高中英語(yǔ)-Unit1-《sporting-events》-grammar學(xué)案-上海牛津版S2A

1、1111Unit1 sporting events-Grammar學(xué)案一、快捷識(shí)記A. adverbial phrases and clauses of purpose目的狀語(yǔ)從句：從句部分是用以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的目的的。 目的狀語(yǔ)從句可以由表示“為了， 以便”的so that(有時(shí)省略so)， in order that和表示“以免， 以防”的lest， for fear that， in case引導(dǎo)(lest， for fear that后的目的狀語(yǔ)從句一般要用“可以省略的should動(dòng)詞原形”的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式； in case后的目的狀語(yǔ)從句多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣， 但也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣)。

2、例如：1.They set out early that they might arrive in time. 他們?cè)琰c(diǎn)動(dòng)身， 以便及時(shí)到達(dá)。2.She takes notes carefully in class so that she may use them when she reviews her lessons after class. 她在課堂上認(rèn)真記筆記， 以便她能在課后很好地復(fù)習(xí)功課。3.He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard. 他盡力大聲叫喊， 以便別人能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。4.I will no

3、t make a noise lest I (should) disturb you. 我不出聲， 以免打攪你。5. He is working hard for fear that he (should) fail. 他認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)， 以免考不及格6.Take your umbrella in case it rains. 帶上雨傘， 以防下雨。如果表示“為了， 以便”的目的狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)相同， 可用in order to或 so as to取代該目的狀語(yǔ)從句， 注意體會(huì)以下例句：1. He hurried through his work in order to catch the

4、 train. 他匆匆干完手中的活， 為的是能趕上火車。2.I sent the plans in order for you to study them fully before the meeting. 我寄上這些計(jì)劃以使你會(huì)前充分研究一下。 3.The desks are kept some distance apart, so as to prevent cheating. 這些書(shū)桌都隔著一段距離擺放， 以防作弊。 4.I came so early as to catch the first train. 我起得早， 以便能趕上頭班火車。B. Adverbial phrases an

5、d clauses of concession表示“雖然， 即使， 盡管”的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的用法1. although， though， even though， even if都表示“雖然， 即使， 盡管”之意， though 和although 語(yǔ)氣較弱(其中的though 比although 通俗, 不如although 正式)， even if和even though 帶有強(qiáng)調(diào)意味而顯得語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)。例如：1.Although they are poor, they are happy. 雖然他們很窮，但很快樂(lè)。2.Although it was so cold, he went out w

6、ithout an overcoat. 天氣雖然很冷, 但他沒(méi)有穿大衣就出去了。3.Though they may not succeed, they will still try. 即使他們可能不會(huì)成功， 但他們?nèi)耘L試。The article is very important though it is short. 那篇文章雖然很短， 但很重要。4.He is better, though not yet cured. 他好一點(diǎn)了， 雖仍未痊愈。5.Even though it was raining, she walked to work. 即使下雨， 她也是走著去工作的。6.Ill

7、 visit him this evening even if I can stay only a few minutes. 今晚我將去拜訪他， 即使我只能停留一小會(huì)兒?！咀⒁狻浚?though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的用法比較特殊， 它可以倒裝， 也可以不倒裝， 具體用法參見(jiàn)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。2. as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句表示“雖然、 即使、 盡管”， 其引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句必須采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)， as引導(dǎo)的倒裝形式的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為： 形容詞/副詞/名詞(單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前一般不帶冠詞， 有時(shí)也可見(jiàn)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前形容詞與不定冠詞連用、 形容詞放在不定冠詞前)/動(dòng)詞/過(guò)去分詞as主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)的其

8、他部分。注意體會(huì)下列典型例句： 1.Great as the author was, he proved a bad model. 這位作者盡管了不起， 到頭來(lái)卻成了一個(gè)壞榜樣。2.Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true. 這個(gè)故事看似荒唐， 卻是真的。3.Rich as he is, he is not happy. 雖然他很富有， 但他并不幸福。4.Child as he is, he can tell black from white.(倒裝時(shí)要省去單個(gè)名詞前的冠詞)盡管還是個(gè)孩子， 他卻能分辨黑白。 5.Brave (a) man as he

9、is, he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他盡管勇敢， 可見(jiàn)到蛇還是發(fā)抖。6.Badly wounded as he was, he remained quite optimistic. 盡管傷勢(shì)很重， 他仍然十分樂(lè)觀。7.Try as he would, he could not lift the rock. 雖然盡了最大努力， 但是他仍然不能搬動(dòng)那塊石頭。表示“無(wú)論, 不管”的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的用法表示“無(wú)論， 不管”的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在含義上各有側(cè)重， 學(xué)習(xí)其用法時(shí)要分別進(jìn)行把握。 1. “no matter疑問(wèn)詞”或“帶后綴ever的疑問(wèn)詞”可以表

10、示“不管”的含義， 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句(前一結(jié)構(gòu)所表示的語(yǔ)氣要稍強(qiáng)于后一結(jié)構(gòu))， 例如： 1）However (= No matter how) much I tried, I failed to work out the maths problem. 無(wú)論怎么努力， 我還是解不出這道數(shù)學(xué)題。2） However (=No matter how) hard he may try, he will not attain his goal. 無(wú)論怎樣努力， 他都達(dá)不到他的目標(biāo)。3）Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I will not change my min

11、d. 無(wú)論你說(shuō)什么， 我也絕不改變主意。4） Whenever (=No matter when) you come, you will be warmly welcomed. 不論什么時(shí)候來(lái)， 你都會(huì)受到熱烈歡迎。5）Wherever (=No matter where) you go, you will find the same thing. 無(wú)論到哪里， 你都會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣的事情。6）Whoever (=No matter who) you are, you have no right to do such a thing. 不管你是誰(shuí)， 你都無(wú)權(quán)做這種事。2. “whether. or.

