重力壩設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例

1、目錄第一章 調(diào)洪計(jì)算11.1調(diào)洪演算的目的11.2調(diào)洪演算的基本原理和方法11.2.1 調(diào)洪演算原理1調(diào)洪演算方法21.3調(diào)洪的基本資料21.4 調(diào)洪演算過程21.4.1 方案一2方案二9第二章 非溢流壩段設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算172.1 壩頂高程的確定172.1.1 正常蓄水位時(shí)壩頂高程的確定172.1.2 校核蓄水位壩頂高程的確定18第三章 非溢流壩段的穩(wěn)定和應(yīng)力分析203.1 壩體自重203.2 上下游壩面水重213.2.1 設(shè)計(jì)工況213.2.2 校核工況233.3 上、下游水平靜水壓力243.3.1 設(shè)計(jì)工況243.3.2 校核工況243.4 浪壓力253.4.1 基本數(shù)據(jù)253.4.2 波浪要素

2、計(jì)算及波態(tài)判別253.5 淤沙壓力273.5.1 基本數(shù)據(jù)273.5.2 計(jì)算273.6 揚(yáng)壓力273.6.1 基本數(shù)據(jù)273.6.2 計(jì)算步驟283.6.2.1 設(shè)計(jì)工況283.6.2.2 校核工況29第四章 溢流壩段的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算314.1 溢流壩段總長(zhǎng)度（溢流孔口的總寬度）的確定314.2 閘門高度的確定314.3 定型設(shè)計(jì)水頭的確定32第五章 堰面曲線設(shè)計(jì)335.1 曲線方程335.2 堰頂下游曲線方程335.3 直線與曲線交點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)345.4反弧圓心確定34第六章 中間直線段設(shè)計(jì)35第七章 下游消能設(shè)計(jì)367.1 基本資料367.2 消力戽體型的選擇367.2.1 消力戽半徑的確定367.

3、2.2 消力戽底部高程的決定377.2.3 戽式消力池長(zhǎng)度的決定377.2.4 戽式消力池出射角的確定377.2.5 戽坎高度的確定377.3 戽式消力池與寬尾墩聯(lián)合消能比較試驗(yàn)387.4 臺(tái)階溢流壩面的設(shè)計(jì)387.5 溢流壩及消能工設(shè)計(jì)38第八章 水力校核40附錄41參考文獻(xiàn)43某重力壩設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算書學(xué) 生：潘震生指導(dǎo)老師：黃耀英三峽大學(xué)科技學(xué)院第一章 調(diào)洪計(jì)算1.1調(diào)洪演算的目的由正常蓄水位等基本資料，通過調(diào)洪演算來確定設(shè)計(jì)洪水位和校核洪水位，從而來確定壩高。1.2調(diào)洪演算的基本原理和方法 調(diào)洪演算原理(a) 庫(kù)容曲線Z-V，以及用水力學(xué)公式計(jì)算Q-Z關(guān)系；(b) 分析確定調(diào)洪開始時(shí)的起始條件

4、，起調(diào)水位357m；(c) 本次調(diào)洪計(jì)算采用水能規(guī)劃書中介紹的列表試算法計(jì)算，依據(jù)書中所給的水庫(kù)洪水調(diào)節(jié)原理，采用水量平衡方程式，當(dāng)采用開敞式溢流時(shí)，可利用下式計(jì)算 。 調(diào)洪演算方法在洪水來臨前，用閘門控制下泄流量，讓水庫(kù)保持在起調(diào)水位357m，河流來流量繼續(xù)增大于是閘門全開。先假定一個(gè)水位，根據(jù)，可以確定下泄流量，然后根據(jù)采用水量平衡方程式求出V后,從而求出了時(shí)段末的庫(kù)容，再根據(jù)庫(kù)容曲線Z-V可以求出計(jì)算水位，從而與假定水位對(duì)照如果其與假定水位相等則試算完畢，否則重新假定水位重復(fù)上面的過程直到兩者相等。1.3調(diào)洪的基本資料ST水電站壩址設(shè)計(jì)洪水過程線，水庫(kù)正常蓄水位365.00m ，起調(diào)水位

5、357m。本工程采用兩種不同的泄水建筑物的尺寸，對(duì)著兩種不同方案進(jìn)行洪水調(diào)節(jié)，最終比較結(jié)果確定最優(yōu)的泄水建筑物尺寸。(1)溢洪道堰頂高程344.00m ，采用8孔15m ×21m (寬×高)的平板閘門控制。(2)溢洪道堰頂高程343.00m ，采用7孔15m ×23m (寬×高)的平板閘門控制1.4 調(diào)洪演算過程 方案一溢洪道堰頂高程344.00m ，采用8孔15m ×21m (寬×高)的平板閘門控制表1-1 P=0.05%時(shí)的計(jì)算表時(shí)間t設(shè)計(jì)流量平均流量下泄流量平均泄量庫(kù)容萬m3庫(kù)容變化量水位m7/24 155905590 5600

