上海牛津英語8A總復習(配練習)

1、 教學目標：8A詞匯梳理，重點語法復習，課文重點講解教學重點：重點句型的運用教學難點：被動語態(tài)教學過程：1、詞匯（快速過）2、課文重點句型（詳解）3、被動語態(tài)講解4、家庭作業(yè)8A總復習Chaper 1A letter from a pen-friend 一封筆友的來信一 單詞（略）Phrases1. at the end 在的末端2. be keen on 熱心于做 熱衷于3. play chess 下象棋4. twelve years old 5. a boy called Tom 一個名叫Tom 的男孩 a boy named Tom a boy with the name Tom 6.

2、best wishes 最好的祝愿7. by +交通工具 = take +a/an +交通工具8. tell sb. about sth. 告訴某人關于某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事 tell sb. not to do sth. 告訴某人別做某事9. enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事 like doing sth. mind /practice/finish/10. speak /tell /say/talk say 說 述說 speak 說話發(fā)言 電話來時用speaking talk 說 談話 of/about tell 告訴 講述 Sentenc

3、e1. make it +adj. for sb. to do sth. it 形式賓語2. sth. +be+ to do 動詞不定式做表語3. I hope you will write to me soon . 我希望你盡快給我回信 hope 有可能實現(xiàn)的愿望 wish 不大可能實現(xiàn)的愿望hope to do 希望做某事 wish sb. to do 希望某人做.二 重點難點解析 (課本)四 語法講解 1特殊疑問句 （略）2冠詞 冠詞分不定冠詞（The Indefinite Article）和定冠詞（The Definite Article）a, an是不定冠詞，the是定冠詞。 an,

4、 a是不定冠詞，僅用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面，表示“一”的意義，但不強調數(shù)目觀念。a用在以輔音（指輔音音素）開頭的詞前， an用在以元音（指元素音素）開頭的詞前。a+名詞單數(shù)，表示一個，或者某一，an一般用于元音字母開頭的單詞，作用和a一樣，the+名詞表示特指，the+形容詞，表示一類人或者事物。a和an是不定冠詞，修飾泛指名詞。只不過以元音開頭的名詞用an修飾 翻譯成“一個”。the是定冠詞，修飾特指名詞 翻譯成“這個”。1） 不定冠詞在句子中最大的語法功能是：用在可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前表示泛指-表明一類人或事物區(qū)別于它類。例：I am a Chinese. 我是(一個)中國人。This is a

5、 book. 這是（一本）書。2）為了讀音的方便，在以元音音素開頭的可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)名詞前用an而不用a。當我們使用an時，條件有三：這個名詞的讀音必須是以元音音素開頭-即它的 音標的第一個音素是元音，而不是說它是以元音字母開頭。它必須是個可數(shù)名詞。它還必須是個單數(shù)名詞。我們常常見到這類用法：a university 一所大學 an hour 一個小時an orange 一只桔子 an engineer 一位工程師an ordinary man一個普通人an honest person一位誠實的人3）定冠詞在句子中，既可以用于可數(shù)名詞前，也可以用于不可數(shù)名詞前；既用在可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前，也用在

6、可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式前。從表達意義上講，它既可表達this, that之意義，也可表達these, those之意義。例：This is the very ink I'm going to buy. 這正是我要買的那種墨水。The words on the blackboard are to be learned next time. 黑板上的這些單字是下次課要學的。不定冠詞a (an)與數(shù)詞one 同源，是"一個"的意思。a用于輔音音素前，一般讀作e，而an則用于元音音素前，一般讀做1) 表示"一個"，意為one；指某人或某物，意為a certa

7、in。A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.2) 代表一類人或物。A knife is a tool for cutting with.Mr. Smith is an engineer.3) 詞組或成語。a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / ke

