Listen-This-Way-Book-2-Unit-9-文本及答案

1、Tapescript Listen This Way (Book 2)Unit 9 About YourselfPart I Getting readyA. Words & phrasesB. Guess the meaning of these phrases. (numbers and body words) Key:1. A: Do you know how many teeth youve got?B: How many teeth? Ooh, ooh. 24? More? (A: Yes.) 32?A: Yes.2. A: Do you know how many bones

2、 there are in your body?B: How many bones? Ill take a guess. 153.A: 206.3. A: How often does your heart beat?B: 98 times a minute.A: No, 70 times a minute.4. Bob: Do you know how what the boss thinks you should do, Billy?Billy: Just you keep your great nose out of this, Bob, will you?(Meaning: not i

3、nterfere in)5. Anne: Steven Kent, I never, never want to see you in my life again. Steven: Oh no.Marry: You really have put your foot in it, havent you?(Meaning: cause embarrassment by doing or saying something tactless)6. Kate: Dave! Can you give me a hand, please?Dave: What?Kate: I said can you gi

4、ve me a hand.Dave: All right, Im coming. No need to shout. (Meaning: ask for help)7. Max: Are there any jobs in you company then, for an intelligent, hard-working young man like my son Julian?Frank: No, I havent heard of any at all recently. Max: Well, could you keep your ears open, just in case? (M

5、eaning: listen with care)8. Carol: Have you heard about Maggie then?Norma: Maggie? Maggie Thatcher?Carol: No. Maggie Brown. Shes in love again.Norma: Oh not again. Who with this time?Carol: With her boss. Head over heels in love with him, she is.(Meaning: completely)9. Nick: Have you ever lent money

6、 to Mick?Jill: Mick? Huh! I wouldnt lend any if I were you.Nick: Why not? Doesnt he pay it back?Jill: No. Never. Hes up to his neck in debts.(Meaning: deeply involved in)10. Liz: Shes a good doctor. Never looks at her watch. Never complaining. Nothing's too much trouble for her.Pat: I know, yeah

7、. Not many like her about. Shes all heart, really. All heart.(Meaning: with the deepest devotion)Part II The digestive system and diarrheaA. Match column A with column B. Column A Column B1. gut symptoms 4 absorbing digested food into blood stream 3 contaminated food 2. the digestive system 5 drinki

8、ng enough 2 a long tube coiling up in the abdomen 3. causes of diarrhea 4 carrying away waste products 1 constipation 4. jobs of the digestive system 3 infection by viruses or parasites 4 breaking down food 5. treatment for diarrhea 4 adding enzymes 1 diarrhea Tapescript:Our body is made up of thous

9、ands of different parts. All these parts work together to keep us alive and to help us move around. The parts of the human body are like the parts of a very complicated machine. Like any other machine, however, if it is inexpertly cared for, over-taxed or insufficiently used, it will become rusty, s

10、luggish or clogged and parts of its mechanism may even grind to a halt. That is why it is so important to keep every part of the human machine healthy and properly cared for. To keep in good running order, the body requires the raw materials for growth and the replacement of tissues when necessary.

11、Our bodies burn food like fuel to produce the energy we need. The human digestive system is a bit like a very long tube, but it's a lot more complex. It's several meters long, and most of it is carefully coiled up in our abdomen. It has several important jobs to do. First, it must digest or

12、break down our food. Digestion starts the moment food enters our mouth. Then it continues as the food is squeezed along the gut by muscles in the wall of the intestine. As the food travels through the gut, natural chemicals called enzymes are added to it, which help break down the food. Then this di

13、gested food and water must be absorbed from the gut into our blood stream so that it can be used by the body. Finally, the gut must carry away any waste products in the form of feces. Usually our intestine does all these things very efficiently. But sometimes things can go wrong. Probably the most c

14、ommon gut symptoms are diarrhea and constipation. With diarrhea, the food and water travels too quickly through the intestine, often making the feces watery, and making it necessary to open the bowels more frequently. There are lots of causes of diarrhea. Probably the commonest causes of diarrhea ar

15、e contaminated food or water, and infection caused by viruses or parasites.Many cases of diarrhea clear up within a few days without any special medicines. But the body loses a lot of fluid through diarrhea, so there is a very real risk of the body drying out or becoming dehydrated. Because of this

16、risk of dehydration, the best treatment for diarrhea is simply to make sure you are drinking enough. Avoiding dehydration in this way can be a life saver.B. Complete the statements. Causes of diarrhea ·There are infections, and this is food poisoning, which is caused by sort of bacteria or orga

17、nism.·Some foods themselves might irritate the gut and tend to give you diarrhea. ·Some people when they get very nervous ad stressed about something tend to get diarrhea. ·People who suffer from the irritable bowel syndrome tend to get tummy pains and diarrhea. Treatment of diarrhea&

