滬教牛津版九年級(jí)下冊(cè)課文與翻譯

1、Unit1 Great explorationsThe voyages of Zheng He Zheng He was a famous Chinese explorer. In 1405, he set off from China on the first of seven great voyages. This was nearly a century before Christopher Columbus first set sail on his journey of discovery to America. His travels were so important that

2、they are still studied today. Zheng He was born in Yunnan in 1371. He rose to become a trusted official of the Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The emperor ordered Zheng He to visit and explore the lands outside China. His task was to develop relations and set up trade routes with foreign countri

3、es. In a few years, he built a great fleet of ships, the biggest in the world at that time. The ships were known as treasure ships. They were big enough to carry 25,000 people as well as very large quantities of goods. From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He went on seven trips and visited South-East Asia, the

4、Middle East and even the east coast of Africa. It seemed that nowhere was too far for him to visit. These voyages allowed China to trade valuable goods like gold, silver and silk. At the end of each voyage, Zheng He returned with many things that were seen in China for the first time, such as a gira

5、ffe from Africa. Besides developing trade, the voyages also encouraged the exchange of cultures and technologies. They helped the development of those countries and regions. Zheng He died in 1433 during his last voyage. However, his voyages were such a huge achievement that people still remember him

6、 as a pioneer in opening up cultural contacts between different peoples around the world. 鄭和是一位著名的中國(guó)探險(xiǎn)家。1405年，他從中國(guó)出發(fā)，開(kāi)始了七次偉大航行中的第一次。這是在克里斯托弗.哥倫布第一次起航發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲之旅的近一個(gè)世紀(jì)以前。他的旅行如此重要以至于今天仍被人們研究。鄭和1371年出生在云南。他升為明朝永樂(lè)皇帝一名值得信賴的官員?；实勖钹嵑驮L問(wèn)并探索中國(guó)以外的土地。他的任務(wù)是加強(qiáng)與外國(guó)的關(guān)系，并與之建立貿(mào)易路線。在幾年的時(shí)間里，他建立了一支巨大的船隊(duì)-當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最大的（船隊(duì)）。那些船被稱作寶船

7、。它們足夠大，能承載25000人以及大量的貨物。從1405年到1433年，鄭和七次旅行，訪問(wèn)了東南亞、中東地區(qū)，甚至非洲東海岸。似乎對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有什么地方是遙不可及的。這些旅行允許中國(guó)交換一些貴重物品，如金、銀和絲綢。每次航線結(jié)束，鄭和帶回了許多在中國(guó)第一次見(jiàn)到的東西，比如一只非洲長(zhǎng)頸鹿。除了增強(qiáng)貿(mào)易之外，航行也促成了文化與科技的交流。它們幫助了那些國(guó)家和地區(qū)的發(fā)展。1433年，鄭和在他最后一次航行中去世。然而，他的航行是一項(xiàng)如此巨大的成就，以至于人們?nèi)詫⑺鳛殚_(kāi)辟世界各地不同民族間文化聯(lián)系的先驅(qū)而銘記。Unit2 Culture shockLiving in another countryMy

8、 name is Brad Li. Im here today to tell you about my experience an exchange student in the United States last year. I must admit that at first America was a big culture shock for me. Many things were strange to me: the language, the food and even the school. I stayed with a host family in a small to

9、wn. My host parents, Mr and Mrs Hurst, were very kind. They organized a lot of activities for me in my spare time so that I wouldnt miss home or feel lonely.However, to a certain degree, life in the US was hard to get used to. My main problem was with the language. I failed to understand much in the

10、 first few weeks because everyone spoke so fast. Though I soon managed to get used to it, I still had problems because they used a lot of idioms. For example, they often say they are “under the weather” when they are ill. Their everyday English is very different from what we learn in China. Another

11、difference was the food: My host family always had bread, potatoes and salad for meals. I really missed the dumplings, rice and delicious dishes from home. School was a big shock too. They do not require students to wear uniforms, so students can wear almost whatever they like. Some students have st

12、range hairstyles as well. Some students even have pink or purple hair! Anyway, I have many great memories of that year, especially playing in the snow in winter, and playing baseball. At Halloween, I went to a party dressed as Harry Potter. At Thanksgiving, we had a big dinner with a huge turkey. It