8、ep an eye on / all of a sudden如果泛指某物,用a,/an,具體指某物的話，用the.Chapter 2A day in the life ofwhiz一kid Wendy神童溫迪的一天一 單詞（略）Phrases 詞組1 get up 起床 get on 上車 get off 下車 get back 返回 2 Put on (強調動作) take off 脫下 wear (強調狀態(tài)) in+ 衣服名詞/ 顏色 with 眼鏡手套之類的 （不可與衣服搭配） 3.over breakfast 吃早餐時 4.work on 從事.的研究 out of work 失業(yè) a

9、t work 在工作 a piece of work 一份工作 work out 解決 找到答案 a job 一分工作 5.make phone calls 打電話 telephone sb. call sb. make a phone call to sb. call sb. up 6On the way 在路上 on ones way (to )在.的路上 In the/ones way to 擋在路上 7twice a week 一周兩次 once a week three times a week 8. ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 ask sb. not to

10、 do 要求某人不要做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事 tell sb. not do sth. 告訴某人不要做某事 9have dinner with sb. 與某人共進晚餐 10. continue doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事（該件事情已經做了一部分繼續(xù)做相同的事情） continue to do sth. 繼續(xù)做某事（從一件事情到另外一件事情） Tom will continue to do his homework after dinner . Tom will continue doing his homework for another two h

11、ours . Sentences 句子1. must be 一定(對現(xiàn)在情況的肯定猜測) cant be 不可能是（對現(xiàn)在情況的否定猜測）2. one of the + 形容詞最高級 +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) “最.之一” （謂語動詞三人稱單數(shù)）3. before 在之前 the day before yesterday 前天 the day after tomorrow 后天 (1) before 在.前面 在之前 after在.之后 (2) before 從過去某時間的“以前” 那時以前 ago 以現(xiàn)在為基準（現(xiàn)在以前） 4.because 因為 （后接句子） because of 因為 二 重點難

12、點解析 （課本）三 語法講解 一般現(xiàn)在時 （略）Chapter 3Dealing with troubles 處理麻煩事一 單詞（略）Phrases 1. deal with 對待 處理 （與how 連用 強調 方法） 涉及 同做生意 do with 對待 處理（ 與what 連用 強調對象）2. about /on 在涉及文章,書籍,談話,演說,報告等有關內容時,兩者可通用。about 表示的內容較為普通,不那么正式,on用于較正式的場合 3. write about 寫關于.的事情 write back to 回信給 write down 寫下 記下 put down write in 用

13、（顏色）寫write on .將.寫在.上 write with 用.(書寫工具) 寫4. wait for 等候 wait and see 等著瞧 wait up 不睡覺等候 5. shout at 沖嚷嚷(吼叫)6. hold out 伸出 提供 7. be in 在.里 be up in 在上面的.里 be down in 在下面的.里 8. begin / start doing sth. 談及一項長期活動或開始一種習慣時，使用doingbegin/ start to do sth. 開始做某事9. run away 逃跑 10. go after 跟蹤 11. meet the fe

14、ery 接這艘渡輪12. put down 把放下13. stand around 圍著.站立 Sentences 1. 與過去進行時連用的時間狀語 2. heard sb. doing sth. 聽見某人正在干某事 heard sb. do sth.聽到某人做了某事3. No one knows what was happening . 沒人知道發(fā)生了什么事。4. Whats going on ? Whats up? Whats happening ? 發(fā)生什么事了？ 二 重點難點解析 (課本)四 語法講解 一般過去時 （略）Chapter 4Numbers：Everyones langua

15、ge 數(shù)字：每個人的語言一 單詞（略）Phrase 詞組 1. at least 至少 無論如何 反義詞組： at most 至多 2. in many different ways 用許多不同的方法 3. in tens 十進位法 4. like lightning 閃電般地 眨眼間 like 像.一樣 5. in a flash 轉眼間 眨眼之間 Sentences 句子1. because conj. 因為because / since/ as /forbecause: 表示直接的原因 回答why 的提問 其后加句子 because of 后加 名詞 動名詞 代詞 及 詞組since :

