翻譯語法考點總結(jié)

1、腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈

2、肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆

3、芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀

4、肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄

5、荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁

6、膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅

7、肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀

8、芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖

9、肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈

10、莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃

11、膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿

12、羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄

13、芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈

14、肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)螇羈肁芁袀螄荿芀蕿羀芅芀螞螃膁艿螄羈肇莈蒄螁羃莇薆羆莂莆螈蝿羋蒞袁肅膄莄薀袇肀莄螞肅羆莃螅袆芄蒂蒄肁膀蒁薇襖肆蒀蠆聿羂葿袁袂

15、莁蒈薁螅芇蒈蚃羈膃蕆螆螃聿蒆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄蝕羇腿薃螂螀肅薂薂羅肁薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆薀衿袇膂蕿薈肂肈膆蟻裊羄芅螃肀芃芄蒃袃腿芃蚅聿膅節(jié)羅腿艿葿肈羂薇蒈螇膈蒃薇袀羀荿薇羂膆芅薆螞罿芁薅襖芄薀薄羆肇蒆薃肈芃莂薂螈肅羋薂袀芁膄蟻羃肄蒂蝕螞艿莈蠆螅肂莄蚈羇莇芀蚇聿膀蕿蚆蝿羃蒅蚆袁腿莁蚅羄羈芇螄蚃膇膃螃螆羀蒁螂袈膅蕆螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿螀袂肆薈蝿羄節(jié)蒄螈肇肅莀袇螆芀芆蒃衿肅膂蒃肁羋薁蒂螁膁蕆蒁袃莇莃蒀羅腿艿葿肈羂薇蒈螇膈蒃薇袀羀荿薇羂膆芅薆螞罿芁薅襖芄薀薄羆肇蒆薃肈芃莂薂螈肅羋薂袀芁膄蟻羃肄蒂蝕螞艿莈蠆螅肂莄蚈羇莇芀蚇聿膀蕿蚆蝿羃蒅蚆袁腿莁蚅羄羈芇螄蚃膇膃螃螆羀蒁螂袈膅蕆螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿螀袂肆薈蝿羄節(jié)蒄螈肇肅

16、莀袇螆芀芆蒃衿肅膂蒃肁羋薁蒂螁膁蕆蒁袃莇莃蒀羅腿艿葿肈羂薇蒈螇膈蒃薇袀羀荿薇羂膆芅薆螞罿芁薅襖芄薀薄羆肇蒆薃肈芃莂薂螈肅羋薂袀芁膄蟻羃肄蒂蝕螞艿莈蠆螅肂莄蚈羇莇芀蚇聿膀蕿蚆蝿羃蒅蚆袁腿莁蚅羄羈芇螄蚃膇膃螃螆羀蒁螂袈膅蕆螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿螀袂肆薈蝿羄節(jié)蒄螈肇肅莀袇螆芀芆蒃衿肅膂蒃肁羋薁蒂螁膁蕆蒁袃莇莃蒀羅腿艿葿肈羂薇蒈螇膈蒃薇袀羀荿薇羂膆芅薆螞罿芁薅襖芄薀薄羆肇蒆薃肈芃莂薂螈肅羋薂袀芁膄蟻羃肄蒂蝕螞艿莈蠆螅肂莄蚈羇莇芀蚇聿膀蕿蚆蝿羃蒅蚆袁腿莁蚅羄羈芇螄蚃膇膃螃螆羀蒁螂袈膅蕆螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿螀袂肆薈蝿羄節(jié)蒄螈肇肅莀袇螆芀芆蒃衿肅膂蒃肁羋薁蒂螁膁蕆蒁袃莇莃蒀羅腿艿葿肈羂薇蒈螇膈蒃薇袀羀荿薇羂膆芅薆螞罿

