hurt--injure--harm--wound用法區(qū)別

1、hurt, injure, harm, woundhurt, injure, harm 和 wound 都有"傷"的意思,但各自的含義和用法不同。hurt普通用語,既可指肉體上的傷害,也可指精神上、感情上的傷害。如:The driver hurt himself badly in the accident. 那位司機(jī)在這次事故中傷得很重。She hurt her leg when she fell.她跌倒時(shí),一條腿受了傷。He felt hurt at your words.你的話使他很難過。注意:指肉體上的傷害時(shí),hurt可與badly, slightly, seriou

2、sly等連用;但若指精神上的創(chuàng)傷,只能說very much/rather/deeply hurt。injure比hurt正式,hurt 多指?jìng)?。而injure則指損害健康、成就、容貌等,強(qiáng)調(diào)功能的損失。如:A bullet injured his left eye. 一顆子彈傷了他的左眼。Drinking can injure one's health. 喝酒對(duì)人的健康有害。I hope I didn't injure her feelings.我希望沒有傷害她的感情。harm用于肉體或精神上的傷害均可,有時(shí)可指引起不安或不便。還可用于抽象事物,尤其是指不道德的事情。如:Do

3、n't harm your eyes by reading in dim light. 不要在昏暗的燈光下看書,以免損害眼睛。I have never harmed anybody.我從未傷害過任何人。There was a fire in our street, but no one was harmed. 我們街里曾發(fā)生過火災(zāi),但沒人受傷。wound 指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷,是出血的、嚴(yán)重的傷,特指戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的受傷。它可以指肉體上的傷害。也可比喻指人們精神上的創(chuàng)傷。如:The bullet wounded his arm. 子彈打傷了他的一只胳膊。The robber wound

4、ed him with a knife.那個(gè)強(qiáng)盜用刀刺傷了他。You have wounded his pride.你傷害了他的自尊心。hurt; injure; wound; cut  hurt為普通用語，既可指肉體上的傷害（可被badly, slightly, seriously等修飾），也可指精神上、感情上的傷害（被very muchratherdeeply修飾），多指?jìng)础Ｈ纾篒 hurt my leg badly in the football match在那場(chǎng)足球賽中，我的腿受了重傷。He felt rather hurt at your words你的話使他很難過。in

5、jure比hurt正式，主要指意外事故中損害健康、容貌等，強(qiáng)調(diào)功能的損失。如：A bullet injured his left eye一顆子彈傷了他的左眼。wound指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷，是出血的、嚴(yán)重的傷，尤其指用武器有意造成的傷口、傷疤或戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷。也可指人們精神上的創(chuàng)傷。如：The thief wounded him with a knife那小偷用刀刺傷了他。You have wounded his pride你傷害了他的自尊心。cut指無意中造成的輕傷。如：How did you get that cut on your hand你手上的傷口是怎么弄的？1. hurt指“使

6、人的肉體受傷而疼痛”，或“傷了人的自尊心或感情”。例如： *Xiao Li hurt herself when she fell down the stairs. 小李從樓梯摔下來，跌傷了。 *That'll hurt her feeling. 那會(huì)傷他的感情。 hurt常用作不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“痛”的意思。例如 *My leg still hurts. 我的腿還在疼。 hurt的過去分詞只作表語，不用作定語。hurt可以表示精神上的肉體上 的“創(chuàng)傷”。 2. wound主要用于肉體上的“創(chuàng)傷”，一般指嚴(yán)重的外傷，主要指在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上 受槍彈傷害。作為及物動(dòng)詞，它的賓語是整個(gè)人，而不是受傷的部

7、位。 例如： *He got wounded in action. 他在戰(zhàn)斗中受傷。 *The bullet wounded him in the shoulder. 子彈傷了他的肩膀。 注：wound adj. 受傷的; wounded n. 全部傷員。例如 *The wounded were removed. 所有傷員轉(zhuǎn)移了。 3. injure一般指由于意外或事故造成損傷。它常暗示受傷部位的功能受到 影響，而hurt的結(jié)果不一定機(jī)能的發(fā)揮。例如： *Tom injured his leg in a skating accident. 湯姆在一次滑水事故中傷了腿。 練習(xí)1. The_ ar