16、因為既然 側重主句 從句表示顯然或已知的理由as 由于 鑒于 主從句并重 從句說明原因 主句說明結果for 因為 由于 說明附加或推斷的理由其前常用逗號 for 及其后的句子不放在句首（ because 和so 不能連用 ，although / though 不可與but 連用 ）2. so + adj./ adv. 原級 that 如此.以至于. too + adj./ adv. 原級 to 太.而不能not + adj./ adv. 原級 enough to do 做某事不夠. 溫馨提示：如果三者轉換同義句時： She is too young to move the box . = Sh

17、e is so young that she cant move the box.= She isnt old enough to move the box . So that 以便 目的是 3. more + adj. than 4. if 引導的條件句 （主將從現(xiàn)） if/ whether是否 1在帶to的動詞不定式前。例如： She hasn't decided whether to go or not她還沒有決定去還是不去。 He doesn't know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home他不知道是去看

18、電影還是在家看電視。 2在介詞后面。例如： I'm thinking of whether we should go fishing我在想我們是否該去釣魚。 I'm not interested in whether she'll come or not她來不來，我不感興趣。 3直接與or not連用時。例如： I can't say whether or no the will come on time他能否準時來，我說不準。 I don't know whether or not they will come to help us我不知道他們是否會來

19、幫助我們。 4在動詞discuss后面的賓語從句中。例如： We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week我們討論下周我們是否舉行運動會。 5賓語從句提前時只能用whether。例如： Whether this is true or not，I can't say這是不是真的，我說不準。 6引導位于句首的主語從句或表語從句用 whether。例如： Whether he is right or wrong is a question他是對還是錯仍是個問題。 The question was whether he went t

20、here last night問題是他昨晚去沒去那里。1引導條件狀語從句，if意為“如果”時，不可用 whether代替。例如： We will go swimming if it is fine tomorrow如果明天天氣好，我們將去游泳。 We'll go hiking ifit doesn't rain tomorrow如果明天不下雨，我們將去徒步旅行。 2引導否定概念的賓語從句時一般用if。例如： He asked me if I hadn't finished my homework他問我是否沒有完成作業(yè)。 3狀語從句中的even if（即使）和as if（

21、好像）中的if不能用whether來替代。例如： I'll not let you watch TV even if you're free即使你有空，我也不讓你看電視。 He talks as if he knew all about it他說話的口氣好像他全部都已知道了。 二 重點難點解析 (課本)Chapter：5Look it up！查查看一 單詞（略）sentences 句子1. be +比較級+than 2. Nobody know her, do they?3. as +adj./adv. 原級+ as 與.一樣(用于肯定否定即可) not so +adj./ad

22、v. 原級+ as （用于否定）4. see sb. doing sth. 看見某人正在做某事 see sb. do sth. 看見某人做了某事5. 被動語態(tài)在各大時態(tài)中的結構及運用 (1) 一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are +過去分詞。 (2) 一般過去時：was/were+過去分詞。 (3) 現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/are being +過去分詞 (4) 過去進行時：was/were/being +過去分詞。 (5) 一般將來時：will be +過去分詞。 (6) 過去將來時：would be +過去分詞。 (7) 現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has been +過去分詞。 (8) 過去完在時：

23、had been +過去分詞。英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞的形式表現(xiàn)出來的，用來表明主語與謂語動詞之間的關系，英語的動詞有兩種語態(tài)形式，即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的對象，謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)。如：They speak English.他們講英語。主語“他們”是“講”這一行為的執(zhí)行者，是主動句，動詞用主動語態(tài)來表示；English is spoken by them.英語由他們講。主語“英語”是“講”的承受者，是被動句，動詞用被動語態(tài)的形式。He opened the door.他打開了這扇門。（主動語態(tài)）The door was opened.這扇門

