎo)，語序變?yōu)橘e語從句語序。例：She said, “What a

5、lovely day it is!She said what a lovely day it was. She said that it was a lovely day. 三我們總結(jié)回憶一下直接引語變間接引語各種句型的轉(zhuǎn)換。1. 陳述句 SV that 從句 2. 一般疑問句或選擇疑問句SV if/ whether從句3. 特殊疑問句SV wh 從句4. 祈使句SV/ ordered/told/ askedsb.not to do5. 感慨句SV how/what /that從句四直接引語變間接引語高考熱點(diǎn)： 賓語從句賓語從句三要素，引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時(shí)態(tài)。1. 引導(dǎo)詞分為三種情況，陳述句中的t

6、hat可省略，一般問句要用if或whether，碰到特殊疑問句時(shí)，疑問詞用來擔(dān)此任。例：He said that Lesson 82 was important and that he should learn it well. 他說第82課重要，他應(yīng)學(xué)好它。 注意：第一個(gè)that可以省，第二個(gè)that不能省。2. 語序總體為陳述語序，疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句作主語，語序不必去改變。例：He was not satisfied with what I said. 他對(duì)我說的話不滿意。He asked me what was the trouble with my car.他問我我的車出什么故障了。3.

7、 從句時(shí)態(tài)主句定，假如主句為過去，從句相應(yīng)作改變，客觀真理仍如今。例：He said he would come if he had time. 他說有時(shí)間他會(huì)來。 The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below zero.老師告訴學(xué)生水在零度以下會(huì)結(jié)成冰。即學(xué)即用：1. He asked _ for the violin.A. did I pay how muchB. I paid how muchC. how much did I payD. how much I paid2

8、. The driver said that he _ pick _ a passenger at west street.A. ill, upB. would, up C. will, out D. would, out3. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.A. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did rise答案：DBB【典型例題】1. Do you know if

9、_back next week ? If he _ back , please let me know .A. he comes , will come B. will he come , comes C. he will come , comes D. he will come , will come 2. The manager came to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what was the wrong D. the matter was what3. Did you say_?A. that wha

10、t he said was true B. that it was true that he saidC. what did he say was trueD. what he said it was true4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not?A. if B. where C. whether D. that 5. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _.A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it

11、 D. who it is 答案：CAACD 本單元重點(diǎn)單詞、短語、句型補(bǔ)充一重點(diǎn)單詞1. actually adv.實(shí)際上,事實(shí)上 actual adj.真實(shí)的,實(shí)在的,實(shí)際的例：Actually, I am busy at the moment, can I phone you back?說實(shí)在的,我如今正忙著，我給你回 行嗎?The actual cost was much higher than we had expected.實(shí)際本錢比我們意料的高得多。知識(shí)拓展：actually = in fact = as a matter of fact即學(xué)即用：He spoke about t

12、he country as if he had been there, but he had never.A. fairly B. always C. actually D. only答案：C2. gradually adv. 逐漸地，逐步地 gradual adj. 逐漸的，逐步的例：Things gradually improved.情況已逐漸改善。There is a gradual increase in the number of people who have private cars.擁有私家車的人的數(shù)量正在逐漸增加。知識(shí)拓展：gradually = step by step =

13、 little by little二重點(diǎn)短語India has a very large number of fluent English speakers印度有眾多講英語很流利的人The number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.在中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)英語的人的數(shù)量正迅速增加。 a number of 許多，大量 后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，此短語加復(fù)數(shù)名詞在句中作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。A number of teachers are on leave.大批的老師在休假。注意：a number of短語中，number常用gre

14、at/ large/ small 來修飾，表示數(shù)量的多少。常構(gòu)成的短語有：a great/ large number of 許多，大量 a small number of 少量the number of “的數(shù)目，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The number of undergraduates has increased over the years.大學(xué)生的數(shù)量正逐年增加。即學(xué)即用：The number of people invited _ sixty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. was;

15、 was B. was; were C. were; were D. were; was答案：B三重點(diǎn)句型1. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.believe it or not 信不信由你例：Believe it or not，we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.信不信由你，我們冒雨一直等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。no such thing = not such a thing 例：There is no such person as you describ

16、e here.這里沒有你說的這樣的人。即學(xué)即用：Its so nice to hear from her. _, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. Whats more B. That is to say C. In other words D. Believe it or notAs I know, there is _ car in this place.A. no such B. no a C. nor such D. no such a 答案：DA2. However, on TV and the radio you will hear

17、 differences in the way people speak.however adv. 然而，不過； 無論如何，不管多么例：Certainly he apologized to me. However, I wont forgive him.當(dāng)然他向我抱歉了。不過，我不會(huì)原諒他的。注意：however 作“無論如何，不管多么講時(shí)，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于no matter how句式：however + adj./adv./+ 主語+謂語。例：He will never succeed however hard he tries.= He will never succeed no

18、 matter how hard he tries.無論他怎樣努力都不會(huì)獲得成功。辨析：however與but 表轉(zhuǎn)折however 可置于句中、句首或句末，且多用逗號(hào)與其他句子成分隔開。He likes singing English songs. He cant sing well, however.他喜歡唱英文歌，不過唱得不好。She felt ill. She went to work, however, and tried to concentrate.她病了，然而她照舊去上班，并且盡力集中精神工作。but“但是，然而，是對(duì)等連接詞，即連接幾個(gè)并列成分，轉(zhuǎn)折意味較強(qiáng),通常位于句中，且

19、中間無逗號(hào)與其他句子成分隔開。例：Id love to go to the theater tonight, but I am too busy.我倒是很想今晚去看戲的， 不過我太忙了。即學(xué)即用： He agreed with me. Later, _, he changed his mind.A. but B. however C. though D. while You should try to get a good nights sleep much work you have to do. A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever

20、 答案：BAin the way people speak.people speak是way的定語從句。領(lǐng)先行詞是way表方法，方式且關(guān)系詞在從句中作方式狀語時(shí)，可用that, in which 或不用關(guān)系詞來引導(dǎo)定語從句。例：You can see the way his mind works when you read his books.看他寫的書就能理解他的思想方法。即學(xué)即用：I dont like the way _ you speak to your teacher.A. which B. what C. that D. how答案：C其他重要的短語:one another 彼此，

21、互相official language 官方語言communicate with 與通消息，交流來源:the English language 英語the latter 后者only time can tell 只有時(shí)間能證明all over the world 全世界【典型例題】1. More than one person _ made the same mistake.A. have B. has C. is D. are2. In my opinion, its the best use that could be _ the space.A. made up B. made in C

22、. made of D. made from3. Was the teacher strict?Yes. He requested that we _ television on week nights.A. must not watch B. didnt watch C. not watch D. couldnt watch4. His hard work has _ his success.A. been due to B. resulted in C. affected D. resulted from5. Have you really realized the part computer has _ in the daily life?A. made B. given C. caused D. played6. Li Ming speaks very good English _ he were an English boy.A. so that B. even though C. as though D. now that 7. _, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week. A. However the story is amusing B. No matter amusing