高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)精品語法冠詞名詞代詞形容詞副詞介詞匯總講解及練習(xí).資料

1、 冠詞1.不用冠詞的情況（1）專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前，一般不加冠詞。China , America, Smith（2）季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐名稱前一般不加冠詞。March, May Day, National Day, Childrens Day, Womens Day Have you had supper?Spring is the best season of the year.（3）稱呼語及表示頭銜職務(wù)的名詞作賓語、補(bǔ)語及同位語時，一般不加冠詞。Whats this, Father? We made him our chairman.Profe

2、ssor Li.（4）學(xué)科名稱、球類、棋類名稱前不加冠詞。Do you study physics?He likes playing football/chess.（5）復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指一類人或事物時前不用冠詞。They are peasants/ workers.（6）在與by連用的交通工具名稱前不加冠詞。by car, by bus,by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land但：take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/ bus需注意。（7）某些固定詞組中不用冠詞。名詞詞組中： husband and wife, b

3、rother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork介詞詞組中：to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to,at, from)university（college）,to（in, into, from）church, to(in,into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town,at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnigh

4、t), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot注意：在有些詞組中，有無冠詞含義不同。in hospital 住院（因?。?in the hospital在醫(yī)院（工作、參觀等） in front of在前面，指某物體之外in the front of在前部，指某物之內(nèi)2.定冠詞的使用情況特指或第二次提到。序數(shù)詞前、最高級前、獨(dú)一無二的東西前。用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前或某些專有名詞前。 the+形容詞表示一類人the rich, the poor, the young 富人，窮人，年輕人the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)表示 這一家人 the Smiths/the Whites

5、（表示一家人或夫婦倆）用在表示計量的名詞前，如by the hour，by the day，by the dozen，by the yard等，但是如表示單位的名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，之前不用冠詞，如by weight/height等。He was paid by the hour/week/month.用在表示某世紀(jì)、年代、時期或朝代的名詞前。 in the 1990s3.不定冠詞常用的幾種情況（1）表示“一”相當(dāng)于“one”。Ill return in a day or two.（2）表示“每”相當(dāng)于“per”。We have three meals a day.（3）表示“同一性”相當(dāng)于“th

6、e same”。The children are of an age. （4）表示類指，表示“某類”。He wants to he a doctor.（5）表示泛指，相當(dāng)于“any”。A horse is a useful animal.（6）表示某一個，相當(dāng)于“a certain”。A Mr. Smith is asking to see you. （7）與抽象名詞連用，可以表示“一場、一次、一件”，如：a pleasure一件樂事，a surprise一件令人驚訝的事，a joy一件高興的事，a pity一件遺憾的事，an honour一個（件）經(jīng)以為榮的人(事)。4.冠詞表類別（1）定冠

7、詞 + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示一個，代表一類。The computer was invented in 1945.The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.The horse is a useful animal.（2）不定冠詞 + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（表示任意一個，某一個）。A pen is a tool for writing.A square has four sides.A horse is a useful animal.（3）可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，指類別（考慮到同類中的各個情況）。Horses are useful animals.Rice is a kin

8、d of food.選擇填空1. Most animals have little connection with_animals of_different kind unless they kill them for food. Athe a B/ a Cthe the D/ the2.Paper money was in_use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _thirteenth century.Athe / Bthe the C/ the D/ /3. (2014·江西，22)They chose Tom to

9、 be _ captain of the team because they knew he was _ smart leader.Aa；the Bthe；the Cthe；a Da；a 4. (2014·陜西，19)_ village where I was born has grown into _ town.AThe；a BA；the CThe；the DA；a5. (2014·天津，8)Life is like _ ocean：Only _ strong­willed can reach the other shore.Aan；the Bthe；a Cth

10、e；/ D/；a6. (2014·重慶，6)I can't tell you _ way to the Wilson's because we don't have _ Wilson here in the village.Athe；a Ba；/ Ca；the Dthe；/7. (2013·陜西，19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in _ thirteenth century.Athe；a Ba；/ C/；the Dthe；the8.

11、(2013·新課標(biāo)全國，31)India attained _ independence in 1947，after _ long struggle.A/；a Bthe；a Can；/ Dan；the1. B 名詞復(fù)數(shù)表類別，其前不用冠詞，故第一個空格不填冠詞，表不定概念的“一種”，“某種”要用不定冠詞a。2. C 題中in use是固定搭配，意為“在使用”，use為抽象名詞，其前不用冠詞。后者是序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞the。要牢記一些固定搭配如in use、under construction（在建設(shè)中）、in debt（欠債）、come to power（執(zhí)政）、on fire（著火）

