人教版高中英語必修一Unit-1--Friendship知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解

1、Unit 1 Friendship(一) 詞匯1. addvt.& vi. 增加；加；加起來；補(bǔ)充說； 又說常用結(jié)構(gòu)：add to增添；增加；增進(jìn) add .to .把增添到 add up合計(jì)，相加 add up to總數(shù)為；總計(jì)為He added some wood to increase the fire.他添了一些木柴，使火更旺些。2. upsetadj. 心煩意亂的；不安的；不適的vt. ( upset, upset) 使不安；使心煩；打翻；打亂聯(lián)想拓展be upset by.被 打亂 upset oneself about sth.為某事煩惱Our arrangements for

2、the weekend were upset by her visit. He was horribly upset over her illness. 她一來把我們周末的安排給打亂了。 他為她的病而憂心忡忡。 Dont upset yourself no harm has been done. The students really upset her.不要難過并沒有造成任何傷害。 學(xué)生們著實(shí)讓她煩惱。3. ignorevt. 不理睬；忽視I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely. He ignored the speed limi

3、t and drove very fast.我向她打招呼，可是她根本不理我。 他不顧時(shí)速限制，把車開得飛快。聯(lián)想拓展ignorant adj. (對(duì)某事物）不了解的；無知的；無學(xué)識(shí)的 be ignorant of/about sth.不知道；沒有意識(shí)到ignorance n.無知；愚昧；不知道 be in ignorance of/about sth. 不知道某事 易混辨析ignore/neglect/overlook ignore 通常指有意不顧，或不理會(huì)顯而易見的事物。neglect 側(cè)重指有意的忽略或忽視，也可指粗心與疏忽。overlook指因匆忙而疏忽或視而不見。4. concernn

4、. U關(guān)心，擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂；C有利害關(guān)系的事 vt. 涉及，關(guān)系到，參與；使擔(dān)心聯(lián)想拓展concerning prep. 關(guān)于 concerned adj.有關(guān)的；擔(dān)心的 concern sb.與某人有關(guān)be concerned with sth.牽涉，與有關(guān)；參與 concern oneself with 關(guān)心be concerned about/for/over sth.擔(dān)心；關(guān)心某事 as/so far as . be concerned關(guān)于；至于；就而言As far as I am concerned, you can go wherever you want. I was very co

5、ncerned about my mothers illness.就我而言，你什么時(shí)候走都行。 我很擔(dān)心母親的病情。We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.我們讀了關(guān)于天外來客的故事。5. settlevi. 安家；定居；停留vt. 使定居；安排；解決Both wanted to settle their scores.雙方都愿意盡棄前嫌。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：settle down 鎮(zhèn)定下來 settle in 在定居He settled his child in a corner of the compartment.他把孩子安頓在車廂

6、的一個(gè)角落里。The family has settled in Canada.這家人已定居加拿大。6. suffervt. 遭受；忍受；蒙受vi.后接from/for意為“受之苦”，“患疾病”常用結(jié)構(gòu)：suffer an attack/a defeat/losses/pains遭受打擊/失敗/損失/痛苦He suffered hard pains from the accident. Do you suffer from headaches? 你經(jīng)常頭痛嗎?他忍受著事故帶來的痛苦。 Shes suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遺忘癥。聯(lián)想拓展sufferer

7、 n. 受苦者，受難者 suffering n.痛苦，苦難 變式訓(xùn)練：1、She was really u_ about the way her father treated her.2、It was very stupid of you to i_ your mothers advice.3、He made a good s_ in last exam.4、All the people are c_ about the growth of the younger generation.5、Shes h_ my book away somewhere.6、My summer vocation

8、was completely spoiled by a_ of wet days .7、The boy is c_ about skating.8、Its against n_ for a mother to hurt her child.9、He came here on p_ to discuss it with you.10、How d_ you say so?11、Design a_ to find out what kind of friends your classmates are.12、I live all a_ but I dont feel lonely.13、I want

9、 your a_ on this work.14、It is a little difficult to c_ someone down when he or she is excited.15、He was caught c_ in the exam.(二)短語7. go through 8. get sth.done經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受；檢查；瀏覽；用完；做完 讓別人做某事/使得某事被做The country has gone through too many wars. done是過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，與have sth. done用法一樣。這個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。 get sb./sth. d

10、oing使某人/某事物起來Shes gone through a bad patch recently. get sb. to do sth.使/讓某人做某事她最近經(jīng)歷了一段困難時(shí)期。 get done （狀態(tài)的改變）get作系動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于beHave you gone through all your money already? get away逃脫；離開你把所有的錢都花完了嗎？ get back回來；取回I went through the students papers last night. get by維持生活；通過昨晚我仔細(xì)閱讀了學(xué)生的試卷。 get down to sth./d