13、 was an exciting year, and it was a valuable education for me. Now I understand more about American culture. My American friends asked me many questions about life in China, and this made me think about my own culture as well.在另一個(gè)國(guó)家生活我的名字叫布拉德.李。今天我在這里講述我去年在美國(guó)作為一名交換生的經(jīng)歷。我必須承認(rèn)，起初美國(guó)（文化）對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)很大的文化沖擊。許多

14、事物是陌生的：語(yǔ)言、食物甚至學(xué)校。我與小鎮(zhèn)上的一個(gè)寄宿家庭生活在一起。我寄宿家庭的父母，赫斯特先生和夫人，非常善良。在我的空閑時(shí)間里，他們?yōu)槲医M織了許多活動(dòng)，以便我不會(huì)想家，也不會(huì)感覺(jué)孤獨(dú)。然而，在某種程度上，美國(guó)的生活很難適應(yīng)。我的主要問(wèn)題是語(yǔ)言。在最初的幾周，我未能理解多少，因?yàn)榇蠹艺f(shuō)得很快。雖然我很快勉力適應(yīng)了，但我仍然有麻煩，因?yàn)樗麄冇昧嗽S多習(xí)語(yǔ)。例如，生病時(shí)，他們經(jīng)常說(shuō)“under the weather”(under the weather:略有不適)。他們的日常英語(yǔ)與我們?cè)谥袊?guó)學(xué)的差別很大。另一個(gè)差別是食物。我寄宿的家庭吃飯總是吃面包、土豆和沙拉。我真的想念家鄉(xiāng)的水餃、米飯和美味

15、佳肴。學(xué)校也是一個(gè)大的沖擊。他們不要求學(xué)生穿校服，因此學(xué)生幾乎可以穿他們喜歡的一切。一些學(xué)生也留著奇怪的發(fā)型。一些學(xué)生甚至留著粉紅色或紫色的頭發(fā)！無(wú)論如何，那一年我有很多美好的回憶，尤其是冬天在雪地里玩和打棒球。在萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夕，我打扮成哈利.波特去參加了一個(gè)聚會(huì)。在感恩節(jié)，我們吃了一頓有著一只碩大火雞的大餐。那是令人激動(dòng)的一年，而且它對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一次寶貴的有教益的經(jīng)歷?，F(xiàn)在我理解了更多的美國(guó)文化。我的美國(guó)朋友問(wèn)了我許多關(guān)于中國(guó)生活的問(wèn)題，這也使我思考了自己的文化。Unit3 The environmentThe world is in dangerOur world is in danger. W

16、e must do something to protect the environment. But, what are the main problems we face?The greenhouse effectThe atmosphere around the Earth is necessary for all living things. It is like the glass of a greenhouse, letting sunlight in and keeping heat from getting out. Without it, the Earth would be

17、 the same as the Moon-cold and lifeless.When we burn fuels such as petrol and coal, we produce a gas called carbon dioxide(CO2). Too much of this gas pollutes the atmosphere, and causes it to keep in too much heat. As a result of the greenhouse effect, the Earths temperature is increasing. This caus

18、es sea level to rise, and in the future may cause cities to disappear.Cutting down forestsEvery year, we destroy nature by cutting down huge areas of forests. This makes the greenhouse effect worse because trees take in CO2 and produce oxygen. Cutting down trees also destroys the homes of the animal

19、s that live in our forests, and causes the surface of the soil to be easily destroyed by rain. This can result in floods and even more damage to the environment.Bad habitsMany of our habits cause pollution. People often use things once and then throw them away, or leave them on the ground as litter.

20、 This increases mountains of rubbish and pollutes our land and seas.In order to protect the environment, we need to take proper action. We should be different from many customers and become “green consumers”. This means that we should only buy and use products friendly to the environment. We should

21、also recycle as many things as we can. We can reuse things for the same purpose as before, or we can use them for new purposes. If we just learn to live in new and different ways, we can make a difference.世界處于危險(xiǎn)中我們的世界處于危險(xiǎn)中。我們必須做些事來(lái)保護(hù)環(huán)境。但是，我們面對(duì)的主要問(wèn)題是什么呢？溫室效應(yīng)地球周圍的大氣層對(duì)所有生物是必需的。它像溫室的玻璃，讓陽(yáng)光進(jìn)入并組織熱量散出去。沒(méi)有它