24、被打開了。（被動語態(tài)） 一、 被動語態(tài)的構成1、 助動詞be+(及物動詞的)過去分詞構成動詞的被動語態(tài)的形式。助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be作為系動詞的變化完全一樣。二、 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)1、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的步驟： （1）將主動句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z： 注意：如果主動句的賓語是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?。如：Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom. 主動結構的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，組成介詞短語，放在被動結構中謂語動詞之后。在動作的執(zhí)行者無須說明或不必要強調時，by短語可以省略。主動語態(tài)、被動語態(tài)兩種時態(tài)要保持一致。（2）將動詞改為&qu

25、ot;be+過去分詞"。They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday.他們昨天開會了。 （3）將主動語態(tài)的主語改為be放在謂語動詞后。注意：如果原主語是代詞，則應由主格變?yōu)橘e格。He sang a song. A song was sung by him. 2、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的注意事項： 含有雙賓語，即直接賓語（常指事物）和間接賓語（常指人）的句子，每個賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，即其被動語態(tài)有兩種形式。但多以間接賓語作主語。Jack told us the truth.杰克告訴了我們真相

26、。We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told (to) us by Jack.三、 各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)1、 一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are +過去分詞We are taught English by her.由她教我們英語。2、 一般過去時：was/were+過去分詞A present was given to me by Mary.瑪麗給了我一件禮物。3、 一般將來時：will be+過去分詞The desk will be mended by him.這張桌子將由他修理。4、 現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/are +being + 過去分詞

27、The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墻壁。5、 過去進行時：was/were +being + 過去分詞The talk was being given at this time yesterday.昨天這個時候正在作報告。6、 現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has been+過去分詞The flowers have been watered.這些花已經被澆了。7、 過去完成時：had been+過去分詞She said this lift had never been used.8、 過去將來時：would be+過去分詞The film would be sho

28、wn again sometime next week. 這部電影下周的某個時候又將上映。9、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結構為：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞；其時態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動詞完成，"be+過去分詞"部分不變。如： Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那時桌子可由石頭制造。（一般過去時）Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石頭制造嗎？（疑問句） 四、 被動語態(tài)的特殊用法1、 不及物動詞不用于被動語態(tài)

29、。Appear, rise, die, happen, occur, lie, depart, belong to, break out, take place等不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。2、 表狀態(tài)動詞不用于被動語態(tài)常見的有：hold, have, cost, contain, become, ail, look like等3、 某些動詞的進行時可表被動The meat is cooking.肉在煮著。The cakes are baking,蛋糕在烘。The book is printing.這本書正在印刷。4、 主動形式表被動意義。1）某些感官動詞和系動詞接形容詞可以表示被動意義。如：

30、look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的臥室看起來非常干凈和整潔。2）動名詞的主動形式表示被動語態(tài)。如：want, deserve, need, require, take, worth等The book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。The children need looking after.孩子們需要照看。3)某些作表語的形容詞后，用不定式主動形式表示被動意義。The conversation is hard to understand.

31、對這話很難理解。The fish is not easy to fish.魚不容易釣。The passage is difficult to read.這段文章很難讀懂。1. ( ) 1 The People's Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found( ) 2 English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( ) 3 This English so

32、ng_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used2( ) 1 Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be

33、 kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 2 -I'd like to buy that coat.-I'm sorry. _. A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold( ) 3 A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 4 The key _ on the table when

34、I leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 5 Doctors _ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( ) 6 His new book_ next month.A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published3( ) 1 Japanese _ in every coun

35、try. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 2 These papers_yet. A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written( ) 3 The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't4( ) 1 -My shoes

36、are worn out.A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended?( ) 2 _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D . Are( ) 3 _ these desks be needed? A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do二 重點難點解析 (課本)三 語法講解 I指示代詞（this, that,