17、芁薅襖芄薀薄羆肇蒆薃肈芃莂薂螈肅羋薂袀芁膄蟻羃肄蒂蝕螞艿莈蠆螅肂莄蚈羇莇芀蚇聿膀蕿蚆蝿羃蒅蚆袁腿莁蚅羄羈芇螄蚃膇膃螃螆羀蒁螂袈膅蕆螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿螀袂肆薈蝿羄節(jié)蒄螈肇肅莀袇螆芀芆蒃衿肅膂蒃肁羋薁蒂螁膁蕆蒁袃莇莃蒀羅腿艿葿肈羂薇蒈螇膈蒃薇袀羀荿薇羂膆芅薆螞罿芁薅襖芄薀薄羆肇蒆薃肈芃莂薂螈肅羋薂袀芁膄蟻羃肄蒂蝕螞艿莈蠆螅肂莄蚈羇莇芀蚇聿膀蕿蚆蝿羃蒅蚆袁腿莁蚅羄羈芇螄蚃膇膃螃螆羀蒁螂袈膅蕆螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿螀袂肆薈蝿羄節(jié)蒄螈肇肅莀袇螆芀芆蒃衿肅膂蒃肁羋薁蒂螁膁蕆蒁袃莇莃蒀羅腿艿葿肈羂薇蒈螇膈蒃薇袀羀荿薇羂膆芅薆螞罿芁薅襖芄薀薄羆肇蒆薃肈芃莂薂螈肅羋薂袀芁膄蟻羃肄蒂蝕螞艿莈蠆螅肂莄蚈羇莇芀蚇聿膀蕿蚆蝿羃

18、蒅蚆袁腿莁蚅羄羈芇螄蚃膇膃螃螆羀蒁螂袈膅蕆螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿螀袂肆薈蝿羄節(jié)蒄螈肇肅莀袇螆芀芆蒃衿肅膂蒃肁羋薁蒂螁膁蕆蒁袃莇莃蒀羅腿艿葿肈羂薇蒈螇膈蒃薇袀羀荿薇羂膆芅薆螞罿芁薅襖芄薀薄羆肇蒆薃肈芃莂薂螈肅羋薂袀芁膄蟻羃肄蒂蝕螞艿莈蠆螅肂莄蚈羇莇芀蚇聿膀蕿蚆蝿羃蒅蚆袁腿莁蚅羄羈芇螄蚃膇膃螃螆羀蒁螂袈膅蕆螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿螀袂肆薈蝿羄節(jié)蒄螈肇肅莀袇螆芀芆蒃衿肅膂蒃肁羋薁蒂螁膁蕆蒁袃莇莃蒀羅腿艿葿肈羂薇蒈螇膈蒃薇袀羀荿薇羂膆芅薆螞罿芁薅襖芄薀薄羆肇蒆薃肈芃莂薂螈肅羋薂袀芁膄蟻羃肄蒂蝕螞艿莈蠆螅肂莄蚈羇莇芀蚇聿膀蕿蚆蝿羃蒅蚆袁腿莁蚅羄羈芇螄蚃膇膃螃螆羀蒁螂袈膅蕆螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿螀袂肆薈蝿羄節(jié)蒄螈肇肅莀袇螆芀

19、芆蒃衿肅膂蒃肁羋薁蒂螁膁蕆蒁袃莇莃蒀羅腿艿葿肈羂薇蒈螇膈蒃薇袀羀荿薇羂膆芅薆螞罿芁薅襖芄薀薄羆肇蒆薃肈芃莂薂螈肅羋薂袀芁膄蟻羃肄蒂蝕螞艿莈蠆螅肂莄蚈羇莇芀蚇聿膀蕿蚆蝿羃蒅蚆袁腿莁蚅羄羈芇螄蚃膇膃螃螆羀蒁螂袈膅蕆螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿螀袂肆薈蝿羄節(jié)蒄螈肇肅莀袇螆芀芆蒃衿肅膂蒃肁羋薁蒂螁膁蕆蒁袃莇莃蒀羅腿艿葿肈羂薇蒈螇膈蒃薇袀羀荿薇羂膆芅薆螞罿芁薅襖芄薀薄羆肇蒆薃肈芃莂薂螈肅羋薂袀芁膄蟻羃肄蒂蝕螞艿莈蠆螅肂莄蚈羇莇芀蚇聿膀蕿蚆蝿羃蒅蚆袁腿莁蚅羄羈芇螄蚃膇膃螃螆羀蒁螂袈膅蕆螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿螀袂肆薈蝿羄節(jié)蒄螈肇肅莀袇螆芀芆蒃衿肅膂蒃肁羋薁蒂螁膁蕆蒁袃莇莃蒀羅腿艿葿肈羂薇蒈螇膈蒃薇袀羀荿薇羂膆芅薆螞罿芁薅襖芄