12、”可以引導(dǎo)包含選擇范圍的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句， 意為“不管”。例如：1）I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home. 不論你來(lái)還是留在家中， 我都要去。2） Whether she wins or loses, this is her last chance. 不管是贏是輸， 這都是她的最后一次機(jī)會(huì)。3）Whether we like a particular piece of news or not, all we have to do is to sit in front of the tube and let it happen. 不

13、管我們喜歡不喜歡某條新聞， 我們所能做的只是坐在電視機(jī)前任其播放。二、 隨堂過(guò)關(guān)1.Id like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea. (2005北京)A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that2. Roses need special care _ they can live through winter. (2004)A. because B. so that C. even if D. as3. Leave your key with a n

14、eighbor _ you lock yourself out one day. (2007北京)A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case4.I shall stay in the hotel all day _ there is news of the missing child.(2000上海春)A.in case B.no matter C.in any case D.ever since5. We had to wait half an hour _ we had already booked a table. (2007遼寧)

15、A. since B. although C. until D. before6. _ most of the earths surface is covered by water, fresh water is very rare and precious. (2006上海春)A. As B. Once C. If D. Although7. _ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. (2006)A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although8. Alt

16、hough he is considered a great writer, _. (1991)A. his works are not widely readB. but his works are not widely readC. however his works are not widely readD. still his works are not widely read9. There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, _ she was an only child. (2005遼寧)A. ever since B. now

17、 that C. even though D. even as10. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _ they knew it to be valuable. (2007浙江)A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that11. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _ they are different from your own. (2005湖南)A.until B. even if C. unless D.as th

18、ough12. _, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. (2005重慶)A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student13. _, I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John. (2001上海)A. As long as I have traveled B. Now

19、that I have traveled so muchC. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much14. _, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. (2007重慶)A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strangeC. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound15.This is a very interesting b

20、ook. Ill buy it, _. (2006陜西)A. how much may it cost B. no matter how it may costC. however much it may cost D. how may it cost16. He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was. (2005天津)A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although17. _, I have to put it away and focus my attention on s

21、tudy this week. (2004上海春)A. However the story is amusing B. No matter amusing the story isC. However amusing the story is D. No matter how the story is amusing18. The old tower must be saved, _ the cost. (2005浙江)A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever19. Dad, Ive finished my assignment. Good

22、, and _ you play or watch TV, you mustnt disturb me. (2003上海)A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matterAnswers:1.答案 D解析 so that表示希望實(shí)現(xiàn)的目的。2.答案 B解析 so that表示希望實(shí)現(xiàn)的目的。3. 答案 D解析 “you lock yourself out one day”是應(yīng)該避免出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果， 下劃線處應(yīng)選用in case， 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句, 表示“以免”。4. 答案 A解析 題干意為： 我將整天在旅店里呆著， 以防有丟失孩子的消息。本題應(yīng)選in

23、case引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句表示“以防”.5. 答案 B解析 下劃線處之后所述的“我們已經(jīng)預(yù)訂了一桌”與前面所述的“我們已經(jīng)不得不等了半個(gè)小時(shí)”之間語(yǔ)意相反， 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中although表示“即便”， 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句最為合適。6. 答案 D解析 句意為： 雖然地球表面覆蓋著水， 但是純凈水仍然很稀有、 珍貴。下劃線處應(yīng)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句， 填入although最為合適。7. 答案 D解析 下劃線處應(yīng)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句， 填入although最為合適。8. 答案 A解析 英語(yǔ)不允許在連詞although、 though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句之后的主句句首重復(fù)使用連詞， 如果要在復(fù)合句中強(qiáng)調(diào)某種特別的意義，

24、 可以在主句的句首加上yet、 still等副詞。例如： Although she has a lot of money, (yet/still) she is not happy. 雖然她很有錢， 但是她并不快樂(lè)。本題題干中沒(méi)有通過(guò)特定的語(yǔ)境暗示需要對(duì)主句進(jìn)行特別強(qiáng)調(diào)， 因此只需用although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句即可， 不必在主句的句首加副詞(更不能在主句的句首加連詞)。注意： 本題中的works指“作品、 著作”， 例如表達(dá)“莎士比亞的作品”可以用“the works of Shakespeare”。9. 答案C解析 下劃線處應(yīng)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句， 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有even though可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。10. 答案C解析 “Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice”和“they knew it to be valuable”意思相反， 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中