11、oing sth.開始認(rèn)真做某事 聯(lián)想拓展 get in進(jìn)站；到達(dá)；收集go after追求；追趕 get off下來；下車go ahead 前進(jìn)；請(qǐng)說（做）吧 get on上車；進(jìn)展；進(jìn)步go by走過；（時(shí)間）過去 get cross(對(duì))生氣，發(fā)脾氣go along with向前；（與.)一起去 get in ones way擋路，妨礙 go in for愛好；從事 get used to doing sth.習(xí)慣做某事 go out 外出；（燈，火）熄滅 get involved in涉及 go over 越過；復(fù)習(xí) get in touch with和取得聯(lián)系go through w

12、ith 做完；完成 get it了解，懂得，明白go up 爬上；（價(jià)格等）上升9. set down 放下；記下；登記Passengers may be set down and picked up only at the official stops.乘客只有在正式車站方可上下車。聯(lián)想拓展 溫馨提示set about (doing sth.) 著手（做某事） set about 和set out都可作“開始/著手做某事”講，set out (to do sth.)開始，著手(做某事) 但set about 后加doing sth.， 而set out后加 to do sth.。set as

13、ide留出；不顧set back（把鐘等）往回?fù)埽煌七tset free釋放；解放set off動(dòng)身，出發(fā)（去某地）；使爆炸set out動(dòng)身，出發(fā)；安排，組織set up開辦；建立；設(shè)立set an example to樹立榜樣set fire to .= set . on fire縱火燒be set in以為背景The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks.由于天氣惡劣，建筑計(jì)劃延誤了好幾個(gè)星期。We need to set about finding a solution.我們得著手尋找一個(gè)解決辦法。10.

14、 on purpose 故意The boy broke Jacks window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack.那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想嚇一下杰克。聯(lián)想拓展purpose n. 目的，用途；目標(biāo)；重要意義 for the purpose of 為了to little/no purpose 作用不大/徒勞The purpose of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.這本書的目的是全面介紹這所大學(xué)。11. join in 參加；加入They didnt h

15、ave enough time to join in the activity.他們沒有足夠的時(shí)間來參加這個(gè)活動(dòng)。聯(lián)想拓展join sb. in sth.與某人一起做某事 join up入伍；參軍join up with sb.與某人聯(lián)合；會(huì)合 join hands with sb.與某人拉起手來；合伙；聯(lián)合Will you join me in a walk? Let us join hands in friendship. 你愿意和我一起散步嗎？ 讓我們攜手共建友誼吧。易混辨析join in/join/take part in/attendjoin in 參加正在進(jìn)行著的活動(dòng)。如游戲、討論

16、、辯論、談話等。join 參加某組織或團(tuán)體，并成為其中一員;來和某人待在一起。take part in 參加會(huì)議或有組織的群眾性活動(dòng)，并在其中發(fā)揮一定的作用。attend 正式用語，指參加會(huì)議、儀式、婚禮、葬禮、上課、上學(xué)、聽報(bào)告等，句子的主語是去聽去看，自己不一定起積極作用，相當(dāng)于be present。變式訓(xùn)練：16、No matter what he says, dont _ him.17、C_ with other countries was difficult during the war.18、He formed the h_ of getting up early.19、Both

17、of them are e_ of China Daily.20、List what a good friend should do and _ the list with your partners.(分享)21、They are _ .(騙子).22、He paid no attention to their_(自尊心)23、Arrange the exhibits_ to size.(根據(jù))24、Hes_ from loss of memory.(患有)25、The politician is really in a dangerous_.(境遇).26、Why dont you _yo

18、ur idea _on paper?(寫下)27、He _his English study(有困難)28、She _a foreigner.(愛上)29、_to change the situation.(努力)30、_snow can cause trouble.(過多)（三）重點(diǎn)句型12. .but your friend cant go until he/she finishes cleaning his/her bicycle.但是你的朋友不把自行車弄干凈不能走。not . until 意為“直到才”，表示主句謂語的動(dòng)作直到until狀語的時(shí)間才發(fā)生，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞表示的是動(dòng)作的開始

19、。until引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作，則主句用肯定式；如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是短暫性動(dòng)詞，則用否定形式。“It is/was not until+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that .”相當(dāng)于“Not until . did (does, do, is .)+主語 .”意為“直到才”，是強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。13. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 遛狗的時(shí)候，你太大意了，一松手，狗就被車撞了。溫馨提示在狀語從句中，如果從句的主語為it時(shí)，也可以將it和助動(dòng)詞be省略。Whe