6、9.203577/24 4650060456500 6045 56009.203577/24 7711068057110 6805 56009.203577/24 10804075758040 7575 56009.203577/24 13925086459250 8645 56009.203577/24 1610200972510200 9725 56009.203577/24 19109001055010900 10550 56009.203577/24 22116001125011600 11250 56009.203577/25 1127001215012182.811891.4565

7、67.7558.54 357.24 7/25 4139001330012844.3 12513.657707.91140.17 357.72 7/25 7158001485014006.0 13425.259645.41937.50 358.53 7/25 10177001675015491.514748.8 62030.62385.21 359.54 7/25 13187001820016742.9 16117.264144.32113.69 360.36 7/25 16190001885017590.817166.865666.31521.93 360.91 7/25 1919100190

8、5018164.917877.8 66676.21009.96 361.28 7/25 22192001915018560.518362.767366.9690.69 361.53 7/26 1198001950019032.6 18796.5 68195.7828.84 361.83 7/26 4207002025019676.8 19354.7 69300.91105.11 362.23 7/26 7216002115020423.1 20049.970571.91271.08 362.68 7/26 10229002225021391.4 20907.2 72201.21629.31 3

9、63.27 7/26 13245002370022618.4 22004.974233.42032.16 364.01 7/26 16261002530024023.6 23321.0 76476.02242.56 364.82 7/26 19279002700025474.424749.079095.72619.70 365.65 7/26 22295002870026953.2 26213.881846.22750.52 366.50 7/27 1309003020028459.727706.4 84481.82635.57 367.31 7/27 4320003145029807.0 2

10、9133.3 86850.22368.47 368.05 7/27 7323003215030760.5 30283.7 88512.91662.65 368.56 7/27 10324003235031401.7 31081.1 89591.01078.13 368.89 7/27 13322003230031712.6 31557.2 90117.4526.39 369.05 7/27 16321003215031857.0 31784.8 90379.8262.43 369.13 7/27 19313003170031648.0 31752.590003.9-375.91 369.02

11、7/27 22297003050030854.5 31251.388757.0-1246.9 368.63 7/28 1279002880029760.5 30307.5 86747.7-2009.3368.01 7/28 4263002710028441.3 29100.9 84435.1-2312.7 367.30 7/28 7241002520026809.5 27625.4 81508.8-2926.2 366.40 7/28 10220002305025016.825913.2 78250.6-3258.2 365.39 7/28 13205002125023266.0 24141.

12、4 75263.3-2987.3 364.38 7/28 16191001980021608.222437.172554.4-2708.9 363.40 7/28 19178001845020122.1 20865.2 70046.6-2507.9 362.49 7/28 22166001720018757.8 19439.9 67716.2-2330.4 361.65 7/29 1155001605017522.2 18140.0 65532.2-2184.0 360.87 7/29 4146001505016421.7 16971.963564.8-1967.4 360.16 7/29 7

13、138001420015378.0 15899.861860.6-1704.2 359.46 7/29 10130001340014423.014900.5 60323.7-1536.9 358.82 7/29 13123001265013581.714002.358939.5-1384.2358.23 7/29 16118001205012879.413230.557773.8-1165.8357.74 7/29 19115001165012348.812614.156857.0-916.74 357.36 7/29 22112001135011907.812128.3 56092.6-76

14、4.46 357.04 7/30 1111001115011594.2 11751.055558.9-533.71 356.81 7/30 4114001125011519.6 11556.9 55429.7-129.15 356.76 7/30 7117001155011594.211556.955544.0114.29 356.80 7/30 10119001180011703.011648.6 55756.8212.81 356.89 7/30 13122001205011894.1 11798.6 56087.1330.33 357.03 7/30 16128001250012245.

15、0 12069.6 56686.5599.41 357.29 7/30 19147001375013204.2 12724.658302.01615.51 357.97 7/30 22152001495013991.613597.9 59607.21305.11 358.52 7/31 1158001550014705.814348.760788.91181.79 359.01 7/31 4160001590015229.1 14967.461621.6832.63 359.36 7/31 7158001590015461.6 15345.361987.1365.50 359.52 7/31

16、10155001565015475.0 15468.3 62014.026.97 359.53 7/31 13154001545015446.615460.861963.7-50.37 359.51 7/31 16154001540015431.7 15439.261929.4-34.24 359.49 7/31 19156001550015491.5 15461.662046.6117.21 359.54 7/31 22159001575015656.315573.962309.9263.25 359.65 8/1 1161001600015836.7 15746.5 62594.3284.