20、薀薄羆肇蒆薃肈芃莂薂螈肅羋薂袀芁膄蟻羃肄蒂蝕螞艿莈蠆螅肂莄蚈羇莇芀蚇聿膀蕿蚆蝿羃蒅蚆袁腿莁蚅羄羈芇螄蚃膇膃螃螆羀蒁螂袈膅蕆螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿螀袂肆薈蝿羄節(jié)蒄螈肇肅莀袇螆芀芆蒃衿肅膂蒃肁羋薁蒂螁膁蕆蒁袃莇莃蒀羅腿艿葿肈羂薇蒈螇膈蒃薇袀羀荿薇羂膆芅薆螞罿芁薅襖芄薀薄羆肇蒆薃肈芃莂薂螈肅羋薂袀芁膄蟻羃肄蒂蝕螞艿莈蠆螅肂莄蚈羇莇芀蚇聿膀蕿蚆蝿羃蒅蚆袁腿莁蚅羄羈芇螄蚃膇膃螃螆羀蒁螂袈膅蕆螁肀羈莃螀螀芃艿螀袂肆薈蝿羄節(jié)蒄螈肇肅莀袇螆芀芆蒃衿肅膂蒃肁羋薁蒂螁膁蕆蒁袃莇莃蒀羅腿艿葿肈羂薇蒈螇膈蒃薇袀羀荿薇羂膆芅薆螞罿芁薅襖芄薀薄羆肇蒆薃肈芃莂薂螈肅羋薂袀芁膄蟻羃肄蒂蝕螞艿莈蠆螅肂莄蚈羇莇芀蚇聿膀蕿蚆蝿羃蒅蚆袁腿

21、莁蚅羄羈芇螄蚃膇膃螃螆 一、 非謂語動詞近幾年的語法測試中非謂語動詞約占31.1%，平均每年近5道題，可謂是語法項目考查的重點，那么非謂語動詞的考查都有哪些特點，解答時又應(yīng)注意些什么呢?下面我和大家就一起來分析一下：1、非謂語動詞考查特點1) 謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的判斷對謂語動詞與非謂語動詞區(qū)別的考查主要集中在獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，如：All things _ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.(1999.1)A. had been canceled B. have been ca

22、nceledC. were canceled D. having been canceled四個選項中有三個是謂語動詞，只有D是非謂語動詞，只要同學們能判斷出這里是非謂語動詞做狀語，則不用考慮時態(tài)的問題，答案自明。2) 謂語動詞后不定式與動名詞的選擇謂語動詞后接不定式還是接動名詞也是四級語法測試中的一個題眼。如： I don't mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late.(2000.1)A. you to delay making B. your delaying makingC. your delaying to make D

23、. you delay to make Had I remembered _ the windows, the thief would not havegot in.(1996.1)A. to close B. closingC. to have closed D. having closed Your hair wants _ . You'd better have it done tomorrow.A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut(1997.6)這類題涉及三個方面：謂語動詞后應(yīng)該接不定式還是動名詞?即可接不定式又可接動名詞時，結(jié)構(gòu)和意

24、思上有何差別?不定式與動名詞用主動形式還是用被動形式?3) 做定語的非謂語動詞的選擇從近幾年的考查情況來看，對做定語的非謂語動詞的考查有兩種情況：(1)對一般概念的考查，而不是固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的非謂語動詞做定語。如： The project _ by the end of 2000, will expand the city'stelephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.(1999.6)A. accomplished B. being accomplishedC. to be accomplished D. having been accomplis

25、hed If I correct someone, I will do it with so much good humorand self-restraint as if I were the one _.(1996.6)A. to correct B. correctingC. having been corrected D. being corrected同學們只要掌握非謂語動詞做定語的一般的規(guī)律,就可以判斷題答案為C，題答案為D。(2)對固定結(jié)構(gòu)的考查，如： The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _ hisargument

26、s in favor of the new theory.(2000.6)A. to be based on B. to base onC. which to base on D. on which to base The pressure _ causes Americans to be energetic, but italso puts them under a constant emotional strain.A. to compete B. competingC. to be competed D. having competed題為不定式做定語的固定形式，答案為D，題為某些特定名

27、詞的定語結(jié)構(gòu)，答案為A。在英語中有些名詞，如動詞變來的名詞，形容詞變來的名詞，以及means, way, time, moment, reason等要求其后用不定式做定語，不定式?jīng)]有體的變化。4) 做狀語的非謂語動詞的選擇做狀語的非謂語動詞主要考查其各種形式的選擇，如： _ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.(1996.6)A. Having believed B. Believing C. Believed D. Being Believed _ a tea

28、cher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree.(1995.1)A. To become B. Become C. One becomes D. On becoming Realizing that he hadn't enough money and _ to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.(1995.1)A. not wanted B. no to want C. not wanting D. want