20、never possible they would stop him and ask the three questions.可能的話，他們就讓他停下問他這三個(gè)問題。14. I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道這是不是因?yàn)槲议L(zhǎng)久無法出門的緣故，我變得對(duì)一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無比狂熱。此句中的its .that是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。關(guān)于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，我們需要掌握以下幾點(diǎn)：（1）強(qiáng)

21、調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：“It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分+that/who+其他成分”用來強(qiáng)調(diào)主語、賓語和狀語等成分。that只起連接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為sb.作賓語時(shí)，可用who,也可用that,其他情況一律用that。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí)，that后的謂語動(dòng)詞必須與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語在人稱與數(shù)上保持一致。（2）特殊句式中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是特殊疑問句中的疑問詞，表示“到底”、“究竟”等語氣時(shí)，就用如下結(jié)構(gòu)：“特殊疑問詞+is/was+it+that/who+該句的其余部分”，that/who后只能使用陳述語序。在“not .until”結(jié)構(gòu)中，由until所引導(dǎo)的短語（或從句）作時(shí)間

22、狀語時(shí)，要用固定的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：“It+is/was+not until .+that+該句的其余部分”，that所引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用肯定式。（3）強(qiáng)調(diào)句型要注意和it代表時(shí)間、距離、溫度、自然現(xiàn)象、具體事物或人物等時(shí)所構(gòu)成的各種句型的區(qū)別。判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，可采用“還原法”。如果還原為一般句式后，句子各種成分完整，則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，否則不是。It was three oclock when I got home.我到家的時(shí)候三點(diǎn)。It was at three oclock that I got home.三點(diǎn)鐘我到的家。It was in his town that he was brough

23、t up.他是在鎮(zhèn)上被養(yǎng)大的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）It was this town where/in which he was brought up.這是他被撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大的城鎮(zhèn)。（定語從句）（4）英語中常用助動(dòng)詞do, does或did強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語。He did go to the airport yesterday, but he didnt find you. 他昨天確實(shí)去了機(jī)場(chǎng)，但他沒有找到你。It is I that/who am going for a holiday with Mary.是我跟瑪麗一塊兒去度假。When is it that we will have a meeting?我們什么時(shí)候

24、開會(huì)？15. I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do .我不愿像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水賬as引導(dǎo)的從句為比較狀語從句，意為“像大多數(shù)人那么做”。as 用作連詞，可引導(dǎo)下列狀語從句：引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句謂語與從句謂語的同時(shí)性；引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管，雖然，即使”（從句需倒裝）；引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，表示“以方式”；引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句 (=since; because)，意為“由于，因?yàn)椤保灰龑?dǎo)比較狀語從句。As he grew older he lost interest in eve

25、rything except gardening.隨著他年紀(jì)越來越大，他失去了對(duì)所有事物的興趣，除了園藝。16. .it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face .這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚變式訓(xùn)練：1體溫正常后，你才能起床。_2. 直到會(huì)議結(jié)束他才離開。_3.過馬路時(shí)，你應(yīng)當(dāng)小心。_4.如果受熱，水會(huì)變成蒸氣。_5.因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)你不在那，所以我給你留了便條。_6.這是我第一次來珠海。_7.那是她第二次游覽倫敦。_Keys: Unit 1 keys: 1Upset 2.ignore

26、3. score 4.concerned 5. hidden 6. series 7. crazy8. nature 9. purpose 10. dare 11. questionnaire 12. alone 13. advice14. calm 15. cheating 16. trust 17. Communicating 18. habit19. editors 20. share 21. cheats 22. pride 23. according 24. suffering 25. situation 26. set down 27. has trouble with 28. f

27、alls in love with 29. Make an effort 30. Too much1.You must stay in bed until your temperature is normal.2.He didnt leave until the meeting was over.3.When crossing the street, you should be careful.4.If heated, water can be turned into vapour.5.As you were not there, I left a message.6.It is the fi

28、rst time that I have come to Zhuhai.7.It was the second time that she had visited London.本課知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納Unit 1重要詞組句型抽查課后作業(yè)CPeople all need friends because nobody wants to be lonely and a friend can help you in good and bad times.Youve made friends since childhood，but you still dont know who your true friend

29、s are.Here are some signs to tell you if your friend is a true friend.Always honestHonesty is important to keep a relationship alive.A true friend always tells you the truth.It may be hard sometimes but lying can destroy a friendship.It is important that your friend speaks honestly and never makes u

30、p stories.Always listeningThere are always periods in your life when you have problems or difficulties.A true friend will always have time to listen to your problems and give you advice.It may not be able to offer a solution to your problems but the fact that your friend makes time to listen is a si

31、gn he/she cares for you.Your friend is not a true friend if he/she can never make time for you when you are in trouble.You also need to be reasonable and accept that your friend also has other things to do so he/she cant always listen immediately to your problems.Always respectful(尊敬的)A true friend