17、40 359.77 8/1 4163001620016032.915934.862882.8288.47 359.89 8/1 7164001635016169.2 16101.163132.0249.25 360.00 8/1 10166001650016336.4 16252.8 63416.8284.74 360.10 8/1 13168001670016511.716424.0 63728.1311.37 360.21 8/1 16169001685016657.0 16584.4 63990.5262.42 360.31 8/1 19171001700016825.8 16741.4

18、64286.7296.13 360.42 8/1 22173001720016999.8 16912.8 64610.9324.22 360.53 8/2 1174001735017149.617074.7 64881.3270.41 360.63 8/2 4174001740017242.5 17196.1 65051.4170.08 360.69 8/2 7173001735017258.017250.3 65096.745.34 360.71 8/2 10170001715017169.7 17213.9 64913.4-183.32 360.64 8/2 131670016850169

19、95.2 17082.5 64594.6-318.78 360.53 8/2 16166001665016841.216918.264334.1-260.48 360.43 說明最高水位出現(xiàn)在7月27日16時(shí)到19時(shí)之間,下面對(duì)此時(shí)間段進(jìn)行調(diào)洪演算時(shí)間t設(shè)計(jì)流量平均流量下泄流量平均泄量庫(kù)容萬m3庫(kù)容變化量水位m7/27 16321003215031857.0 31784.890379.8 262.43 369.13 7/27 173183331966.531857.031857.090371.2-8.64 369.13 7/27 183156631699.531780.0 31828.5902

20、86.9-92.87 369.11 7/27 19313003143331724.0 31762.090134.3 -236.87 369.06 所以由上面的調(diào)洪演算可知道大壩校核洪水位為369.13m對(duì)應(yīng)的下泄流量為31857.01m3/s表1-2 P=0.2%時(shí)的計(jì)算表時(shí)間設(shè)計(jì)流量平均流量下泄流量平均泄量庫(kù)容萬m3庫(kù)容變化量水位m7/24 14880488056009.203577/24 4567052755670527556009.203577/24 7620059356200593556009.203577/24 10701066057010660556009.203577/24 13

21、806075358060753556009.203577/24 16892084908920849056009.203577/24 19946091909460919056009.203577/24 2210100978010100978056009.203577/25 11110010600111001060056009.203577/25 4121001160011949.0 11524.556172.3163.14 357.07 7/25 7138001295012664.912306.9 57398.31225.91 357.58 7/25 10153001455013696.3131

22、80.6 59130.31732.00 358.31 7/25 13162001575014691.1 14193.760759.91629.66 359.00 7/25 16164001630015379.515035.361862.11102.18 359.46 7/25 19165001645015836.715608.162578.5716.40 359.77 7/25 22166001655016138.915987.8 63076.5498.00 359.98 7/26 1171001685016504.1 16321.563720.1643.62 360.21 7/26 4178

23、001745016995.216749.664589.3869.22 360.53 7/26 7186001820017595.517295.365674.21084.88 360.92 7/26 10197001915018395.6 17995.567083.01408.80 361.43 7/26 13210002035019392.418894.068819.21736.18 362.05 7/26 16224002170020564.219978.370801.81982.62 362.77 7/26 19240002320021909.621236.973059.42257.59

24、363.58 7/26 22254002470023300.322605.075327.12267.68 364.40 7/27 1266002600024597.0 23948.677490.32163.26 365.16 7/27 4275002705024567.324582.280657.63167.28 366.13 7/27 7278002765026881.325724.381649.8992.18 366.44 7/27 10279002785027259.527070.482341.5691.70 366.65 7/27 13277002780027422.227340.9

25、82641.5300.05 366.75 7/27 16276002765027494.627458.4 82755.4113.87 366.78 7/27 19269002725027272.227383.4 82353.5-401.95 366.66 7/27 22256002625026648.1 26960.1 81221.6-1131.9 366.31 7/28 1240002480025651.126149.679438.4-1783.1365.76 7/28 4226002330024527.2 25089.177357.0-2081.4365.11 7/28 720700216

26、5023009.723768.474862.6-2494.4364.23 7/28 10189001980021383.1 22196.472180.9-2681.7 363.27 7/28 13177001830019942.920663.069758.5-2422.4 362.39 7/28 16165001710018616.1 19279.5 67473.2-2285.4361.57 7/28 19154001595017397.718006.965315.6-2157.5 360.79 7/28 22144001490016275.5 16836.6 63290.1-2025.636

