2014-上海市高考英語試題及答案

1、絕密啟用前上海卷）2014-2015年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（ 英 語（含答案）考生注意：1 .考試時(shí)間120分鐘，試卷滿分150分。2 .本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。試卷分為第I卷（第1-12頁）和第II卷（第13頁），全卷共13頁。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上 一律不得分。3 .答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)和姓名，井將核對(duì)后的條形碼貼在指定位置上， 在答題紙反面清楚地填寫姓名。第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear

2、ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide

3、which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.B. A judge.B. Puzzled.1. A. A policewoman.2. A. Confident.3. A. At a restaurant.C. In a bank.4. A. A disaster.5. A. Catch the train.C. Get some stationery.6. A. Ask for something cheaper.C. Protect herself from being hurt.7. A. Use a comput

4、er in the lab.C. Help him revise his report.8. A. Amused.B. Embarrassed.B. A new roof.C. A reporter.D. A waitress.C. Satisfied.D. Worried.B. At a car rental agency.D. In a driving school.C. A performance. D. A TV station.B. Meet Jane.D. Clean the backyard.B. Buy the vase she really likes.D. Bargain

5、with the shop assistant.B. Take a chemistry course.D. Get her computer repaired.C. Shocked.D. Sympathetic.9. A. She doesnt plan to continue studying next year.B. She has already told the man about her plan.C. She isnt planning to leave her university.D. She recently visited a different university.10

6、. A. It spoke highly of the mayor.B. It misinterpreted the mayors speech.C. It made the mayors view clearer.D. It carried the mayors speech accurately.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will

7、 be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 70.B. 20.12. A. The houses

8、 there cant be sold.C. The cabins and facilities are shared.13. A. A skiing resort.C. A splendid mountain.C. 25.D. 75.B. It is a place for work and holiday.D. It is run by the residents themselves.B. A special community.D. A successful businesswoman.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following

9、 news.14. A. Those who often sent text messages.B. Those who suffered from heart disease.C. Those who did no physical exercise.D. Those who were unmarried.15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. B. They sent more messages.C. They typed 10 percent faster on average. D. They edited more passages

10、.16. A. Why chemical therapy works.B. Why marriage helps fight cancer.C. How unmarried people survive cancer.D. How cancer is detected after marriage.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you

11、 are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Travellers Survey SheetTravel purpose: for a(n) _17_ in LondonComme

12、nts on the airport environment / facilities:Likes:_18_19_ walkwaysDislikes: _20_ shops small trolleysBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.What is critical thinking in reading?Assessing the writers ideas and thi

13、nking about the _21_ of what the writer is saying.What is the first step in reading an academic text critically?Finding out the argument and the writers main line of _22_.What may serve as the evidence?_23_ , survey results, examples, etcWhat is the key to critical thinking?To read actively and _24_

14、II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits

15、each blank.(A)My stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26)(earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local ca

16、f as a waiter. I believed! that (27)I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28)(exhaust) shoulders. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at

17、university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had said that (29)I wanted to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps, (30) my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived i

18、n the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration. I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32)I realise that a quiet

19、 town life was the best for me.(B)The giant vending machine (自動(dòng)售貨機(jī))is a new village shopVillagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in the form of the countrys first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshi

20、re village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is (33) electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (34)(equip) with security cameras and alarms, and looks like

21、 a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35)is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said: I had this idea a few years ago but I coul

22、dnt find a manufacturer who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36). The result is what amounts to a huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term automatic shop is far (37)(appropriate).In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38)(force) village shops across t

23、he country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39) (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new community stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their own volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Foxhope

24、s his new invention will offer a solution (40)those villages without a local shop.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.alertB. classifyC. commitD. delicatelyE. gentleF. imp

25、oseG.labelsH. moderationI. relieveJ. signalsK. simplyLets say youve decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you dont have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food _41_ at the supermarket. Since you really _42_ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy

26、, wouldnt it? This is where a choice architect can help _43_ some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanu

27、t butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled upis a choice architect.Governments dont have to _44_ healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things.