29、ing not _ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.(1997.1)A. Believe B. To believe C. Believing D. Believed從以上各題來看，考查的側(cè)重點有：(1)狀語類別的判斷不同的狀語對非謂語動詞的要求不同，目的狀語要求用不定式，如。(2)非謂語動詞與句子屬于之間的邏輯關(guān)系根據(jù)主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系的不同來確定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過去分詞。(3)非謂語動詞的否定形式not否定非謂語動詞時置于非謂語動詞之前，如。(4) 獨立成分有些非謂語動詞的使用不受與句子主語

30、關(guān)系的限制，稱為獨立成分，這類成 分只記憶即可。如:generally speaking, judging from., to tell the truth., 等。5) 做補足語的非謂語動詞的選擇做賓語補足語的非謂語動詞受謂語動詞的限制，不同動詞后的賓語補足語形式要求不同。近幾年對各類賓補都有考查。如： They are going to have the service man _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.(1998.1)A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed A

31、fter a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territorydispute _.(1998.6)A. being settled B. to be settled C. had settled D. as settled You will see this product _ wherever you go.(2000.6)A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising His remarks left me _ about his real purpose

32、.(1999.6)A. wondered B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondering When I caught him _ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.(1997.1)A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating The sale usually takes place outside the house, with theaudience _ on benches, chairs or boxe

33、s.(2000.1)A. having seated B. seating C. seated D. having been seated考查涉及到感官動詞后的賓語補足語，如。have, make, let, leave等特殊單詞后的賓語補足語。regard類后面的賓語補足語with獨立分句后面的常用動詞后面的賓語補足語。6) 做表語的非謂語動詞的選擇表語的考查多側(cè)重于分詞做表語形式的選擇，很少有動名詞的用法的考查，雖然選項中有不定式作為干擾項，只要能看出是做表語的也就不用考慮。如： The house was very quiet, _ as it was on the side of th

34、emountain.(1999.6)A. isolated B. isolating C. being isolated D. having been isolated These surveys indicate that many crimes go _ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them.(2000.6)A. unrecorded B. to be unrecorded C. unrecording D. to have been unrecorded分詞做表語可以做系動詞be的表語，也可以做其它系動詞的表語，

35、如go, feel,seem, look, remain等等。這些系動詞后非謂語動詞的餓用法規(guī)則是相同的。7) to作為介詞與作為不定式符號的選擇to可以是介詞，也可以用來引導不定式，四級考試中對種類用法的考查也比較多。如： I have no objection _ your story again.(2000.6)A. to hear B. to hearing C. to having heard D. to have heard The traditional approach _ with complex problems is to break down into smaller,

36、 more easily managed problems.(1996.6)A. to dealing B. in dealing C. dealing D. to deal The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the managerof the company.(1997.6)A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told這類考題的考查方式有兩種，一是四個選項中有兩個相對的選項to do something 和 to doing something，這時考查的自然是to的性質(zhì);另

37、一種是to在題干中，如。8) 分詞前連詞的使用分詞前連詞的使用是為了使分詞的作用更加明了，使考生更加準確地理解試題。考查有兩種情況(1)根據(jù)連詞選擇適當?shù)姆衷~形式Michael used to look hurt and surprised when _.(1995.1)A. scolding B. to scold C. having scolded D. scoldedwhen的使用說明非謂語動詞做時間狀語，答案不可能是B，從scold與句子主語間的邏輯關(guān)系來看，應(yīng)該是動賓關(guān)系，答案應(yīng)該是D。(2)根據(jù)狀語的功能選擇不同的連詞Careful surveys have indicated t

38、hat as many as 50 percent ofpatient do not take drugs _ directed.(1996.1)A. like B. so C. which D. as由上下文的意思可以看出，分詞所做的是方式狀語，連詞應(yīng)該是as。9) 非謂語動詞的體非謂語動詞中分詞的體有完成體和進行體，即having done, having been done和being done，完成體只用于做狀語的場合，而進行體可以用于做定語和做補足語。動名詞的體也有having done, having been done和 being done的結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于做主語和賓語的場合。不定

39、式的體有to be doing 和to have done，主要用于pretend, happen, seem, appear, be said to等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the manager of the company.(1997.6)A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having toldhaving told在句中做介詞賓語，表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。 I'd rather read than watch television; the pr