32、will always respect your opinion no matter whether he/she agrees or not.Your true friend may disagree but never insists that he/she is correct.Always understandingIt is possible that some problems will arise between you and your friend.A true friend will always be forgiving (體諒的)and understanding，ev

33、en if it isnt his/her fault.We are all different people and we all make mistakes.A true friend is always forgiving and understanding because he/she doesnt want to take the risk of losing his/her best friend.9Whats the best title for the third paragraph?AAlways there for you.BKeep your secrets.CAlway

34、s happy for you.DRemember your important days.10Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?ANever tell lies to friends.BMaking time for friends.CSharing fun with friends.DPaying attention to a friends opinion.11Whats the authors purpose of writing this passage?ATo teach us how to make tr

35、ue friends.BTo find out how long a friendship can last.CTo introduce his experience in making friends.DTo tell us how to find out if a friend is a true friend.DMany people turn to doctors or selfhelp books，but they ignore a powerful thing that could help them fight illnesses：their friends.Researcher

36、s are only now starting to pay attention to the importance of friendship in health.A 10year Australian study found that older people with a large circle of friends were 22 percent less likely to die during the study period than those with fewer friends.A large 2007 study showed an increase of nearly

37、 60 percent in the risk (危險(xiǎn)) for obesity among people whose friends gained weight.And last year，Harvard researchers reported that strong social ties (關(guān)系) could improve brain health as we age.“In general，the role of friendship in our lives isnt well realized，” said Rebecca，a professor at the Universi

38、ty of North Carolina.“Friendship has a bigger effect on our psychological (心理的) health than family relationships.”While many friendship studies are about the close relationships of women，some research shows that it can do good to men，too.In a sixyear study of 736 middleaged men，having friendships re

39、duces the risk of heart attack.Only smoking was as important a risk factor (因素) as having little social support.The exact reason why friendship has such a big effect isnt entirely clear.While friends can send a sick person to the hospital or pick up medicine，the advantages go well beyond physical he

40、lp.Friendship clearly has a big psychological effect.“People with stronger friendships feel like there is someone they can turn to，” said Karen，a doctor.“The message of these studies is that friends make your life better.”12The three studies in Paragraph 2 show that _Aold people need friends the mos

41、tBfriends can help us lose weightCsocial ties are connected to healthDmore friends make us healthier13What do Rebeccas words in Paragraph 3 mean?AFriendship is more important to women than to men.BWhat people need most is a friends care.CFriendship is more important than family relationship.DThe val

42、ue of friendship hasnt been fully understood.14Which of the following can be used here to replace the underlined word “obesity”？AFatness. BUnhappiness.CExcitement. DHealth.15What would be the best title of the text?AFriends Are the Best MedicineBFriends Are as Important as a FamilyCHaving Good Frien

43、ds Leads to a Longer LifeDFriendship Makes People Happy.七選五 (共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。(2014河南省洛陽八中10月月考)Tips for cooking on a Tight ScheduleFrom my experience，there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often：ability，money and time.16._ Money is a topic Il

44、l save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：1Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and there is nothing ready to ea

45、t.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials ready？17._2Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal，make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread？18._ it takes around the same amount of ti

46、me to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for a future meal.319._This may surprise you，but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more

47、you learn and the more you try，the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.Hopefully that gives you a good start.20._ And dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!ATry new things.BAbility is easily improved.CMake

48、three or four instead.DUnderstand your food better.ECooking is a burden for many people.FLet cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.GA little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)Watson entered Mr.Smiths office.The boss was a(n) _21_ man.He fi

49、red people who didnt do well without giving them a second chance.“Watson，” said Mr.Smith，“this past year your department hasnt earned money.Were going to _22_ that department.Its finished.Im sorry but youll have to _23_” “But，sir if I just had a little more time.For the moment I need the _24_ to kee

50、p my _25_ at Riverside School.”“Whats that！” said the boss.“Riverside！I didnt know you had a boy there.Thats a(n) _26_ school for a man with your salary.”“I know，sir.But he likes it so much！Hes a star trackman and the best boxer in the school.The boys call him _27_ there.”The boss sat perfectly _28_

51、 for a long time a faraway look in his eyes.Then，suddenly，he said，“Weve got to close your department，Watson.But youll _29_ a new job in another department.It means longer hours maybe more _30_Now get out.Youre here for life.”Watson got out with _31_ in his face.Then the boss _32_ a letter from the top drawer of his desk.It was Herbies _33_ letter from Riverside School written a few days before he died.He had read it over and over again.The letter _34_：I cant say the boys here are any _35_ than the others were.I guess its the same everywhere _36_ youre a c