2021屆新高考版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第2部分專題二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1、專題二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)E不定式作賓語(yǔ)典例 1 2019 浙:1,63 But some students didn ' t want(wear) the uniform.解折，此處應(yīng)用不定式作want的賓語(yǔ)，故填to wear。答褰to wear動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語(yǔ)典例 2 2020 黑龍江鐵人中學(xué)開學(xué)考 ，66As more and more wildland has been turned into farmland, the monarch butterflies( 帝王蝶)have had trouble (find) enough milkweed.固定短語(yǔ)ha

2、ve trouble (in) doing sth. 表示"做某事有困難"。答褰 finding目不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 典例 3 2018 天津,12 I didn' t mean(eat)anything but the ice cream looked sogood that I couldn' t help(try)it.解析'句意:我(本來(lái))不打算吃任何東西，但是冰激凌看起來(lái)如此誘人以至于我禁不住嘗了嘗。從句意看，第一空填 to eat,mean to do sth.事"。答案 to eat; trying表示"

3、;打算做某事”;第二空填 trying, couldnhelp doing sth. 表示"忍不住做某考點(diǎn)2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)典例 4 2018 全國(guó) 口 ,64 Another reason for corn' s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice(improve) water quality.解析,句意:玉米(產(chǎn)量)增加的另一個(gè)原因：為了改善水質(zhì)，政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民種玉米代替水稻。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。答案 to improv

4、e現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)典區(qū)J 5 2019 河北唐山一中高三期中，64Nowadays, many stores make cloth shoes (use) machines, but Lin Qiang sticks to the technique of making shoes entirely by hand.陋橋”本句包含了 but連接的兩個(gè)并列分句，第一個(gè)分句已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞make,因此空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且主語(yǔ)stores與use為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作方式狀語(yǔ)。,. using巨過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)典例 6 2015 天津,5 (absorb)in painting, John

5、 didn ' t notice evening approaching.解析”句意:約翰在全神貫注地畫畫，沒有注意到夜幕正在降臨。句子主語(yǔ)John與absorb構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān) 系,故用過(guò)去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)。*'或 Absorbed考點(diǎn)3非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)巨動(dòng)詞-ing作定語(yǔ)典例 7 2019 山東煙臺(tái)第一中學(xué)高三質(zhì)檢，43As I was about to give up hope, a man(drive) adirty old car came to my aid.解析，句意:當(dāng)我正要放棄希望的時(shí)候，一位開著一輛又舊又臟的汽車的男士來(lái)幫助我了。a man與drive為邏輯

6、上的主謂關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞-ing作后置定語(yǔ)。答魏 driving巨過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)典例 8 2019 河北衡水中學(xué)高三期中，47But remember, only officially(recognize) practicingdoctors as well as dietitians are qualified to give medical suggestions.解析'句意:但是要記住，只有官方認(rèn)證的執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)生和營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家才有資格給出醫(yī)學(xué)建議。此處 recognize 表示" 認(rèn)可"，與practicing doctors as well as dietitians

7、為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。recognized考點(diǎn)4非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)E動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)典區(qū)J 9 2019 福建六校高三期中聯(lián)考，69He encouraged the students(study) science andcontribute to the development of China.解析'句意：他鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)，為中國(guó)的發(fā)展作貢獻(xiàn)。此處考查encourage sb. to do sth." 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事"，因此空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)。甚躡 to study巨分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)典例 102015 浙 江，18Listening to

8、 music at home is one thing; going to hear it (perform)live is quite another.解析,句意:在家里聽音樂是一回事，去聽現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演奏的音樂是另一回事。本空在句中作賓補(bǔ)，且perform 與賓語(yǔ)it構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故此處用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示被動(dòng)含義。=e performed考點(diǎn)5非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)E非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)1 .不定式作主語(yǔ)典例 11 2020 貴州貴陽(yáng)摸底考試,65In Vancouver it is unusual (see)a bear, but in some cities you can see bi

9、g animals on the city streets every day.解析'此處表示"在溫哥華，看到熊是不尋常的"。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處所在分句中的"it"為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的 主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為動(dòng)詞不定式，故填to see。to see2 .動(dòng)詞-ing作主語(yǔ)典區(qū)J 12 2019 福建廈門第一中學(xué)高三返校考,57 (offer)the opportunity to speak at thegraduation ceremony made me overjoyed.解析.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句的謂語(yǔ)為made,故其前的內(nèi)容在句中作主語(yǔ)，且off