27、0.06 7/29 1135001395015154.8 15715.1 61502.9-1787.2 359.31 7/29 4127001310014171.2 14663.0 59914.1-1588.9 358.64 7/29 7120001235013313.5 13742.358495.5-1418.6358.05 7/29 10113001165012529.5 12921.557167.6-1327.9 357.49 7/29 13107001100011825.7 12177.6 55951.8-1215.8 356.98 7/29 16103001050011243.011

28、534.4 54933.4-1018.4 356.55 7/29 1999901014510762.7 11002.954098.9-834.53 356.20 7/29 229800989510407.110584.9 53443.2-655.69 355.92 7/30 19650972510120.3 10263.7 52935.2-507.97 355.71 7/30 49920978510050.4 10085.4 52794.4-140.78 355.65 7/30 7102001006010107.4 10078.9 52894.5100.04 355.69 7/30 10104

29、001030010211.3 10159.3 53098.3203.80 355.77 7/30 13106001050010354.8 10283.0 53363.1264.84 355.89 7/30 16112001090010675.410515.153929.7566.54 356.12 7/30 19128001200011479.0 11077.255356.41426.71 356.73 7/30 22133001305012177.3 11828.1 56568.91212.50 357.24 7/31 1138001355012809.2 12493.3 57639.010

30、70.08 357.69 7/31 4139001385013232.5 13020.9 58359.8720.87 357.99 7/31 7137001380013417.4 13325.0 58665.0305.21 358.12 7/31 10135001360013445.913431.7 58723.458.41 358.14 7/31 13134001345013431.7 13438.8 58689.3-34.19 358.13 7/31 16134001340013417.4 13424.5 58670.5-18.79 358.12 7/31 1913600135001348

31、8.7 13453.1 58790.6120.17 358.17 7/31 22138001370013611.7 13550.2 58994.0203.35 358.26 8/1 1140001390013760.9 13686.3 59252.2258.19 358.37 8/1 4142001410013941.0 13851.0 59531.9279.72 358.48 8/1 7143001425014078.4 14009.759771.3239.36 358.58 8/1 10144001435014208.914143.7 59977.6206.35 358.67 8/1 13

32、145001445014325.3 14267.1 60166.3188.66 358.75 8/1 16147001460014471.3 14398.3 60413.3247.05 358.85 8/1 19148001475014603.0 14537.160626.1212.76 358.94 8/1 22150001490014764.6 14683.8 60880.3254.26 359.05 8/2 1151001505014897.2 14830.961099.3219.01 359.14 8/2 4151001510014981.414939.361227.5128.06 3

33、59.20 8/2 7150001505014988.8 14985.161239.512.08 359.20 8/2 10148001490014912.014950.4 61118.6-120.93 359.15 8/2 13145001465014749.9 14830.960848.7-269.85 359.04 8/2 16144001445014603.0 14676.4 60629.5-219.24 358.95 說明最高水位出現(xiàn)在7月27日16時(shí)到19時(shí)之間,下面對(duì)此時(shí)間段進(jìn)行調(diào)洪演算時(shí)間設(shè)計(jì)流量平均流量下泄流量平均泄量庫(kù)容萬m3庫(kù)容變化量水位m7/27 16276002765

34、027494.627458.482755.4113.88366.787/27 1727366.727483.327474.727484.682716.5-38.87366.777/27 182713327249.827422.227448.482612.4-104.10366.747/27 192690027016.527252.627337.282353.5-401.95366.66所以由上面的調(diào)洪演算可知道大壩設(shè)計(jì)洪水位為366.78m對(duì)應(yīng)的下泄流量為27494.56m3/s。在方案一：溢洪道堰頂高程344.00m ，采用8孔15m ×21m (寬×高)的平板閘門控制下

35、：大壩設(shè)計(jì)洪水位為366.78m對(duì)應(yīng)的下泄流量為27494.56m3/s；大壩校核洪水位為369.13m對(duì)應(yīng)的下泄流量為31857.01m3/s。方案二溢洪道堰頂高程343m ，采用7孔15m ×23m （寬×高）的平板閘門控制表1-3 P=0.05%時(shí)的計(jì)算表時(shí)間t設(shè)計(jì)流量平均流量下泄流量平均泄量庫(kù)容萬m3庫(kù)容變化量水位m7/24 15590559056009.203577/24 4650060456500604556009.203577/24 7711068057110680556009.203577/24 10804075758040757556009.203577/

