論初中生英語自主學(xué)習(xí)能力的培養(yǎng)畢業(yè)論文

1、分類號 UDC 單位代碼 10644 密 級 公開 學(xué) 號 2010031510文理學(xué)院 學(xué)士學(xué)位論文論初中生英語自主學(xué)習(xí)能力的培養(yǎng)論文 廖 練指導(dǎo)教師： 顧玉蘭學(xué)科專業(yè)： 英 語 研究方向： 教學(xué)法提交日期： 2012年 5 月10日 答辯日期： 2012年 5 月17日 學(xué)位授予： 文理學(xué)院中 國 · 達(dá) 州2012年5月School of Foreign Languages SichuanUniversity of Arts & ScienceCultivation of Middle School Students Autonomy in English Learni

2、ngbyLiao LianA ThesisPresented to the School of Foreign LanguagesIn Partial Fulfillment of the RequirementsFor the Degree of B. A. in English April 2012Thesis Supervisor: Gu Yulan ContentsAbstract.iAcknowledgements.iiI. Introduction.1II.Autonomy learning2A .Definition.2B. Characteristics.2 1. Settin

3、g goals and making plans before learning.2 2. Monitoring their learning.2 3. Commenting and improving their learning.3 C. The importance of autonomy learning ability.3 1. The needs of society development.3 2. The main aim of teaching reform.4 3. The needs of students individual development.4 4. The

4、requirements of improving learning efficiency.5III. Methods of cultivating middle school students' autonomy learning ability.5A. Obstacles on cultivating activities51. Students' lack of motivation and interest in English learning.52. Bad influences on students of traditional teaching.73. Fal

5、se habits students had developed.7 B. Methods of cultivating middle school students' autonomy81. Cultivating students' learning interest.82. Organizing English extracurricular activities.10 3. Applying easy and new teaching methods.114. Developing students' culture knowledge .115. Releas

6、ing students'pressure13IV. Conclusion.14Notes.16Bibliography.17Integrity Undertaking .18Cultivation of Middle School Students' Autonomy in English LearningAbstractSince 1980s, with the rise of meta-congnition, self-autonomy becomes popular with the pedagogues. The autonomy learner is the per

7、son who has the ability of supervising their learning behavior, setting up goals according to their practical conditions, making out learning plans, choosing learning strategies, monitoring learning process and making self-assessment and self-evaluation in time. Nowadays most of the students are poo

8、r autonomy learners, which is one of the main obstacles in middle school English teaching. In order to know whether the ability of autonomy learning benefits to middle school learners on their English study, a recent experiment proved that students in experimental class made greater progress than th

9、ose in the control class. Thus Students' autonomy learning ability is obviously the basic requirements ofthe latest education reform. Besides, autonomy learning ability is not only the requirements of the quality education, but the needs of students' individual development.It is believed tha

10、t the autonomy learning ability has become the basic skills of theyoung generationsto survive in the fierce competitive society.In this paper the writer mentioned totally five methods of cultivating middle school students autonomy learning ability of English study, cultivating students' interest

11、 in English study, organizing a variety of English extracurricular activities and developing students' knowledge of English and English speaking countries and so on.Key words: autonomy; middle school students; cultivation; abilityAcknowledgementsFirst and foremost, I would like to express my hea

12、rtfelt gratitude to my supervisor, MsGuYulan both for her intellectual guidance and for her warm and constant encouragement during the process of writing this thesis. With patience and prudence, she labored through drafts of this thesis and pointed out defects in my writing. Therefore, I owe all the

13、 merits in this thesis, if any, to her, though I am fully aware that the thesis might still contain some demerits for which I bear the whole responsibility.My cordial and sincere thanks go to all the teachers concerned in School of Foreign languages, whose interesting and informative courses have be

14、nefited me a lot during my college years. The profit that I gained from their profound knowledge, remarkable expertise and intellectual ingenuity will be of everlasting significance to my future life and career.I am also very grateful to my classmates, who have given me a lot of help and courage dur

15、ing my stay in the University and throughout the process of writing this thesis. Last but not the least, big thanks go to my family who have shared with me my worries, frustrations, and my ultimate happiness in eventually finishing this thesis.Cultivation of Middle School Students' Autonomy in E

16、nglish LearningI. IntroductionIn our traditional Englishteaching, the teachers were the central part, while the students play passive roles. The teachers'chief task is to transfer knowledge to students because they act as the possessor, the disseminator of the knowledge and the treasure house of

17、 information. Over time, students think that the teachers were the authority and theyeven do not know what they should do without teachers' help.As a result,the traditional teaching doesnt help with students development,but produces a lot of students of high score but poor ability.Thus,an idea o