10、er與其隱含的邏輯主語(yǔ)I為 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故此處用動(dòng)詞-ing的被動(dòng)形式作主語(yǔ)。國(guó)案 Being offered考法1考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)典例 13 2019 全國(guó) 口，61 A 90-year-old has been awarded "Woman Of The Year" for(be)Britain ' s oldest fultime employee still working 40 hours a week.解析，句意：一位90歲的老人被授予"年度女性獎(jiǎng)"，因?yàn)樗怯?guó)年齡最大的全職員工一一(目前)仍然每周工作40個(gè)小時(shí)

11、。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作介詞for的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。答案being 考法總結(jié)空前有介詞for,提示詞為be,由此可知應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語(yǔ)。典例 14 2017 甲卷(全國(guó) 口 ),63This included digging up the road,(lay) the track and thenbuilding a strong roof over the top.解折'句意:這包括掘開道路，鋪設(shè)軌道，然后在頂端建造一個(gè)結(jié)實(shí)的頂。設(shè)空處與digging up 和building 并列,作included的賓語(yǔ)，形式應(yīng)保持一致，故應(yīng)用所給詞的-ing形式。laying

12、考法總結(jié)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；設(shè)空處與digging up和building 并列，三者都作 included的賓語(yǔ)，由此可判斷此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式?？吹教崾驹~lay,考生可能會(huì)聯(lián)想到lie,結(jié)合高考題的設(shè) 題特點(diǎn)，提示詞均是動(dòng)詞原形，故此處只要考慮lay在句中的意思及用何種非謂語(yǔ)形式即可。注意:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的用法在近幾年的高考試題中考查較少，這里就不再舉例說(shuō)明，但它們也是考查的方向，不容忽視 具體講解參看考點(diǎn)幫。又 鏈接考點(diǎn)4、5考法2考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)典例 15 2017 天津，14The hospital has recently obtained

13、 new medical equipment,(allow)more patients to be treated.解析'句意:這家醫(yī)院最近得到新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備，這使更多的病人能夠得到治療。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空應(yīng)用非謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；動(dòng)tallow與其邏輯主語(yǔ)(即逗號(hào)前的整個(gè)句子)是主謂關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。洛:塌 allowing 考法總結(jié)提示詞為動(dòng)詞，空前有逗號(hào)，且前后無(wú)連詞，又因句中已有謂語(yǔ)has obtained,故此處用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)提示詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系，由此可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。考法3考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)典例 16 2019 北京，4Earth Day,(mar

14、k) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raisepublic awareness about environmental protection.睇析句意:地球日在4月22日慶祝，它是旨在提高公眾環(huán)保意識(shí)的年度盛事。mark在此作及物動(dòng)詞，意為"慶祝，紀(jì)念"。mark與Earth Day是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。此處相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句"which ismarked on 22 April" 。吃宴marked 考法總結(jié)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ);mark與其邏輯主語(yǔ)Eart

15、h Day之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，由此可確定應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞。難點(diǎn)1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致/不一致典例 17 When they got there, the village seemed deserted, the only sign of life(be) one ortwo dogs lying under the tree.解析.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,"When theyseemed deserted" 為完整的句子，其與第二個(gè)逗號(hào)后的內(nèi)容之間沒有連詞連接，且前后主語(yǔ)不一致，所以后面的內(nèi)容是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。此處表示主動(dòng)意義，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。去遹being典區(qū)J

16、182020 江蘇南京開學(xué)考，7No agreement(reach), the representatives wantedanother round of talks.解折'分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號(hào)前后兩部分之間沒有連詞，且前后主語(yǔ)不一致,"the representativestalks" 為 完整的句子，故逗號(hào)前的部分為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) ；且reach與其邏輯主語(yǔ)agreement之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去 分詞 reached 。為 圾 reached難點(diǎn)2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式典例 19 2020 廣東梅州質(zhì)量檢測(cè)，79Tsinghua University,(fo