8、e well tended. A. wounding B. wounds C. wounded D. wound 2. The arrow _ her in the chest.A. hurt B. wouded C. hit D. injured 3. He _ himself in a traffic accident. A. hurt B. wounded C. injured D. damaged 4. That'll _ his feelings. Don't do that. A. hurt B. wound C. damage D. injure 5. After

9、 a time,my back didn't _ any more. A.wound B. injure C.hurt D. hit 答案: 1)C 2)B 3)A 4)A 5)C damage, destroy, harm, hurt, pain ,injure, wound 區(qū)別1)destroy毀滅，消滅，指通過某種有力的或粗暴的手段使之毀滅或無用，一般不能或很難修復(fù)，有時(shí)可用于比喻意義。如： The earthquake destroyed the whole city地震毀了整座城市。 All his hopes were destroyed by her letter of

10、 refusal. 他所有的希望都被她的拒絕信毀了。 2)damage傷害，損害，主要指對(duì)價(jià)值和功能的破壞，多用于無生命的東西，一般還可修復(fù)。damage或destroy所表示的破壞，是指對(duì)房屋或車輛等的損壞。有時(shí)該詞也用于借喻. Her heart was slightly damaged as a result Of the disease由于生病，她的心臟輕微受損。 They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged他們?cè)O(shè)法修復(fù)了受到破壞的房屋。 What they said and did damaged the relati

11、ons between the two countries.他們的言行損害了這兩個(gè)國(guó)家之間的關(guān)系. 3) ruin 多用于借喻之中,經(jīng)常指把某物損壞到了不能再使用的程度.表示“使破產(chǎn)；糟蹋掉”的意思。 The rain will ruin the crops. 這雨會(huì)把莊稼毀掉的.I was ruined by that law case; I'm a ruined man. 我被那場(chǎng)官司毀了,我破產(chǎn)了. He ruined himself by taking drugs. 他吸食毒品把自己給毀了。 4)harm傷害，損害，主要用于有生命的東西，偶爾也用于無生命的事物，常指?jìng)耙粋€(gè)人或

12、其健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)等。構(gòu)成短語do harm to，表示的范圍更廣。 Smoking seriously harmed his health. 吸煙嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了他的健康。 They had their hearing harmed by the loud noise of machines.他們的聽力被機(jī)器的巨大噪音所損害。 5)hurt指精神上,感情上或肉體上的“創(chuàng)傷，傷害”。作不及物動(dòng)詞意思是“疼”。其過去分詞不能作定語。His words hurt memy feelings他的話傷了我我的感情。 He fell and hurt his leg. 他掉下來傷了腿。My shoes are

13、 so tight that my feet hurt 鞋太緊，我的腳疼。 6)injury指意外傷害或事故造成的傷害，有危及功能發(fā)展之意。作名詞可指平時(shí)的大小創(chuàng)傷或傷害. Several children were injured in the accident. 好幾個(gè)孩子在那次事故中受傷。 He got serious injuries to the legs at work. 他干活時(shí)腿受了重傷. 注意：the injured指因事故造成的“受傷者”。 7)wound一般指刀傷，槍傷，戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷，也可指對(duì)感情的傷害。后跟的賓語是整個(gè)人而不是受傷部位。另外，wound還可作可數(shù)名詞。還可

14、指?jìng)凇e got wounded in the battle 他在戰(zhàn)斗中受傷。A nurse cleaned and bandaged the wound. 護(hù)士把傷口清洗包扎好. He received a serious wound in the battle. 注意：the wounded表示“傷員”，wounded前也可用具體數(shù)字修飾。如： There were twenty wounded in the field hospital.    練習(xí)    1. The_ are we

15、ll tended.        A. wounding          B. wounds        C. wounded           D. wound   &#

16、160;2. The arrow _ her in the chest.        A. hurt                   B. wouded        C.&

17、#160;hit                      D. injured      3. He _ himself in a traffic accident.       

18、0;A. hurt                   B. wounded        C. injured              D. damaged

19、    4. That'll _ his feelings. Don't do that.        A. hurt                    B. wound  &#

20、160;     C. damage              D. injure    5. After a time, my back didn't _ any more.         

21、;A. wound                B. injure         C. hurt                    D. hit       答案: 1)C    2)B   3)A    4)A   &