18、f learning and teaching come up as the times require. It is the conception of autonomous learning which was put forward in the 1960s. But notuntill recent years were the new methods put into practice which gives new requirements to English teaching and changes the position of both the teacher and th

19、e student.Teachers are no longer the host of knowledge but the learners are the main body of learning. Only when the students have developed autonomous learning abilities can they do well in their future whole-life learning. Though it is a problem to make the learners adapt autonomy learning within

20、a very short time,teacher can help them to understand how important a tool the autonomous learning is.In this paper, the writer manages to analyze the vital role of the autonomy learning, the characteristics and the methods of cultivating middle school studentsautonomy learning with the hope of help

21、ing English teachers and learners to change their traditional belief in learning and teaching.II. Autonomy LearningA. Definition Since the 1860s, many western famous educators have put forward the autonomy learning theory.They were the pioneers of education career, and their theory has played a pivo

22、tal role in our education field.Jean Piaget stated thatall truth should be gained or rediscovered by students rather than simply handed to them. Holec regarded autonomy as the ability to take charge of one's own learning. Kenny stated that autonomy is not only the freedom to learn but also the o

23、pportunity to become a person.Dickingson held that autonomy is a situation in which the learner is completely responsible for all of the decisions concerned with their learning and the implementation of these decisions.The writer in this paper does not agree Holec any more, autonomy learning ability

24、 is a kind of ability that one can take charge of one's own learning process independently, includingmaking study goals, being clear about the study content, adapting to the learning environment and overcoming psychological problems.B. Characteristics1. Setting goals and making plans before lear

25、ning Drawing up learning plans can improve ones learning. Based on their own reality, every student should have his own learning objectives, learning to arrange self-learning time and learning task.Besides,a good learning plan makes the students clinktheir learning achievementto the goals of learnin

26、g,which makes learning process a clear purpose, so as to promote the realization of the target of the learning.2. Monitoring their learningIn the traditional education mode, teachers play the chief role, while students accept knowledge passively. But in the autonomy learning mode students explore in

27、dependently under the guidance of teachers. Students change from passive knowledge receivers into active knowledge obtainers, and teaching means has also been changed from the simpleknowledge transferring to arousing students' inner learning motivation.3. Commenting and improving their learningC

28、onstructivism pays special attention to students' subject status, which confirms that knowledge is scholars'subjective construction.That is to say, the independent learning does not mean teachers should directly tell students how to solve the problems they face, but provide students relevant

29、 clues to help them solve the problems, makethem analyze and think about itin order to develop their autonomy learning ability.Autonomy learning is not a kind of learning that restricted by time, place and material, but a set of learning methods allowing students to choose theirlearning time, place,

30、 the methods and content of learning independently, making a plan, learning feedback and evaluation. By the way,it is different from self-learning. Self-learning is the same as individual enclosed learning, while in autonomy learning,according to their own learning situation, students can choose lea

31、rning companions, to learn from others, make up their shortcomes in a mutual relationship of communicationand help during the learning process.Einsteinpointed out that it is more important to put a question than to solve it. Because the problem solving is probably just a mathematical or experimental

32、 skills, but putting forward the new problems needs to have creative imagination. Thus, creation marks the real progress of science. Autonomy learning does not mean students simply learn to copy the contents, but means students should learn and complete the activity of recreation according to their

33、own needs. Under creative learning and creative problem solving, students completethe entire learning process by themselves, sometimes with the help of teachers and classmates. C. The Importance of Autonomy Learning Ability 1. The needs of society developmentWith the development of science and incre

34、asingly fierce competition from the society, knowledge learned in the school is not enough at all. Everyone needs a lifelong learning. In the future, whether we are competitive and promising with great potential. And whether we are able to grasp the knowledge in the information age, basically depend

35、s on whether we have lifelong learning ability. However,learning after leaving school is often processed without any teachers, but relies on our own autonomy learning ability. Thus it is believed that the autonomy learning ability has become the basic skills of theyoung generationsto survive in the

36、fierce competitive society.2. The main aim of teaching reformThe cultivation of the students' autonomy learning ability is also the basic requirement ofthe latest education reformwhose essential point is to change the tendency of focusing too much on direct teaching methods and to emphasize deve

37、lopingstudents positive learning attitude toobtain knowledge independently as well as the basically essential skills. Such reform highlightsthenecessity of students' autonomy learning.The traditional learningmethods completely ignores students' creation and exploration,which in practice make

