閱讀理解（正）

1、閱讀理解能力提高技巧閱讀理解能力提高技巧Improving your reading abilityDo more reading exercise and read different subjects as possibe as you can!1.Daily life(平常生活平常生活)2.Anecdote(軼事傳說(shuō)）軼事傳說(shuō)）3.Ads and notices(廣告通知廣告通知)4.News reports(報(bào)道）報(bào)道）5.Social culture(社會(huì)文化）社會(huì)文化）6.History and geography(史地）史地）7.Economy(經(jīng)濟(jì)）經(jīng)濟(jì)）高考閱讀題材高考閱讀題

2、材：1 讀材料的主旨和大意，以及用以說(shuō)明主旨和大意的讀材料的主旨和大意，以及用以說(shuō)明主旨和大意的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)。事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)。2 既理解具體的事實(shí)，也理解抽象的概念。既理解具體的事實(shí)，也理解抽象的概念。3 既理解字面的意思，也理解深層的含義，包括作者既理解字面的意思，也理解深層的含義，包括作者的態(tài)度，意圖等。的態(tài)度，意圖等。4 既理解某句，某段的含義，也理解全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，既理解某句，某段的含義，也理解全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，并據(jù)此進(jìn)行推理和判斷。并據(jù)此進(jìn)行推理和判斷。5 既能根據(jù)所提供的信息去理解，也能結(jié)合中學(xué)生應(yīng)既能根據(jù)所提供的信息去理解，也能結(jié)合中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的常識(shí)去理解有的常識(shí)去理解The main r

3、equirement of reading comprehension test(二二). Details to comprehend細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題 (一一).Guessing meaning 猜測(cè)詞義題猜測(cè)詞義題 (四四).Purpose and Subject主題主旨題主題主旨題(三三).Reasoning judgment推理判斷題推理判斷題(六六).diagram and chart 圖示理解題圖示理解題The questions of reading in NMET高考閱讀題型高考閱讀題型(五五).the purpose and attitude of the author 作

4、者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題Rule and method規(guī)律方法規(guī)律方法一一.猜測(cè)詞義題猜測(cè)詞義題 Word Formation 構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法：super- (超超) mini- (極小極小, 微小的）微小的）micro-（極微小的）（極微小的） re- （再，反復(fù)）（再，反復(fù)） mis-（誤，惡）（誤，惡） im-（不）（不） un-（不，非）（不，非） in-（不，非）（不，非）non-（不，非）（不，非） -able（能（能的的 ） -less（不，無(wú)）（不，無(wú)） -wards (向向) 1. It will be very hard but very brittle that is ,

5、 it will break easily. (adj. 易碎的易碎的, 脆的脆的) 1. As the oceans are the source of life on earth, the estuaries are our planets nurseries. An estuary is the body of water where a river meets the ocean. Salt water from the ocean and fresh water from the river mix together in an estuary. This mixing of fre

6、sh and salt water creates a unique environment filled with life of all kinds - a zone between the land and the sea. Estuaries are the homes of thousands of animals and plants. Many cities and towns are built near estuaries, and a lot of fish is caught in estuaries.What does “unique” mean in the pass

7、age? A. perfect B. strange C. clean D. specialPractice 2. If you are a recent social graduate who has had to listen about unemployment from your computer major classmates, you may have had the last laugh. There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech “Information Age”

8、 demands people who are flexible and who have good communication skills.Q: By saying that “You may have had the last laugh,” the author means that you may have _. A. shared the jokes with computer majors B. earned as much as computer majors C. found jobs more easily than computer majors.D. stopped j

9、oking about computer majors 3.Gossip is a way for people to let you know the limits of social behavior. “If you move into a community and your neighbor tells you how the former homeowner never dealt with his rubbish properly , his gossip is _” says Dr. Ralph Rosnow of Temple University. Q:The underl

10、ined words in paragraph2 means_ A. allowing you to come in for something B. informing you something in a certain field C. telling you to do cleaning first before moving in D. warning you to pay attention to your behaviorletting you in on something,二二.細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題Mainly examine the studentsability of u

11、nderstanding the specific details or the main facts like who、what、when、where、cause、effect、data and so on. 1)Paani Laupepa , a Tuvaluan government official ,reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years .Many scientist

12、s connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.55According to scientists ,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is .Agreenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the sea Ccontinuous global

13、 warmingDrising sea levelsPractice56Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not .A agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissionsB. sign an agreement with Tuvaluan Callow Tuvaluans to move to the US D.believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real 2) Laupepa expressed dissatisfac

14、tion with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions（導(dǎo)致溫室效應(yīng)的氣體排放）,which are a main cause of global warming . “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away th