37、these, those) 指示代詞有單、復數(shù)之分。特指名詞的單數(shù)用this（近）/that（遠）；特指名詞的復數(shù)用these（近）/those（遠）。Is this your book? Yes，it isIs that your bike? No，it isn't。 Are these your pencils? Yes，they areAre those your parents? No，they aren't 2可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 Chapter 6Nobody wins（Part I）沒有人贏（第一部分）一 單詞（略）Phrases 詞組1. run out of

38、用完 run out of 從跑出來 run out 不能用于被動語態(tài)2. be closed to 離.近 3. two storeys high 兩層樓高4. get out of 從.出去5. begin/start to do sth 開始做某事 begin / start doing sth. 開始做某事 談及一項長期活動或開始一種習慣時，使用doing.6. in peace 處于和平 come in peace 懷著善意而來7. in pieces 變成碎片8. do sb. a favour 幫某人一個忙 give sb. a hand 9. turn our blood to

39、 ice 使我們毛骨悚然10. look like 看上去像二 重點難點解析 (課本)語法講解 一般將來時 （略）Chapter 7Nobody wins（Part II）沒有人贏（第二部分）一 單詞（略）Phrases 詞組1. lie down 躺下2. fall asleep 入睡 go to bed 去睡覺（動作） 3. use ones brain 動腦4. go back to 回到5. make sure 確信 確定 make sure of/ about sth. make sure that 從句 6. climb into 爬進7. one by one 一次一個 8. b

40、e done for 完蛋9. go out 熄滅 出門參加社交活動 停止工作 罷工10. 與go 相關的詞組; go away 離開 go ahead 開始 進行 go by 經過 過去 go over 檢查復習 11. be finished 被殺 被毀滅二 重點難點解析 (課本)三 語法講解 1 用介詞表示方位： 介詞經常用來表示方位：in在里面，on在上面，under/below在下方，above/ove：在上方，beside在旁邊，next to緊挨著，between（兩者之間）/among（三者以上）在中間，in front of在前面behind在后面，opposite在對面 2

41、 不定代詞： 不定代詞some, something, somebody, someone常用于肯定句；any, anything,anybody, anyone常用于否定句或疑問句，用于肯定句時表示任何人/物；無論誰什么。當不定代詞充當主語時，動詞常用單數(shù)形式；修飾不定代詞的形容詞放在其后作后置定語。 e. g. anything interesting/something important/nothing wrong Vocabulary and Grammar I. Choose the best answer. 18%( )1There is _ “u” in _ word “uni

42、versity”. A. an, an B. an, the C. a, a D. a, the( )2. The mechanic _the garage very late. He had to_ the tools borrowed from his friends last Tuesday. A .returned, return to B. returned, return C. returned to, return to D. returned to, return ( )3. What _ weather it is today!A. pleasedB. pleasureC.

43、pleaseD. pleasant( )4. “Be _,” the teacher said to us _ angrily.A. quiet, quietlyB. quite, quiteC. quiet, quiteD. quietly, quiet( )5. The Macao Red Cross _ 1.3 million U.S. dollars for tsunami victims（海嘯遇難者）. A. has risen B. was raised C. has raised D. rose( )6. This T- shirt is much too large for m

44、e. Could you show me_ one? A. other B. another C. others D. the other( )7. -_do you like the Grand Theatre?AWhat B. When C. Where D. How( )8. I dont want _ lies.A. that tell youB. you to tellC. to you tellD. tell you( )9. The thief _ a bag from the lady in the street yesterday.A. robbedB. caughtC. s

45、toleD. lifted( )10. The students of Class Two visited a _ last Friday.A. dairyB. diaryC. dailyD. diaries( )11. There is still half an hour, you _ leave so early.A. cantB. neednt C. shouldntD. mustnt( )12. Janes idea sounds more interesting than _.A. JackB. yourC. yoursD. her( )13. Mike didnt know _ the problem.A. how to doB. how to do withB. how to deal withD. what to deal with( )14. The man gave _ details to the police and then put down the telephone.A. much moreB. some moreC. anotherD. one more( )15. I heard the noise and went out to see _.A. what wa