38、s students' misunderstand the nature of learning and makes learning become a passive process of memorizing, destroying students' interest and enthusiasm of theirlearning. It seriously influences healthy growth of the new generations.New reform advocates students to participate intheir learni

39、ng actively, to explore new knowledge, to deal with the function of information, to practice problem solving skills and to gain the ability of communication and cooperation. Therefore, the ability of autonomy learning becomes the first target of the educational reform.At present, with the deeper enf

40、orcement of the reform,students are expected to learn independently and creatively. There are a lot of requirements in teaching material, asking students to discuss, to obtain new knowledge independently. These also require students to have a strong ability of independent learning.3. The needs of st

41、udents' individual developmentDuYanpingmentioned that the cultivation of the students' autonomy learning ability is not only the requirements of the quality education, but the needs of students' individual development2.First of all, the autonomy learning ability improves students' le

42、arning in the school. After examination, students with high scores are those who mostly have autonomy learning ability because the independent learning ability can promote students' content understanding. Second, the autonomy learning ability is the basic quality of innovative talents.According

43、to research, most of those who get prize in science and technology innovation competitions are strongly independent, self-disciplined ones. This proves that students' creativity is closely related to their autonomy learning ability. The famous mathematician Hua Luogeng once said that creative in

44、ventions do not depend on others' teaching, but by their own thoughts.They do by themselves, achieving and making progresses finally. So, the autonomy learning ability helps with students development.4. The requirements of improving learning efficiencyLearning efficiency is not only the key to t

45、he classroom teaching but also the key to the implementation of quality education. In the classroom the autonomy learning is not totally independent self-learning. Students should not blindly follow the teacher but preview before classes, enthusiastically participate in the class, check leakage occu

46、rring in time after classes and give full play to their own initiative.Furthermore, teachers should try to change the conception offorcing students to learn into that of willingly to learn by students themselves which are the keys to improve the students' learning efficiency.III. Methods of Cult

47、ivating Middle School Students'Autonomy Learning AbilityThough it is beneficial to cultivate students autonomy, it is difficult to cultivate middle school students'autonomous learning, for there were a few obstacles during the process of cultivating autonomous learning ability. A. Obstacles

48、on cultivating activities1. Students' lackof motivation and interest in English learningWhat is learning motivation? American psychologist Maslow once put The Self-fulfillment Theory of The People which is one of the major socialist psychology learning motivation theories. The theory figures tha

49、t people have their own will, but they also have a lot of fear and anxiety.It is these factors that make the students' major obstacles of learning and fulfillment. So in the teaching process, the teacher should respect those who are lack of learning motivation,let them feel the love and the feel

50、ing of belonging to and help them understand the necessity of English learning, improve their understanding of the value of English learning by making them understand that English is an indispensable communicative tool in the future work, learning and life.And this can also enhance their English-lea

51、rning will, makingthem hopeful and confident, solving their problem and making progress. The United States chief humanistic psychologist, Rogers, states that people's cognitive activities are always accompanied by certain emotional factors. If the emotional factors are repressed or even killed,

52、man's creating potential won't get developed and implemented either.Therefore, only with the sincerity can stimulate their learning enthusiasm, and strengthen their confidence.There are many factors that influence students learning motivation. (a)Lack of confidence. Self-confidence is the ba

53、sic condition of English learning. It even helps English learning proceed smoothly (b) Over-anxiety. Among psychological factors, anxiety, is a kind of psychological state of being uneasy, agitated, frustrated, and afraid to make mistakes, has been shown in the study that moderate anxiety inspires s

54、tudents' learning motivation. (c) Low self-image. The self-image is about the learners' study ability and the impression they leaving on others' mind. If students think their impressions leaving on their teachers are bad, they often have a negative attitude to their English learning. (d)

55、 Shy character. Some students may be more introverted, ashamed to show, being afraid of not speaking Englishfluentlyenough and laughed at by other students. Therefore, in the process of English teaching, teachers should try to help students overcome such personality disadvantage.Moreover, David Haye

56、s states that interest is a psychological tendency for children to understand something or engage in some activities. Learning interest refers to children positive attitude and preferable mood towards learning. Learning interest seems like a guide whohas original power for promoting children to seek

57、 knowledge actively, and it is the most dynamic and the most intense psychological factors which benefits learning. Interest makesstudentsovercome hardship bravely. Interest makesmen consuming; Interest makes human-beings persistent and willing to put in efforts. Once the child has learning interest, he would try their best to take part in learning activities.2. Bad influences on students of traditional teachingThe traditional teaching methods put too much emphasis on knowledge, neglecting the cult