英語教案句子成分與結(jié)構(gòu)

1、星海教育2016年暑假雙流校區(qū)目標(biāo)滿分班 名師培優(yōu)精講 第 1 講【教學(xué)標(biāo)題】英語句子成分【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】讓學(xué)生完全掌握英語句子的成分問題，使學(xué)生能夠更好的理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)】1.句子成分的劃分2.句子的主要成分3.句子的次要成分4.作各個成分相應(yīng)的詞性【教學(xué)難點(diǎn)】1.句子的主要成分2.狀語的識別3.定語的識別4.賓語補(bǔ)足語【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分：主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。 A.主語：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝

2、句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。 一句話語法: 主語由名詞性的詞來充當(dāng). 例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名詞） The students all love their English teacher. We often speak English in class.（代詞） They go to school by bus.One-third of the students in th

3、is class are girls.（數(shù)詞） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） To see is to believe.Smoking does harm to the health.（動名詞） Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. Its no use regretting it. The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞） When we are going to have an English test has not been decide

4、d.（主語從句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式） B.謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。注意動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞為非謂語，不能作謂語。一句話語法: 謂語由動詞充當(dāng)。有很多同學(xué)在寫作的時候容易犯的錯誤就是要么亂用be動詞,要么句子沒有謂語動詞. 1、可作謂語的動詞一般為行為動詞(表動作)和連系動詞(表狀態(tài))，行為動詞根據(jù)其后是否可直接接賓語，又可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。（1）、及物動詞作謂語We should help each othe

5、r. They respect one another. All of the students like the novel. Did you see many people there? （2）、不及物動詞作謂語 He left here yesterday. Youre driving too fast. The teacher came in, book in hand. He went abroad in the September of 1988. （3）連系動詞表狀態(tài) He is an excellent teacher. Her son is a friend of ours.

6、 Ours is a great country. The box itself is not so heavy. 2、謂語的構(gòu)成如下： （1）、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every morning. （2）、復(fù)合謂語：（a）由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。注意:這里面的動詞原形非常重要. 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （b）由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：We are students. C.表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般

7、位于系動詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。一句話語法: 表語使用形容詞,不用副詞! 例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞） They are brother and sister.John is captain of the team. Is it yours?（代詞）What I want to say is this. The poor boy was myself. The weather

8、 has turned cold.（形容詞） The speech is exciting.（分詞） Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞） Her father is sixty-five. His job is to teach English.（不定式） All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport.His hobby（愛好）is playing football.（動名詞） My favourite sport is swimming.The machine must be out of orde

9、r.（介詞短語） 注意: 副詞可以做表語的只有幾個,非常簡單,考試不考,所以上面說:表語使用形容詞,不用副詞! 我們所復(fù)習(xí)的語法直接針對高考,不是搞語法研究,這點(diǎn)請大家一定要記住。例如：Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句） D.賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。充當(dāng)賓語的可以是名詞、代詞、動名詞、動詞不定式或整個句子。 一句話語法:賓語由名詞性的詞充當(dāng),賓語分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語,分別構(gòu)成動賓結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞結(jié)構(gòu),這點(diǎn)非常重要,務(wù)必要牢記.例如

10、： They went to see an exhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代詞） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（數(shù)詞） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短語） I enjoy listening to popular music.（動名詞

11、短語） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（賓語從句） 賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同學(xué)搞不清楚什么是雙賓語,記下下面這個句子: give me a book.一人一物做賓語就是雙賓語.說得白一點(diǎn),雙就是兩個的意思.（2） 復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)），例如：They elected him their monitor. E賓語補(bǔ)足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使句子的意義完整，賓語補(bǔ)足語與賓語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系

12、。 帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等+賓語+賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。 一句話語法: 賓語補(bǔ)足語使用形容詞,不用副詞.例如： His father named him Dongming.（名詞）They painted their boat white.（形容詞） You must keep it clean. Tom found the climb quite easy. Let the fresh air in.（副詞） You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短語

13、） I have a lot of work to do.She has plenty of clothes to wear.He made me repeat the storyWe saw her entering the room.（現(xiàn)在分詞） I have the car waiting. Why dont you have your hair cut?（-ed分詞） We had the machine repaired. I had my watch stolen yesterdayWe found everything in the lab in good order.（介詞短語

14、） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（從句） （注意：后跟名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有call, name, think, make, choose等； 后跟形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有keep, find, get, think, make等;動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，當(dāng)謂語動詞為感官動詞如feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to,look at等，使役動詞如let, have, make等，動詞不定式不帶to。）F.定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語，是句

15、子中的次要成分?？煞譃榍爸枚ㄕZ和后置定語。一般有形容詞，形容詞性物主代詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞（短語）或句子充當(dāng)。一句話語法:定語使用形容詞 例如： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞） Mr. Green has two sons. （數(shù)詞）The man downstairs couldnt sleep well. （副詞） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞） A man going to die is always kind-hearted. T

16、he suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名詞） Can you find out the answer to the question. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語） Would you like something to drink?The t

17、eaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動名詞） A barking dog seldom bites.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語） The girl under the tree is Kate. Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green?（從句） G.狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。一句話語法: 狀語用副詞,不用形容詞，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語?？捎筛痹~、名詞、

18、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞或狀語從句來充當(dāng)。例如：Light travels most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語） He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語） Wait a minute.（名詞） Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語從句） H. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)

19、(S主語；V謂語；P表語；O賓語；O1間接賓語；O2直接賓語；C賓語補(bǔ)足語)一S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)|（vi.）I swim.主 謂They listened carefullyMy homework has finished.二S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)(vt.)I saw a film yesterday.主 謂 賓They found their home easily .They have taken good care of the children三S十V十F主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（系動詞） Be,系動詞 _+形容詞He is old.主 系動 表語The story sounds interesting.