12、、at table（用餐）、out of work（失業(yè)）等。3.C 句意：因為他們知道湯姆是一位精明的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，所以就選他當(dāng)球隊的隊長。可知，第一空用定冠詞是特指這個球隊的隊長，第二空用不定冠詞表示泛指意義。4. A 句意：我出生的那個小村莊已經(jīng)變成了一個城鎮(zhèn)了。根據(jù)句意可知，“我出生的村莊”由定語從句修飾，表特指，用定冠詞the；而第二空應(yīng)是泛指。5. A句意：生活就像一個大洋，只有那些意志堅強(qiáng)者才能到達(dá)彼岸。此句中的ocean是可數(shù)名詞且是第一次出現(xiàn)，故用an；第二個空中theadj.表示一類人，是定冠詞的用法之一，故選A。6. A 句意：我無法告訴你去威爾遜家怎么走，因為我們村沒有叫威爾遜

13、的。由句意可知前者是特指，后者為泛指。7. A 句意：據(jù)說，在13世紀(jì)馬可·波羅在去爪哇島的途中在太平洋上航行過。the Pacific Ocean固定搭配；第二空在序數(shù)詞前，表特指，用定冠詞the。故選D。8. A 句意：印度在長期抗?fàn)幒?，?947年獲得獨(dú)立。independence是不可數(shù)名詞，在其前面通常不加冠詞；struggle表示“努力，奮斗”時，常用作單數(shù)，在其前面加不定冠詞。 名詞選擇填空1. (2014·安徽，29)Why not buy a second­hand car first if you don't have enough m

14、oney for a new one?That's a good _.Asaying Bquestion Csuggestion DAccount2(2014·天津，3)Wind is now the world's fastest growing _ of power.Asource Bsense Cresult DRoot3. (2014·浙江，6)We most prefer to say yes to the _ of someone we know and like.Aattempts Brequests Cdoubts DPromises4. .

15、Youll find this map of great _in helping you to get round London. A.price B.cost C.importance D.useful1. C 句意：如果你沒有足夠的錢買一輛新車的話，為什么不先買一輛二手車呢？這是個不錯的建議(suggestion)。saying 說法；言論；account 賬戶；解釋；說明，理由。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選C。2. A 句意：風(fēng)力是現(xiàn)今世界上增長最迅速的一種能源。A.源泉，來源；B.感覺，意義；C.結(jié)果；D.根，根源；根據(jù)上下文語境，故選A。3. B 句意：我們大部分人都不會拒絕我們認(rèn)識或者喜歡的人(提

16、出的)要求。attempt嘗試；request要求，請求；doubt懷疑；promise諾言。4 C。本題考查特定語境中名詞的詞義及“be of + 抽象名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。Price (價格)，cost（價錢，費(fèi)用，成本）不符合題意，value作“quality of being useful or desirable”解時，常與of搭配，在句中作表語或補(bǔ)語，意為“有用，有價值”。故選擇value。注意名詞詞義辨異及慣用法表達(dá)，題中“of + 抽象名詞”相當(dāng)于該名詞的形容詞形式。代詞either和neithereither是“兩者中任何一個”的意思，neither是“兩者中沒有一個”的意思Here

17、are two pens. You may take either of them.Neither boy knows French.either也意為“也”，用于否定句的句末。He doesnlike tea, and I dont either.either與or構(gòu)成連詞，意為“不是就是”或“要么要么”。He is either Japanese or Chinese. neither用作副詞，意為“也不”，即“noteither”。He cant do it, neither can I. neither可與nor構(gòu)成連詞，意為“既不也不”。Neither he nor you are

18、a student.other和another, the others 和othersthe other表示“兩者中的另一個”；the others表示“其他的人或物”?！皁thers及other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”泛指“其他的（別的）人或物”。He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel.Five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens)are yellow.Some are singing, others are dancing.another修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，意

19、為“（三個或三個以上的）另一個”This coat is too dark. Please show me another.Please give me another book.選擇填空1In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in _， knives and forks.A. another B. othersC. both D. All2. She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked _ and moved to Cambridge.A. both B.

20、neitherC. none D. either3. You can ask anyone for help. _ here is willing to lend you a hand.A. One B. No oneC. Everyone D. Someone4. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones.A. one B. thisC. that D. It5. It's an either­or situationwe can buy a new

21、car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do _.A. others B. eitherC. another D. both1.B 句意為：在一些國家，人們用筷子吃東西，然而在其他一些國家用刀和叉。A項意為“另一個”；B項意為“另外，其他”；C項意為“兩者都”；D項意為“全部”。故選B。2.B 句意為：她曾在倫敦和曼徹斯特居住過，但這兩個地方她都不喜歡，于是遷居到了劍橋。根據(jù)語境可知，空格處用表示二者完全否定的不定代詞。neither意為“兩者都不”3C句意為：你可以向任何人求助。這里的每一個人都很樂意給你提供幫助。one意

22、為“一個人”；no one意為“沒有一個人”；everyone意為“每一個人”；someone意為“某個人”。根據(jù)“You can ask anyone for help.”可知，此處指這里每個人都樂意幫助你。4. C句意為：主街道上綠燈通行信號比小街道上的綠燈通行信號時間更長。that特指上文出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，空格處指green signal，that符合題意，故選C。one指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，同類不同物，表泛指；this指代上文已提到的人或事物時，意為“這，這個”；it指代同類同物。5. D 形容詞和副詞1Instead of blaming the child who had broke