36、24 13925086459250864556009.203577/24 1610200972510200972556009.203577/24 191090010550109001055056009.203577/24 221160011250116001125056009.203577/25 1127001215011990.511795.3 56775.4766.21 357.32 7/25 4139001330012687.9 12339.258084.51309.04 357.87 7/25 7158001485013843.913265.9 60197.02112.58 358.7

37、6 7/25 10177001675015304.714574.3 62784.02586.95 359.85 7/25 13187001820016513.6 15909.1 65145.42361.37 360.73 7/25 16190001885017393.216953.4 66880.71735.39 361.35 7/25 19191001905018008.1 17700.668060.01179.26 361.78 7/25 22192001915017649.7 17828.969734.31674.32 362.38 7/26 1198001950019215.01843

38、2.470366.1631.79 362.61 7/26 4207002025018819.5 19017.3 72397.02030.90 363.34 7/26 7216002115020778.8 19799.2 73283.9886.93 363.66 7/26 10229002225021568.2 21173.5 74722.31438.38 364.18 7/26 13245002370022669.5 22118.8 76699.31976.95 364.90 7/26 16261002530023863.2 23266.3 79115.12415.79 365.66 7/26

39、 19279002700025263.6 24563.4 81962.42847.29 366.54 7/26 22295002870026751.2 26007.4 84931.12968.75 367.45 7/27 1309003020028225.0 27488.1 87820.12888.98 368.34 7/27 4320003145029589.128907.190423.92603.77 369.15 7/27 7323003215030570.4 30079.792291.81867.99 369.73 7/27 10324003235031216.130893.2 935

40、70.51278.64 370.10 7/27 13322003230031544.931380.594278.0707.47 370.29 7/27 16321003215031735.9 31640.494671.2393.28 370.40 7/27 19313003170031590.031662.994358.0-313.22 370.32 7/27 22297003050030950.431270.293007.6-1350.4 369.95 7/28 1279002880029844.1 30397.2 90908.0-2099.6 369.30 7/28 42630027100

41、28559.8 29202.0 88467.4-2440.6 368.54 7/28 7241002520026974.7 27767.3 85362.8-3104.6 367.59 7/28 10220002305025223.4 26099.0 81881.5-3481.3 366.51 7/28 13205002125023584.1 24403.7 78550.7-3330.8 365.48 7/28 16191001980021972.7 22778.4 75448.3-3102.5 364.44 7/28 19178001845020417.8 21195.2 72621.1-28

42、27.2 363.42 7/28 22166001720019024.3 19721.070002.9-2618.2 362.48 7/29 1155001605017749.8 18387.067573.1-2429.8361.60 7/29 4146001505016631.1 17190.4 65379.5-2193.6 360.81 7/29 7138001420015646.5 16138.863385.3-1994.3 360.09 7/29 10130001340014642.0 15144.3 61611.9-1773.3 359.36 7/29 131230012650137

43、64.9 14203.4 60029.8-1582.1 358.69 7/29 16118001205013027.3 13396.158704.3-1325.5 358.13 7/29 19115001165012471.012749.157655.7-1048.7 357.69 7/29 22112001135012003.112237.056788.3-867.35 357.33 7/30 1111001115011674.2 11838.6 56168.2-620.12 357.07 7/30 4114001125011574.7 11624.5 55979.5-188.72 356.

44、99 7/30 7117001155011620.7 11597.7 56065.185.65 357.02 7/30 10119001180011721.5 11671.1 56257.9192.76 357.10 7/30 13122001205011890.2 11805.9 56592.5334.58 357.25 7/30 16128001250012226.2 12058.2 57212.2619.73 357.51 7/30 19147001375013138.5 12682.4 58898.61686.40 358.22 7/30 22152001495013904.6 135

45、21.5 60297.71399.08 358.81 7/31 1158001550014615.1 14259.8 61577.41279.67 359.34 7/31 4160001590015141.5 14878.3 62504.6927.21 359.74 7/31 7158001590015400.215270.8 62936.4431.84 359.92 7/31 10155001565015435.715417.963005.969.49 359.95 7/31 13154001545015422.0 15428.862982.1-23.75 359.94 7/31 16154

46、001540015413.8 15417.9 62967.2-14.90 359.93 7/31 19156001550015482.1 15448.0 63094.5127.30 359.98 7/31 22159001575015646.5 15564.3 63368.3273.73 360.10 8/1 1161001600015819.8 15733.263670.9302.62 360.23 8/1 4163001620016004.8 15912.3 63989.8318.87 360.36 8/1 7164001635016157.116080.9 64252.1262.32 360.47 8/1 10166001650016254.316205.764625.4373.34 360.54 8/1 13168001670016445.1 16349.7 65008.7383.27 360.68 8/1 16169001685016603.1 165