22、，地球?qū)?huì)和月球一樣-寒冷且沒(méi)有生命。當(dāng)我們?nèi)紵衿秃兔哼@些燃料時(shí)，我們產(chǎn)生一種叫二氧化碳（CO2）的氣體。太多的這種氣體污染大氣層，并導(dǎo)致它保存太多的熱量。由于溫室效應(yīng)，地球的溫度正在上升。這導(dǎo)致了海平面上升，并且在將來(lái)可能導(dǎo)致地球消失?？撤ド置磕?，我們通過(guò)砍伐大面積的森林破壞自然。這使溫室效應(yīng)更嚴(yán)重，因?yàn)闃?shù)木吸收二氧化碳，釋放出氧氣?？撤?shù)木也破壞住在森林里的動(dòng)物的家園，并導(dǎo)致土壤表層容易受雨水侵蝕。這可能造成洪水（爆發(fā)），對(duì)環(huán)境破壞更大。壞習(xí)慣我們的許多習(xí)慣造成污染。人們經(jīng)常東西用了一次就扔掉，或者把它們作為垃圾留著地上。這制造大量的垃圾，污染我們的陸地和海洋。為了保護(hù)環(huán)境，我們需要

23、采取正確行動(dòng)。我們應(yīng)該不同于很多消費(fèi)者而成為“環(huán)保消費(fèi)者”。這意味著我們應(yīng)該只買(mǎi)和使用對(duì)環(huán)境無(wú)害的產(chǎn)品。我們也應(yīng)該盡可能多地回收利用物品。我們可以像從前一樣以同樣的用途重新使用物品，或者我們可以把它們用作新用途。如果我們現(xiàn)在就以新的且不同的方式學(xué)著生活，我們會(huì)起作用的。Unit4 Natural disastersThe great floodLast week in Geography class, we learnt that if all the ice in the North and South Poles melted, sea level around the world wou

24、ld rise, and many cities would be flooded and disappear.It started to worry me. What would happen if our city was badly flooded? Would anyone remain alive?Last night, I dreamt about a great flood:It was nine oclock in the morning. My bedroom floor was a pool of water. I looked out of the window. Wat

25、er was everywhere. It covered roads, parks and small houses. Large objects, such as coaches and boats, passed by my window. They were floating in the water.I could not just stand there! I had to do something!I tried to call my dad, but the line was dead. My computer was still working, so I sent him

26、an email. I wrote, “Dad, theres a flood! What should we do?” He sent me an email back which said, “Kevin, my boss has given me some work. Its important to stick with it. I cant afford to sit around and worry about the flood.”Then I emailed my best friend. “What should we do about the flood?” I asked

27、. My friend replied, “I have no time to think about the flood. Im playing computer games”I shouted, “The WATER! Look at the WATER!” But my cries fell on deaf ears. In offices and homes, people just sat and stared at their computer screens. It seemed that they did not want to leave. Computers were mo

28、re important than the flood.Very soon, the water came into peoples rooms. It poured onto their desks and covered their computers. In surprise, people finally started to notice the flood, but it was too late. Then I awoke. There was no water. I was safe-for now.大洪水在上周的地理課上，我們學(xué)習(xí)到如果南北兩極所有的冰都融化了，全世界的海平面

29、就會(huì)上升，許多城市將被淹沒(méi)并消失。這使我開(kāi)始擔(dān)心。如果我們的城市嚴(yán)重淹水，將會(huì)發(fā)生什么事？還會(huì)有人活著嗎？昨天晚上，我夢(mèng)到一場(chǎng)大洪水：早上九點(diǎn)鐘，我的臥室的地板成了一個(gè)水塘。我向窗外看去，到處是水。水淹沒(méi)了道路、公園和小房子。大件的物體，例如長(zhǎng)途汽車和船，從我窗前經(jīng)過(guò)。它們?cè)谄≡谒?。我不能只是站在那里！我必須做點(diǎn)什么！我試圖給我爸爸打電話，但是電話線路不通。我的電腦還在運(yùn)行，所以我給他發(fā)了一封郵件。我寫(xiě)道：“爸爸，發(fā)洪水了!我們?cè)撛趺崔k？”他給我回了一封郵件，上面寫(xiě)道：“凱文，我的老板給了我一些工作，堅(jiān)持工作很重要。我抽不出時(shí)間閑坐著擔(dān)心洪水?！苯又?，我給我最好的朋友發(fā)郵件。“我們應(yīng)該怎樣