23、n the vase, she gave him a _ smile and let him go.A. cautious B. gratefulC. tolerant D. Wild2.David is _ animal fur, so he won't visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.A. curious about B. allergic toC. satisfied with D. fond of3. I think watching TV every evening is a waste of timethere

24、are _ meaningful things to do.A. less B. moreC. the least D. the most4. The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others _.A. blindly B. unwillinglyC. closely D. Carefully5Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn't have found it _.A. nowhere B

25、. howeverC. otherwise D. Instead6.If we leave right away, _ we'll arrive on time.A. hopefully B. curiouslyC. occasionally D. gradually1C句意為：她沒有責(zé)備那個打碎花瓶的小孩，而是寬容地朝他微微一笑，讓他走了。A項意為“謹(jǐn)慎的，小心的”；B項意為“感激的”；C項意為“容忍的，寬容的”；D項意為“狂野的，野生的”。2. B句意為：David對動物皮毛過敏，因此他不會到那些養(yǎng)貓或養(yǎng)狗的人家里去。be curious about對好奇； be allergic

26、 to對敏感；be satisfied with對滿意；be fond of喜歡。3.B句意為：我認(rèn)為每晚看電視就是浪費(fèi)時間還有更有意義的事情可以做。根據(jù)句意可知，本句話是將別的事與每晚看電視相比較，并且為肯定之意，因此此處應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級形式。4.A句意為：教育的目標(biāo)在于教會年輕人去獨(dú)立思考，而不是盲目地跟從別人。blindly意為“盲目地”，符合語境。unwillingly意為“不樂意地”；closely意為“仔細(xì)地，密切地”；carefully意為“仔細(xì)地”。5.C句意為：謝謝你告訴我們怎么去這個房子；否則我們不會找到它的。otherwise意為“否則”，符合題意。故選C項。nowhe

27、re意為“無處”；however意為“然而”；instead意為“相反”，均與題意不符。6. A句意為：如果我們馬上走的話，我們很有希望能準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)。hopefully意為“有希望地”，符合題意。curiously意為“好奇地”；occasionally意為“偶爾地”；gradually意為“逐漸地”，均不符合語意。 介詞In年in月in季節(jié)， on天on月on星期At noon, at night, at 12:00, at the weekend 1Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _ half an hou

28、r.A. by B. inC. for D. Until2. Our club is open to everyone _ age, sex or educational background.A. due to B. except forC. along with D. regardless of3. It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life _ his great wealth.A. without B. despiteC. in D. to4.While staying in the village, James unse

29、lfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything _.A. in return B. in commonC. in turn D. in place5.Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library _ a book about it.A. on B. atC. for D. To6. This shop will be closed for repairs _ further notice

30、.A. with B. untilC. for D. At1. B分析題干可知，此處指的是火車將在半小時以后出發(fā)。in一段時間表示“在(某段時間)之后”，故in符合語境。2. D 句意為：我們的俱樂部對所有人開放，不論年齡、性別或教育背景。A項意為“由于，因為”；B項意為“除以外”；C項意為“與一起”；D項意為“不顧”。3.B句意為：盡管Lucas先生很富有，但他卻過著簡樸的生活，這令人難以置信。despite意為“盡管”，符合題意。故選B項。without意為“沒有”；in意為“在里”；to意為“向”，均與題意不符。4.A句意為：在村子里生活期間，James非常無私地與村民們分享了他所有的一

31、切，卻不求任何回報。根據(jù)句意可知，空格處表示“作為回報”的含義，所以用in return。in common意為“有共同點(diǎn)”；in turn意為“依次，輪流”；in place意為“準(zhǔn)備就緒”，都與語境不符。5.C句意為：在你參觀一個名勝古跡之前，最好在你所在地的圖書館里找一本相關(guān)的圖書先了解一下。look on看待；look at查看，檢查；look for查找；look to注意，指望。根據(jù)句意可知，答案C正確?！癷n your local library”在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，不影響句子結(jié)構(gòu)，做題時可不予考慮。6. 句意為：這家商店要關(guān)門整修直到進(jìn)一步通知。until意為“直到”，符合句意。

32、 it的用法作形式主語。It is not easy to finish the work in two days.It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is as pity that you didnt read the book.作形式賓語。I think it no use arguing with him.I found it very interesting to study English.He made it clear that he was not interested in that subject.用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。It was Xia

33、oming whom(that)I met in the street last night.It was in the street that I met Xiaoming last night.It ws last night that I met Xiaoming in the street.It was I who met Xiaoming in the street last night.含有“It is ”的句型（1）It is time (for sb.) to do sth.It is (high) time that sb. did sth.(虛擬語氣)（2）It is + 形容詞（+of / for sb.）+ to do sth.通常用 of的詞有brave、clever、careful、hopeless、kind、good、naughty、nice、silly、stupid、foolish、wise等。（3）It is + 形容詞 + that + sb. + (should) do sth.（虛擬語氣）能用于這個句型的形容詞有strange、wonderful、natural、good、proper、rig