20、 主 系動詞 表語The desk feels hard He becomes a teacherThe trees turn yellow in the autumn.四S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu) give，ask_sb sthHe gave me a book.主 謂 賓1 賓2He brought me a pen. He offered me his seatHe got me a chair五S十V十O十C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)They made the girl angry.主 謂 賓 賓補(bǔ)They found her happy that dayI heard the glass

21、broken just now.【過手練習(xí)】一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of

22、the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else

23、to say?15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.【拓展訓(xùn)練】1、選擇填空：( )1. _ will leave for Beiji

24、ng.A. Now there the man B. The man here nowC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now( ) 2. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold( ) 3. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet( ) 4. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately

25、B. late C. latest D. latter( )5. The actor _at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded( )6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we( )7. He found the street much _.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly( ) 8.I think _neces

26、sary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is( ) 9. The dog _ mad.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked( )10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.A. that B. when C. in which D. where2.閱讀理解：Little Tom down the street calls our dog "The keep dog".Zip

27、is a sheep dog. But when Tom tries to say" Seep", it comes out "keep". And in a way Tom is right. Zip is always bringing things hoem for us to keep! I'll tell you about some of them.Zip's first present was a shoe. It was made of green silk.We didn't know how Zip found

28、 the shoe. But after a moment Mary, my big sister, told me the shoe had a strange smell. I nodded(點(diǎn)頭)and held my nose. "What do you think it is?""It smells like something for cleaning. I think someone tried to clean a spot (污點(diǎn)) off the shoe. Then he put it at the door to dry."&qu

29、ot;Along came Zip. And good-bye shoe!" I said."We should take it back.""We can't ".said my sistter."Maybe little Tom is right," Mary said. "Maybe Zip is a keep dog!"1.The writer and Mary didn't know_.A. what Zip's first present was B. how Zip

30、carried its first present homeC. who owned Zip's first present D. what Zip's first present was made of2.Tom calls Zip "the keep dog" because _.A. the dog likes keeping things B. the dog likes playing with shoesC. he doesn't know the dog's name D. he can't pronounce the

31、word " sheep" well3.What made the shoe strange was _.A. its colour        B. its smell C. its size          D. that it was a silk one4.The word "keep"in the last sentence means "_"A. keeping

32、 things for itself B. bringing things for other to keepC. not letting it run about D. taking care of a small child5.We can know from the reading that the dog _.A. likes to give presents to people B. has been kept in at the writer's homeC. has brought some trouble D. likes to be called "the

33、keep dog"3.閱讀短文，根據(jù)首字母提示填空，每空一詞。     Most American families are smaller than the families in o  81   countries. Most American families e   82    have one or two children.C   83    in the US will leave their pare

34、nts' home when they grow up. They usually live far f    84    their parents because they want to find good jobs. They often w   85    to their parents or telephone them. And they often go to visit their parents on h   86  

35、;  .    Parents usually let their children choose their o   87    jobs. Americans think it important for young people to decide on their lives by themselves.    Children are asked to do some work around their house. And in many families, ch

36、ildren are paid (付錢)for d   88    some housework so that they learn how to make money for their own use.    Do you often help y   89    parents do housework? Do you want to live with your parents w   90    you

37、grow up ?【課后作業(yè)】一、選擇填空基礎(chǔ)題組訓(xùn)練（五題）1、The old man feeds four _.A. piggs B. piges C. pigs D. pig 2、Please remember to give the horse some tree_.Aleafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave3、Would you like something to drink, _or coffee?Atea B. fruit C. bread D. meat4、Mr. White has a beautiful garden with many_ in it

38、.A. flowers B. grass C. villages D. water5、There are seven _ in a week.A. dayes B. days C. dayies D. day拔高題組訓(xùn)練（十題）1、Mom, could you pass me some_? Its delicious.OK, but only a little. Abutter B. apples C. tomatoes D. sandwiches2、Whats in the cupboard?A few _, but little _.A. apples; coffee B. coffee;

39、 applesC. apple; coffees D. coffees; apples、3、He gave us _ on how to protect eyes.A. some advices B. some adviceC. an advice D. a advice4、There are _ on my desk.A. three paper B. three pieces of papersC. three pieces of paper D. three papers5、A group of _ will visit the museum tomorrow.A. Englishman

40、 B. AmericanC. Australian D. Chinese6、The farmer raised ten _.A. sheeps B. deers C. horse D. cows7、Why not give Linda some _? She has failed in Chinese several times.A. notice B. suggestion C. advice D. warning8、When we saw Liu Xiangs face, we knew _ was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news D. new

41、s9、I wonder why _ are interested in action films.A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples10、There is good _for you. Ive found the watch.A. news B. ideas C. messages D. thoughts疑難題組訓(xùn)練（五題）1、I think the teenagers should try to improve their living _.A. activities B. skills C. memory D. success

42、2、Mum, something is wrong with my teeth. I canteat anything.What about seeing a _ at once?A. designer B. dentist C. director D. detective3、 Mike and his friend are going to the _ to see thenew action movie tonight.A. bookshop B. restaurant C. concert D. cinema4、They got much _ from those new books.A

43、. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories5、We often use the mobile phone to send text _ to our friends.A. menus B. messages C. advice D. warning2.閱讀理解An old lady in a plane had a blanket（毯子）over her head and she did not want to take it off . The air hostess spoke to her, but the old lady said, “I

44、have never been in a plane before , and I am frightened. I am going to keep this blanket over my head until we are back on the ground again !”Then the captain came. He said, “Madam, I am the captain of this plane. The weather is fine, there are no clouds in the sky, and everything is going very well. ”But s