30、對(duì)待洪水？”我問(wèn)道。我的朋友回答說(shuō)：“我沒(méi)有時(shí)間考慮洪水，我在玩電腦游戲”我大聲喊：“水！看那些水！”但是我的呼喊無(wú)人理睬。在辦公室和家里，人們只是坐著，盯著他們的電腦屏幕。似乎他們并不想離開(kāi)，電腦比洪水更重要。很快，水進(jìn)入了人們的房間，涌到他們的桌子上，并淹沒(méi)了他們的電腦。最后，人們驚訝地開(kāi)始注意到洪水。但是已經(jīng)太晚了。接著，我醒了。沒(méi)有水，我很安全-暫時(shí)的。Unit5 SportSkiing: An unforgettable experience by VanessaLast year, my parents took me on a very special holiday.My dr

31、eam was to see some real snow, so during the Christmas holiday, we took our passports and flew over the Pacific to Calgary, Canada. We took a bus to a ski resort in the Canadian Rockies. As the bus climbed through the mountains, we saw the thick snow on the trees. I was dying to get out and play wit

32、h it! At last, we reached the resort and quickly jumped out of the bus. This was our first experience with snow. We were like little children-we made snowballs, and threw them at one another! Then we checked in at the hotel. We could see the ski slope opposite the hotel. We could not wait to get out

33、 and ski.The next day, we put on our ski suits and gloves, took our skis and went outside onto the snow. Wearing skis for the first time made me feel strange. Suddenly I found myself unable to walk! Then we had a skiing lesson with a young couple. Our instructor took us to a gentle slope, and showed

34、 us some basic skills. To be honest, that first lesson was not a great success. I kept on falling over, and I had to hold on to a rope to keep my balance.However, the next day, I only fell over a few times, and I managed to do a few rapid runs. I felt pleased with myself, and my instructor told me I

35、 was doing much better. Although it was very cold, I spent most of my holiday skiing. I had a wonderful time.It was all over too soon. It was a shame, but we had to leave. I wish my parents would take me back for another wonderful skiing holiday next year.滑雪：一次難忘的經(jīng)歷瓦內(nèi)薩去年，我父母帶我度過(guò)了一個(gè)真正特別的假期。我的夢(mèng)想是看一些真正

36、的雪，所以在圣誕期間，我們帶上護(hù)照，飛越太平洋到達(dá)了加拿大的卡爾加里市。我們乘公共汽車到了位于加拿大落基山脈的滑雪旅游勝地。當(dāng)公共汽車翻山越嶺時(shí)，我們看到樹(shù)上厚厚的積雪。我極想出去玩玩雪！最后，我們到達(dá)了旅游勝地并迅速跳下公共汽車。這是我們第一次與雪相伴的經(jīng)歷。我們就像小孩子一樣-滾雪球，互相投擲！后來(lái)，我們登記入住旅館。在旅館的對(duì)面我們可以看到滑雪斜坡。我們迫不及待想出去滑雪。第二天，我們穿上我們的滑雪服，戴上手套，帶上我們的滑雪板，來(lái)到外面的雪地上。第一次穿上滑雪板讓我感覺(jué)怪怪的。突然，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不能行走了！后來(lái)，我們和一堆年輕夫妻一起參加了滑雪課。我們的教練帶我們?nèi)チ艘粋€(gè)平緩的斜坡并教給

37、了我們一些基本的技巧。說(shuō)實(shí)在的，第一堂課并不是很成功。我不停地跌倒，不得不抓住一根繩索以保持平衡。然而，第二天，我只跌倒了幾次，我設(shè)法做一些快速的滑行。我對(duì)自己感到很滿意，我的教練告訴我，我做得好多了。盡管天氣很冷，但假期中大部分時(shí)間我都用于滑雪。我過(guò)的非常愉快。假期很快就全部結(jié)束了。真是遺憾，但我們不得不里看看。我希望今年父母會(huì)帶我回來(lái)過(guò)一個(gè)精彩的滑雪假期。Unit6 Caring for your healthHow to lead a balanced lifeMany students suffer from stress in their daily lives. They are

38、under stress because their lives are not balanced. They focus too much on studying, dealing with peer pressure and worrying about what others think, and not enough on other things. You may wonder whether stress is a serious matter. The answer is “Yes”. You should be aware that stress is a risk to your health. If you want to live a long and healthy life, you need to begin to guard against stress from a young age. Here are some ways to deal with stress and bring balance to your life:Be positiveOne way to cancel out stress is through positi