28、In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with _45_ hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish

29、governments have introduced a so-called traffic light system to _46_ foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains _47_ by looking at the lights on the package. A green light _48_ that the amounts of the three nutrien

30、ts are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be _49_; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in _50_. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.III. Reading ComprehensionSection

31、ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political probl

32、ems of the day, not heated debates about films weve just watched or books weve just finished reading, but plain and simple _51_.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we _52_ do with it? We gossip. About others behaviour and private lives, such as whos doing what with whom, whos

33、 in and whos out-and why; how to deal with difficult _53_ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural _54_ , of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues

34、 of life? Its not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really _55_ issues.Dunbar _56_ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of s

35、ocial development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We dont spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we ca

36、n talk, argues Dunbar _57_, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the _58_ of the higher primates （靈長類動(dòng)物）like monkeys.By means of grooming-cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on w

37、hom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or _59_ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar _60_ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the

38、 group, the greater the _61_ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to _62_ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be

39、_63_ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more _64_ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal （有聲的） grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible

40、by one-to-one _65_ contact.51. A. claimB. descriptionC. gossipD. language52. A. occasionallyB. habituallyC. independentlyD. originally53. A. socialB. politicalC. historicalD. cultural54. A. admirersB. mastersC. usersD. wasters55. A. vitalB. sensitiveC. idealD. difficult56. A. confirmsB. rejectsC. ou

41、tlinesD. broadens57. A. for instanceB. in additionC. on the contraryD. as a result58. A. motivationB. appearanceC. emotionD. behaviour59. A. attackB. contactC. inspectionD. assistance60. A. recallsB. deniesC. concludesD. confesses61. A. prospectB. responsibilityC. leadershipD. protection62. A. measu

42、reB. showC. maintainD. ease63. A. savedB. extendedC. consumedD. gained64. A. commonB. efficientC. scientificD. thoughtful65. A. indirectB. dailyC. physicalD. secretSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each

43、 of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）.Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Natureagree?Animals cant talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie wit

44、h theirbodiesand behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree thatmanyanimals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals.Why?Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. Forexample,chimparceea bir

45、d called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect itsyoung.When a predator （獵食動(dòng)物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest.How?Itpretends to have a broken wing.The predator follows the hurt adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind

46、 of bird, thescrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jaysarealsothieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds

47、called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They dont make nests. Instead, they get into other birds nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. Afte

48、r a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winners hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they

49、 love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps dont hear them, and they dont need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying You cant fool Mother

50、Nature. But maybe you cant trust her, either. 66. A plover protects its young from a predator by.A. getting closer to its youngB. driving away the adult predatorC. leaving its young in another nestD. pretending to be injured67. By Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky (paragraph 5), the author

51、means.A. chimps are ready to attack othersB. chimps are sometimes dishonestC. chimps are jealous of the winnersD. chimps can be selfish too68. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B. The losing chimp won the fight by tak

52、ing the winners hand.C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do animals lie?B. Does Mother Nature fool animals?C. How do animals learn to lie?D. How does hones

53、ty help animals survive?(B)隙宿(NEW YEARSRESOLUTION THAT LASTSLets say you want to hit the more regularly this year. How make that happen? Consider the habit loop to use.Heres how it works:A habit is a 3-step process. First, cue, something that tells your operate automatically. Then routine. And final

54、ly, a reward, helps your brain learn to desire behavior. Its what you can use create-or break-habits of yourHeres how to apply it: Choose a cue, like leaving your shoes by the door, then pick. a reward-say, a piece of chocolate you get home from the gym. way, the cue and the reward interconnected. F

55、inally, when the shoes, your brain will start for the reward, which will make to work out day after day. The In a couple of weeks, you wont chocolate at all. Your brain will see the workout itself as the Which is the whole point,70. Which of the following best the box with a ?” in THE LOOP?A. Pick a

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