18、#183;Most attacks of diarrhea are not serious and they clear up by themselves within one or two days.·The most important thing is to drink lots of fluid.·It is better not to eat too much and not to worry about that. ·Ideally, the fluids you drink should contain a little bit of salt an

19、d sugar.·You can get special rehydrating fluids, which are specially mixed. ·You can get your own fluids by adding just a teaspoonful of sugar and a pinch of salt. Tapescript:There are lots of different causes of diarrhea. Um, there are infections that can happen, and this is food poisonin

20、g, if you like, where in your food you eat some sort of bacteria or organisms, which infect you. Some foods can just irritate the gut and tend to give you diarrhea, although they are not infected. It's just the food itself (that) might irritate your system. Some people, if they get very nervous

21、and stressed about something, find they tend to get diarrhea. Something called the irritable bowel syndrome where something goes wrong with the way the gut works. And people that suffer from this tend to get, um, tummy pains, and they get sometimes diarrhea, sometimes constipation. All sorts of caus

22、es. Most attacks of diarrhea, um, particularly in adults, are not serious and they clear up by themselves within one or two days. The most important thing is to drink lots of fluid, because if you have got diarrhea, you're obviously losing a lot of fluid. And so it's better really not to eat

23、 too much, not to worry about that, but to make sure you drink plenty of fluid. And ideally, this should have a little bit of salt and sugar in. You can get special rehydrating fluids, which are specially mixed. But if you want to make your own by adding just a teaspoonful of sugar and a pinch of sa

24、lt, then it's obviously perfectly reasonable to do that.Part III Immunity A. Study the definitions of the words and phrases carefully.B. Answer the questions. Questions1. Since we have the immune system, why do we still need vaccination?Because there are some things which we are not naturally im

25、mune to.We need vaccination because A: There are some things which we are not naturally immune to and thats where vaccination comes in, isnt?B: Exactly2. How does a vaccination work?A version of an illness is given to the body and the body thinks that it is actually being infected with that infectio

26、n. The next time it sees it, the body can respond very quickly.B: Vaccination plays on the bodys ability to remember infection. So what happens is that someone is given a version of an illness, for instance, measles or polio, or tuberculosis, and the body thinks that it is actually being infected wi

27、th that infection. And the next time it sees it, the body can respond very quickly. All the troops of its immune system can come into play.3. Can we produce vaccines from any disease? Give an example.No. We cant produce a vaccine for AIDS for instance.A: Were able to assist the body in its tight aga

28、inst the illness in many cases, but there are some diseases which we dont seem to produce a vaccine for. AIDS is one of them. Why not?4. Why is it so difficult to attack AIDS?Because the HIV, which causes AIDS, attack the human immune system. And the virus itself can change very easily. Its difficul

29、t to find a vaccine, which can recognize all type of HIV.B: The problem is AIDS, which is caused by the HIV virus, attacks the human immune system, which means that our normal defenses arent there to fight off that infection. The other problem with trying to produce a vaccine against HIV or AIDS is

30、that virus, HIV, can change so easily. Thats very difficult to find a vaccine which can recognize all the different types of HIV. So one vaccine may be effective against one type of the virus but it may absolutely be no good for another type.Tapescript:The human body is constantly under attack from

31、invading germs and infections. And the only reason we don't suffer from constant illness is our bodies have their own defense mechanism to fight off disease. This resistance to infection is called immunity. A: How does immunity work? B: Well, the immune system is the body's own secret army,

32、which fights infection. And it consists of a whole range of troops, soldiers, their cells and their molecules. Now the headquarters of this army is really the blood. That's where it does most of its fighting. And sometimes it needs some reserve, and that comes from the bone marrow. That's wh

33、ere the immune cells are made. A: So there are many different kinds of cells, different kinds of molecules in the immune system. I guessed the ones that we're probably more familiar with are white blood cells. B: That's right. White blood cells form a major part of the body's defense. Bu

34、t there are also antibodies in their life, more proteins. They just lash onto the invaders. The white cells can sometimes actually gobble up invaders. The clever thing is that once the infection has attacked our body, the immune system seems to have a memory of the invader, so that the next time it

35、sees the invader it can attack very quickly. A: There are some things which we're not naturally immune to and that's where vaccination comes in, isn't it? B: Exactly. Vaccination plays on the body's ability to remember infection. So what happens is that someone is given a version of

36、an illness, for instance, measles or polio, or tuberculosis, and the body thinks that it is actually being infected with that infection. And the next time it sees it, the body can respond very quickly. All the troops of its immune system can come into play. A: Now sometimes the immune system doesn&#

37、39;t work very well, does it? B: No. Its a remarkably complex system. And sometimes it can go wrong. Either it can be overactive, so it actually starts to attack our own body self, or it can be underactive sometimes, and we are more likely to be infected in that situation. A: Are there any important