15、e freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live there,” Laupepa told the BBC.(用原文中一模一樣的字眼來(lái)迷惑考生用原文中一模一樣的字眼來(lái)迷惑考生)細(xì)節(jié)理解應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題細(xì)節(jié)理解應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題： 1.Correspondence對(duì)應(yīng)性對(duì)應(yīng)性：正確答案應(yīng)與文正確答案應(yīng)與文中的細(xì)節(jié)一一對(duì)應(yīng)中的細(xì)節(jié)一一對(duì)應(yīng) 2.Accurancy準(zhǔn)確準(zhǔn)確性：性：注意注意細(xì)節(jié)信息中的范圍、細(xì)節(jié)信息中的范圍、程度、語(yǔ)義色彩等改變程度、語(yǔ)義色彩等改變3.Distinstion區(qū)分性區(qū)分性：注意相同字眼的詞不一注意相同字眼的詞不一定對(duì)應(yīng)定對(duì)應(yīng)同

16、一事情同一事情 Rule and method規(guī)律方法規(guī)律方法這類題目找不到直這類題目找不到直接答案，只可以找出供推論的依據(jù)。接答案，只可以找出供推論的依據(jù)。小技巧：不選擇照抄原文的選項(xiàng)，要選擇要有小技巧：不選擇照抄原文的選項(xiàng)，要選擇要有 同義詞解釋的選項(xiàng)。同義詞解釋的選項(xiàng)。 1)不選事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)選項(xiàng)不選事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)選項(xiàng) 2)不選非事實(shí)選項(xiàng)不選非事實(shí)選項(xiàng) 3)選概括性選概括性/哲理性的選項(xiàng)哲理性的選項(xiàng)三推理判斷題PRACTICE Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem

17、 of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats. It is said that the Englishman objects to this type of existence, but if the case is such, he does in fact differ from the inhabitants of most countries of the world today.Q:We

18、 can infer from the passage that _.A.English people, like most people in other countries, dislike living in flats.B. People in most countries of the world today are not opposed to living in flatsC. People in Britain are forced to move into high blocks of flatsD. Modern flats still fail to provide th

19、e necessary facilities for living.PRACTICE Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats. It is said that the Englishman objects to this

20、 type of existence, but if the case is such, he does in fact differ from the inhabitants of most countries of the world today.【例題】【例題】 When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to

21、 come near. When I walked over, she asked,“Are you single? “Why, yes. I answered, smiling at her happily. “So is my mother. she said, “Would you like to meet her?Q:1. The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_.A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with herC. she was bea

22、utiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with himQ:2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_. she lived near his house he often went to visit her motherC. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much1. The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought

23、_.A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with herC. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him【解析】 這是推測(cè)原因的題目。女服務(wù)員每天向作者示好，作者產(chǎn)生誤解，以為女孩對(duì)他有意。考慮到他們年齡相差懸殊，作者認(rèn)為女孩愛上他有點(diǎn)奇怪。故第1題答案是 D。2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_.A. she lived near his house B. he

24、often went to visit her motherC. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much女孩問(wèn)作者是否單身，并提到她母親也是單身，并邀請(qǐng)他與她母親見面，可見，女孩每天向他問(wèn)好，目的是想取得他的好感，進(jìn)而搓和他和她母親。第2題答案是 C。四.主題主旨題分析、概括，歸納相關(guān)部分分析、概括，歸納相關(guān)部分的中心大意的中心大意(Main idea)，選擇標(biāo)題（選擇標(biāo)題（title），判斷作），判斷作者的寫作目的（者的寫作目的（purpose）一開門見山一開門見山, 提出主題, 隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)解釋, 支撐或發(fā)

25、展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想. 最常見的演繹法寫作方式.Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemic

26、als. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.分清分清main idea 和和 supporting sentences二，首尾呼應(yīng)二，首尾呼應(yīng) 為突出主題, 作者先提出主題, 結(jié)尾時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題, 這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方式較為多見. 但前后表述主題的句子不是簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù), 后面的表述往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味。(首段）Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snak

27、es bites that led me to the career. “ she said（尾段）“ The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes. Shu said.三，先表述細(xì)節(jié)三，先表述細(xì)節(jié),后歸納要點(diǎn)后歸納要點(diǎn), 印象, 結(jié)論建議或結(jié)果, 以概括主題. 這是英語(yǔ)中最常見的歸納法寫作方式 A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, compared with that of

28、 a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. In deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different things with his limbs. Mans games show how he can control his own bod

29、y. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him. 分清分清details和和 conclusi