17、und) in 1911, is one of the bestuniversities in China.解折'分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)，且found與其邏輯主語(yǔ)Tsinghua University 為動(dòng)賓 關(guān)系，故填過(guò)去分詞形式，表示被動(dòng)和動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。答案 founded明方法高分突破方法1分析結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷”謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)"典區(qū)J 20 2018 北京，6During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together (share)a meal, admire the moon

18、and enjoy moon cakes.解析,句意:在中秋節(jié)期間，家庭成員常常聚在一起吃飯、賞月并享用月餅。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為簡(jiǎn)單句，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為gather,故空處應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；再根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。to share方法2尋找邏輯主語(yǔ)，確定邏輯主語(yǔ)與所給動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系典例 21 2017 北京，32Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time(spend) withhis students.弊折，句意：吉姆已經(jīng)退休，但他仍記得與學(xué)生一起度過(guò)的快樂時(shí)光。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,spend與the

19、happy time是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且此處表示已完成的動(dòng)作，所以用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。答'點(diǎn)spent方法3分析所給動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序典例 22 He is thought(act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.解析,句意:他被認(rèn)為做了愚蠢的事，現(xiàn)在他只能責(zé)怪自己丟了那份工作。be thought to do sth. 表示"被認(rèn)為做了某事"由句意可知,act的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在think之前，故用不定式的完成式。后感 to ha

20、ve acted超習(xí)思用* m題檢瀏一1 .2019 全國(guó) 口 ,65 she had no plans (retire) from her 36-year-old business.2 .2019 全國(guó) m ,70 On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concerton a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.s

21、 children will need3 .2019 天津,4 改編 (learn) to think critically is an important skill today for the future.4.2019 江蘇,30改編(enjoy)the convenience of digitalpayment, many senior citizensstarted to use smart phones.5.2018 全國(guó) m ,64&65I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid(look) directly into

22、his eyes so he doesnt feel(challenge).6.2018 全國(guó) n ,70 China ' s approach to protecting its environment while(feed) its citizens"offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,says the banks JuergenVoegele.7. 2017 乙卷(全國(guó) I ),63Fat and salt are very important parts of a

23、diet. They are required (process) the food that we eat.8. 2017 丙卷(全國(guó) W ),61But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term (rest).9. 2017 江蘇,21Many Chinese brands, (develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.10. 2017 北京,27Ma

24、ny airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online (save) their valuable time.11. 2017 北京，30The national park has a large collection of wildlife,(range) frombutterflies to elephants.12. 2016 北京,28(order)over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.13. 2015 新課標(biāo)全國(guó)

25、 口 ,64In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to "air condition" a house without(use) electric equipment.14. 2015 北京,23The park was full of people, (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.15. 2015 江蘇,24Much time(spend) sitting at a desk, off

26、ice workers are generally troubledby health problems.16. 2015 福建,33In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared,(combine)thesense of "information" and "atmosphere".17. 2015 重慶,11Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way(use) the sun and the stars.1.to

27、retire此處表示"她沒有從她(從事了 )36年的事業(yè)中退休的計(jì)劃"。名詞plan(s)后常跟不定式作定語(yǔ),plans to do sth.意為"做某事的計(jì)劃"。2.listening listen與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。3 .Learning句意:學(xué)會(huì)批判性地思考是當(dāng)今兒童未來(lái)所需的一項(xiàng)重要技能。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是is,is之前的內(nèi)容是主語(yǔ)，故此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，表示一般性的陳述概念，故用動(dòng)詞-ing。4 .To enjoy句意:為了享受電子支付的便利，許多老年人開始使用智能手機(jī)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可

28、知，這里表示目的故用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。5.looking; challenged句意:我趕緊彎腰低頭，避免與他（大猩猩）直視，這樣他就不會(huì)感覺受到挑戰(zhàn)。 第一空在avoid后作賓語(yǔ)，avoid doing sth. 表示"避免做某事"，故此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing;第二空在系動(dòng)詞feel之后，作表語(yǔ)， 且challenge和主語(yǔ)he為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。6 .feeding該句的主語(yǔ)暗示feed的邏輯主語(yǔ)為China,feed與China為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。7 .to process 句意:食用油和鹽是飲食中非常重要的部分。我們需要它們來(lái)加工吃的食物此處考查&