38、 illnesses which result from the immune system so that it's turning on our bodies themselves? B: There are. One example would be a disease like multiple-sclerosis, where the body's own immune system attacks the lining of nerves, which means that people's nerves don't work properly. A

39、: We're able to assist the body in its fight against the illness in many cases, but there are some diseases which we don't seem to be able to produce a vaccine for. AIDS is one of them. Why not? B: The problem is AIDS, which is caused by the HIV virus, attacks the human immune system, which

40、means that our normal defenses aren't there to fight off that infection. The other problem with trying to produce a vaccine against HIV or AIDS is that the virus, HIV, can change itself so easily. That's very difficult to find a vaccine which can recognize all the different types of HIV. So

41、one vaccine may be effective against one type of the virus but it may absolutely be no good for another type. B. Complete the diagram. Then put the number of each phrase below in the proper place. C. A more authentic version (completing the diagram) Key:troopssoldiers headquarters reservebackup cell

42、smolecules blood bone marrowWorking wellNot working wellGobbling up invade Immune system Overactive attack body selfHaving a memory Underactive of invaders more likely to be infected1. the virus that causes AIDS2. remembering the chemical makeup of invading germs and attacking them very quickly3. fi

43、ghting invading disease4. destroying the bodys immune system5. protecting the body against specific infections6. putting the body at greater risk from other common infections the immune system 2 3 vaccination 5 HIV 1 4 6 Tapescript:Presenter: The human body is constantly under attack from invading g

44、erms and infections. And the only reason we don't suffer from constant illness is our bodies have their own defense mechanism to fight off disease. This resistance to infection is called immunity. And here with me to discuss how it works is Grime Easton. He is a family doctor, and a member of th

45、e Science In It here in the BBC World Service. Grime, how does immunity work? Grime: Well, the immune system is the body's own secret army, if you like, which fights infection. And it consists of a whole range of troops, soldiers, their cells and their molecules. Um, now the headquarters of this

46、 army is really the blood. That's where it does most of the fighting. And sometimes it needs some reserve, some backup, and that comes from the bone marrow. That's where the immune cells' factories are. Presenter: So there are many different kinds of cells, and different kinds of molecul

47、es tied up in the immune system. I guessed the ones that we're probably more familiar with are white blood cells. Grime: That's right. White blood cells form a major part of the body's defense. But there are also antibodies in their life, more proteins, which just lash onto the invaders.

48、 Um, but, as you say, the white cells can sometimes actually gobble up invaders. So the clever thing is that once the infection has attacked our body, the immune system seems to have a memory of the invader, so that the next time it sees the invader it can attack very quickly. The immune system in t

49、he human body fights invading disease. Immunity occurs because the immune system can remember the chemical makeup of invading germs and attack them very quickly. Presenter: There are some things which we're not naturally immune to and that's where vaccination comes in, isn't it? Grime: E

50、xactly. Vaccination plays on the body's ability to remember infection. So what happens is that someone is given a version of an illness, for instance, measles or polio, or tuberculosis, and the body thinks that it is actually being infected with that infection. And the next time it sees it, um,

51、the body can respond very quickly. And all the troops of its immune system can come into play. Vaccination can be used to protect the body against specific infections. Presenter: Now sometimes the immune system doesn't work very well, does it? Grime: No. It's a remarkably complex system. It&

52、#39;s a very complicated system. And sometimes it can go wrong. Either it can be overactive, so it actually starts to attack our own body self, or it can be underactive sometimes, and we are more likely to be infected in that situation. Presenter: Are there any important illnesses which result from

53、the immune system so that it's turning on our bodies themselves? Grime: There are. And one example would be a disease like multiple-sclerosis, where the body's own immune system, we think, attacks the lining of nerves, which means that people's nerves don't work properly. Presenter:

54、We're able to assist the body in its fight against the illness in many cases, but there are some diseases which we don't seem to be able to produce a vaccine for. Um, AIDS is one of them. Why not? Grime: Well, the problem is AIDS, which is caused by the HIV virus, is that HIV itself attacks

55、the human immune system, which means that our normal defenses aren't there to fight off that infection, or indeed many other sorts of infection. The other problem with trying to produce a vaccine against HIV or AIDS is that the virus, HIV, can change itself so easily. Um, that's very difficu

56、lt to find a vaccine which can recognize all the different types of HIV, which there are. So one vaccine may be effective against one type of the virus but it may absolutely be no good for another type. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV destroys the body's immune system, and puts the body a

57、t greater risk from other common infections. Presenter: I was talking to Dr. Grime Easton of the Science In It about immunity. The reason why he, I, and I hope you, are able to remain as healthy as we are.Part IV More about the topic: The Circulatory SystemSupply the missing words. Para. 1: parts, waste, body, needed, heart, defense, cells, invaders Para. 2: two, lungs, blood, back, arteries Para. 3: