基于FreescaleHCS12系列單片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)搶答器外文翻譯

1、中文2075字外文資料原文Design and Implement of Responder Based on Freescale HCS12 Single Chip Microcomputer Responder is also known as the first signal discriminator, which is widely used in various competitions. It can judge the number of the first player accurately, fairly and intuitively. Currently, a vari

2、ety of quiz responder has emerged on the market, in which a small responder is commonly designed with small-scale digital integrated circuit. Although the technology has been quite mature,but it is simple function, low intelligence, high fault, simple display, less flexibility, not convenience for u

3、pgrade, it has been unable to meet all kinds of requirements for intellectual competitions and variety shows. Therefore, it is necessary to develop some kinds of responder which are more suitable for applications.In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology, the applications

4、 of single-chip microcomputer are becoming widely, which promotes the development of traditional measurement and control technology. In this paper, Freescale HCS12 1-3 is designed as a core component to achieve an intelligent digital responder with 8-channel 4-8, it has some breakthroughs on technol

5、ogy, function and other aspects, comparing with the past responder. It is characterized by simple structure, powerful, good reliability, practicability, so that the competition can really carried out on just, fair and open rules. The basic functions of responder designed in this paper are: (1) The s

6、ystem can limit the competition time and answer time of the alarm; (2) The system can identify the answer signal and identify the player's number; (3) The system can calculate score for each player and display the scores.Responder can accommodate 8 players numbered 1 to 8. In addition, LED digit

7、al tubes are designed to display the latched data. After race host clears the system, if participants press switch, and after answer is certificated whether it is correct or not, the number of first player to answer in action is immediately shown by digital tubes. Responder should have a strong abil

8、ity to distinguish players to answer in the action, its resolution reaches at least a few ms After the requirements and functions of responder are analyzed, the following circuits are required in general:1、Responder circuitThe circuit has two functions: one is to identify the number of the player wh

9、o press button, and to save the number; the other is to prohibit the other players from buttoning or to make other buttons not available2、Timing circuits Host can set competition time and answer time by the time pre-set-circuit. If nobody can answer question within the set time, all players will not

10、 get score, then the host will announce the answer. Besides, if someone gets the chance to answer the question, but does not give the right result before the allowable time, he or she won't get the score, the overtime signal will be also send, the host will declare the right answer. Freescale HC

11、S12 contains timer module, the timer module can be directly used.3、Overtime circuit HCS12 will send overtime signal when time goes beyond the set time, this signal will be transferred to the PC computer by the serial port. The next question will be proceeded to answer.4、Scores count and display circ

12、uit. When host presses the answer key, it is time to start to answer, if one player presses the answer key, his or her number will be recorded, his or her score will be counted and displayed on the LED digital tubes. Bedside the circuits designed above, some necessary logicdesigns are also necessary

13、. The logic designs are as following:First, the host will read the question which will show in the LCD; next, the PC computer will send letter "k", which means that play is beginning to competition. At the same time, timing circuit starts to work, if nobody gets the chance to answer the qu

14、estion within permitted time, microcontroller will send the word "chao shi" to PC computer; If someone presses the competition key within the specified time, microcontroller will send his or her number. If the time goes beyond the permitted time, PC computer will send "next" whic

15、h means turning to the next question, the next question will be automatically showed to answer. If some player gets the chance to answer the question, his or her number and scores will decrease 1 automatically and show in the digital tubes, then microcontroller sends "next" to go on the ne

16、xt question. If the score is few than 0 after decreasing, player is eliminated. The right answer will show on the LCD. Finally, if all the questions are done, microcontroller will send "e" to end the game, then the scores of all players will be computed, the highest one will be shown on th

17、e digital tubes.Responder hardware is firstly designed;Responder hardware is taken directly from the hardware resources of Freescale HCS12 development board developed by Suzhou University. The development board takes MC9S12DG128 as the core, using modular design approach, it extracts part of I/O res

18、ources,and it also provides each module with a corresponding interface circuit. It also provides A/D input channels, PWM low-pass filter circuits, 16-key keyboard input channels, 8-bit digital I/O circuits, SPI I/O circuits, SCI communication circuits,IC but I/O expansion circuits and so.In this pap

19、er, the hardware modules, the pin connections and the corresponding interfaces of the development board are listed and unified to redesign by actual needs of the system. Before the start of the main program, the total interruptions are turned off and each module is initialized. The initialization of

20、 each module has been done in the corresponding initialization subprogram of each module. Here we only need call the corresponding initialization subprogram. After the initialization of each module is completed,the total interruptions should be turned on. The main body of the main program is a loop

21、structure; there are also several sub-cycles in the main loop, which are used for the cycle waiting of each loop. After the completion of the initialization, the system has been waited for the signal of competition start with the circular mode until the signal comes. When this signal is received, th

22、e system checks whether the cycle time is overtime, if it is overtime, the system changes to the next question, otherwise, the system checks the competition signal, if some player competes to answer, then the system checks whether the answer time is out, if the time is not out, the system judges whe

23、ther the result is true, if the result is right, the player is added 1 point, otherwise, the player is subtracted 1 point, and the system enters the next question. To the player whose score will be subtracted, the system needs to check whether the score is low than 0, if it does, this player's i

24、nput channel is turned off. To be noted that, if the competition flag is 1, it should be cleared Responder is one of the essential devices in various knowledge and intellectual contests, the development of better and more intelligent digital responder is very significant. Responder designed in this

25、paper can achieve a responder's basic functions through experimental prototype testing. It reaches the design target with reasonable design, simple structure, good commonality, strong function, reliable answer and quick reaction. However, as hardware limitations of development board, some functi

26、ons have not been able to achieve, such as the development board does not have enough LED digital tubes to display all player's scores simultaneously, the host can not adjust answer time according the difficulty of the question and so on. These issues will remain to be addressed in future develo

27、pment.4外文資料譯文基于Freescale HCS12系列單片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)搶答器搶答器也被稱為第一信號(hào)鑒別器，它被廣泛應(yīng)用于各種比賽。它可以判斷一個(gè)選手的數(shù)量準(zhǔn)確，公正，直觀。目前，有多種搶答器已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在市場上，在其中一個(gè)小的搶答器通常用小規(guī)模數(shù)字集成電路設(shè)計(jì)。雖然該技術(shù)已相當(dāng)成熟，但它功能簡單，智能低，高容錯(cuò)，顯示簡單，靈活性較差，不便于進(jìn)行升級(jí)，它已經(jīng)無法滿足各種智力競賽，綜藝節(jié)目的要求。因此，有必要開發(fā)一些種類的搶答器，可以更適合的應(yīng)用。近年來，隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用正在變得廣泛，從而促進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)的測量和控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展。在本文中，飛思卡爾的HCS12 1-3 被設(shè)計(jì)成一個(gè)

28、核心組成部分，實(shí)現(xiàn)了智能數(shù)字搶答器與8通道 4-8 ，但對(duì)技術(shù)，功能等方面有所突破，與過去相比響應(yīng)。它的特點(diǎn)是結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，功能強(qiáng)大，可靠性好，實(shí)用性，從而使比賽能夠真正進(jìn)行了公正，公平，公開的規(guī)則。  搶答器的設(shè)計(jì)本文的基本功能是：  （1）該系統(tǒng)可以限制競爭時(shí)間和回答的報(bào)警時(shí)間;  （2）該系統(tǒng)能識(shí)別應(yīng)答信號(hào)并確定該選手的號(hào)碼;  （3）該系統(tǒng)可以計(jì)算每個(gè)選手的分?jǐn)?shù)，并顯示分?jǐn)?shù)。搶答器可容納8名選手編號(hào)為1到8。此外， LED數(shù)碼管的設(shè)計(jì)，顯示鎖存數(shù)據(jù)。之后的比賽主持人清除系統(tǒng)中，如果選手按下開關(guān)，無論之后的回答是

29、否正確，第一個(gè)選手在行動(dòng)回答的數(shù)目是由數(shù)碼管立即顯示。搶答器應(yīng)具有較強(qiáng)的分辨能力的選手在動(dòng)作來回答，其分辨率達(dá)到至少幾毫秒后響應(yīng)方的要求和功能進(jìn)行了分析，下面的電路是必需的，一般：1、搶答器電路該電路有兩個(gè)功能：一個(gè)是確定誰按下按鈕，播放器的數(shù)量，并保存號(hào)碼，另一種是從扣扣禁止的其他選手或作出其他按鈕不可用2時(shí)序電路主機(jī)可以設(shè)置比賽時(shí)間和時(shí)間預(yù)先設(shè)定電路答題時(shí)間。如果沒有人能在設(shè)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)回答問題，所有選手都不會(huì)得到分?jǐn)?shù)，那么主機(jī)將公布答案。此外，如果有人得到機(jī)會(huì)來回答這個(gè)問題，但在允許的時(shí)間之前沒有給出正確的結(jié)果，他或她不會(huì)得到分?jǐn)?shù)，加班的信號(hào)也會(huì)被發(fā)送，主機(jī)將宣布正確答案。飛思卡爾HCS1

30、2包含定時(shí)模塊，定時(shí)模塊，可直接使用。3、加班電路HCS12將發(fā)送超時(shí)信號(hào)，當(dāng)時(shí)間超過設(shè)定的時(shí)間，這個(gè)信號(hào)將通過串口傳送到PC機(jī)。接下來的問題將進(jìn)行回答。4、評(píng)分計(jì)數(shù)和顯示電路。當(dāng)主持人按下了搶答鍵，表示開始回答，如果一個(gè)選手按下了搶答鍵，他或她的編號(hào)將被記錄，他或她的分?jǐn)?shù)將計(jì)算并顯示在LED數(shù)碼管顯示。設(shè)計(jì)也是必要的。邏輯設(shè)計(jì)是如下：首先，主機(jī)會(huì)讀取這將在LCD顯示的問題，其次， PC機(jī)將發(fā)送字母“K” ，這意味著該劇開始競爭。與此同時(shí)，定時(shí)電路開始工作，如果沒有人得到機(jī)會(huì)允許的時(shí)間內(nèi)回答問題，微控制器會(huì)發(fā)出單詞“超市”到PC電腦，如果有人按下指定時(shí)間內(nèi)競爭的關(guān)鍵，單片機(jī)將送他或她的編號(hào)。如果時(shí)間超出了允許的時(shí)間， PC機(jī)將發(fā)送“下一步”，這意味著將目光轉(zhuǎn)向了下一個(gè)