30、on四無(wú)主題句四無(wú)主題句 在全文中沒有明確的主題句在全文中沒有明確的主題句. 必須根據(jù)文篇中所必須根據(jù)文篇中所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面考慮，綜合分析，然后找出共同的東西，歸納成一節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面考慮，綜合分析，然后找出共同的東西，歸納成一般概念般概念。必須注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過(guò)于。必須注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過(guò)于寬泛，要恰如其分。寬泛，要恰如其分。 Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He tran

31、sferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.Q: What is the main idea of the passage? A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bing

32、ham is a diligent student. C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education. 【解題思路】 此文沒有主題句。全篇共四句，只陳述了四個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)(detail)性的事實(shí)。因此就答案本身看，個(gè)個(gè)都對(duì)。讀者只能將所有的details綜合起來(lái)，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，才能構(gòu)成一個(gè)沒有言明的主題思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情況，即作者想告訴我們的是：Joshua Bingham接受過(guò)良好的教育

33、，所以答案是 一一.Look at the items before read the passages and then analyse the information of each choice 速讀全文，了解大意知主題?？忌仨氃谑钟邢薜臅r(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用速讀全文，了解大意知主題?？忌仨氃谑钟邢薜臅r(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句。略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句。詳讀細(xì)節(jié)，理順?biāo)悸放c文章脈絡(luò)詳讀細(xì)節(jié)，理順?biāo)悸放c文章脈絡(luò)先看題干，帶著問(wèn)題讀文章。其次了解試題題干以及各個(gè)先看題干，帶著問(wèn)題讀文章。其次了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息選項(xiàng)所包含

34、的信息 二二. Read the text fast to know the main idea. The students should search the key words and topic sentence in limited time by skimming、scanning and skipping. 三三.Read detail, straighten out the ideas and articlesConclusion:The skills and strategies of reading Please finish passageB in the36th Engl

35、ish Weekly in 7mins 1.Finish the rest of passages in the 36th English Weekly2.Recite the words in unit54.理解作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度題理解作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度題： 既考查學(xué)生對(duì)字面意思的理解，也考查學(xué)生對(duì)作者寫作目的、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等的理解?？碱}主要形式考題主要形式:(1)The writers purpose in writing this story is (2)The text discusses men and women 50,000 years from now in order to sho

36、w that Rule and method規(guī)律方法規(guī)律方法：正確理解作者的寫作意圖，所持的觀點(diǎn)及闡述文章主題時(shí)語(yǔ)氣或他對(duì)所論述的對(duì)象的態(tài)度。-假如你是假如你是作者，你為什么要寫本文？作者，你為什么要寫本文？五五.理解作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度題理解作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度題小技巧：辨認(rèn)三種作者使用的表達(dá)情感、態(tài)度及小技巧：辨認(rèn)三種作者使用的表達(dá)情感、態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)的詞匯，以及承接上下文的連接詞。觀點(diǎn)的詞匯，以及承接上下文的連接詞。表示貶義表示貶義：disgust, critical, negative, tolerant, disappointment.表示褒義表示褒義: positive, wonder, supp

37、ort, useful, interesting, enthusiasm, admiring表示中立表示中立: indifferent, impassive, uninterested, ambivalent, neutral, apathetic, humor, disinterested, disinterest.例例：The author appears _ modern advertising.A.to like B. to be indifferent to c. to dislike D. to know how to deal with One of the most autho

38、ritative voices speaking to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes to us in colored lights all night. C

39、六.圖表理解題圖示理解題中地圖的一般坐標(biāo)方位是“上北下南，左西右東”（特別標(biāo)明方位的除外）。有時(shí)根據(jù)文章內(nèi) 容提供一幅或多幅圖（地圖、示意圖或其它圖形），要求考生正確判斷和選擇符合原文內(nèi)容的圖示。解題方法1先看問(wèn)題和圖示再讀原文，要以原文提供的事實(shí)、邏輯關(guān)系為自己思維活動(dòng)的基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)，使自己的思維模式與作者寫作時(shí)的思維模式相吻合（詞、短語(yǔ)或句子），分析其中的細(xì)節(jié)，找出符合圖示所要求的必要條件： 1) Which of the following maps gives the right position of ? 2) Which of the following diagrams /pictur

40、es /figures shows the correct relationship between A.B and C? 3) Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what is /looks like? A U.S. Couple have succeeded in a 55-meter fall over Horseshoe Falls in a barrel(木桶) with only slight hurts. Horseshoe Falls is the Canadian part of Niagara Falls. Steven Trotter of Florida and Lori Martin of Atlanta treated at a hospital for small hurts after dropping over the falls as a Fathers Day show. Police took an hour to free the barrel wrapped with bulletproof (防彈的) material and covered in thick plastics, from rocks at the base of the