40、ograms seem _ all the time.(1997.1)A. to get worse B. to be getting worse C. to have got worse D. getting worse從all the time的使用可以推斷get worse是一個漸變過程，所以用不定式的進行體。 The speech _ a lively discussion started.(1995.1)A. being delivered B. was delivered C. be delivered D. having been delivered該結(jié)構(gòu)屬于獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做時間狀

41、語，狀語分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，所以應(yīng)該用完成體，答案為D10)動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞符合結(jié)構(gòu)可以做主語、賓語和表語，在對動名詞的考查中總是將其邏輯主語包括進來，形成動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)： _ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parentswished for.(1999.1)A. The girl was educated B. The girl educatedC. The girl's being educated D. The girl to be educated本題涉及題眼比較多，A，為從句做主語，但缺少t

42、hat，D為不定式做主語，但缺少for(for the girl to be educated)，B結(jié)構(gòu)不能做主語，答案是C，為動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)。 Ann never dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A. there being a chance B. there to be a chanceC. there be a chance D. being a chance介詞后用動名詞，表示存在時必須用there be句型，所以答案為A，這也是動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)，there為動名詞的邏輯主語。 I don't mind _ the

43、 decision as long as it is not too late.A. you to delay making B. your delaying makingC. you delaying to make D. you delay to make (2000.1)Mind要求接動名詞,動名詞的邏輯主語用形容詞性物主代詞，答案自然是B。 I would appreciate _ it a secret.(1995.6)A. your keeping B. you to keep C. that you keep D. that you will keep本題與上一題類似，答案是A。

44、2.非謂語動詞解題策略1)正確判斷非謂語動詞這類題一般出現(xiàn)在獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果在選項與句子之間沒有連詞，則說明，所選為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，既名詞或主格代詞 + 分詞。All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off.A. considered B. be considered C. considering D. having considered (1998.6)句子沒有連詞，說明所選結(jié)構(gòu)不屬于從句，那么就是獨立主格做狀語，根據(jù)動詞與其邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系為動賓關(guān)系，答案應(yīng)該是A。_, a man who expresses hims

45、elf effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.(1997.6)A. Other things being equal B. Were other things equal C. To be equal to other things D. Other things to be equal做狀語的可以是從句，但B的結(jié)構(gòu)是虛擬條件，與這里不符，不表目的，C不對，不表將來，獨立主格中非謂語動詞不能是不定式，答案為A。4) 判斷動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)的方式主語位置上，或動

46、詞、介詞后的"名詞代詞 + 非謂語動詞"，如果表示的是一個事件則是動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)，而不是"名詞 + 定語。請看以下各例：He insisted on the windows _ open while he was sleeping.A. left B. being left C. leaving D. be leftinsist on后不接從句，D可以排除。這里表達的是堅持要求"開著窗子睡覺"，所以應(yīng)該是動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)，答案為B。The road _ caused us to be for our work for half an hour.A

47、. blocked B. was blocked C. blocking D. being blocked做主語的表示上班遲到的原因，自然應(yīng)該是"交通堵塞"，而不是"被堵的道路"，所以還是動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)，答案為D。The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his son _ to college.A. had been admitted B. admitted C. having been admitted D. having admitted消息表達的應(yīng)該是個事件，說明不是"被錄取的孩子&quo

48、t;，介詞of后不可能接從句，說明of后為動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)，答案是C。3) 注意分析非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系正確判斷非謂語動詞與起邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系是正確選擇非謂語動詞形式的保證，不管是做什么成分的非謂語動詞都體現(xiàn)以下特點：如果非謂語動詞與邏輯主語之間是主謂關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果非謂語動詞與邏輯主語之間是動賓關(guān)系，則用過去分詞;如果表示將來，則用動詞不定式。這是非謂語動詞運用的基本原則，然后再根據(jù)其不同的作用，掌握其更細的規(guī)則。如：(1)做定語時做定語的可以是動名詞、分詞或不定式。動名詞做前置定語，所構(gòu)成的大多為固定短語，四級考試一般不涉及。主要考查分詞和不定式做定語。分詞或不定式做

49、定語一般做后置定語。 The project _ by the end of 2000, will expand the city'stelephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.A. accomplished B. being accomplished C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished Hard work _ on time will lead to better grades.(1995.1)A. done B. be done C. having done D. to hav

50、e been done As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town _ 50 householdsor more.(1998.1)A. having B. to haveC. to have had D. having had Those _ to the conference were mostly famous scientists.A. invited B. were invited C. inviting D. to in

51、vite做定語的非謂語動詞有一下幾種形式："doing 結(jié)構(gòu)":分詞與中心詞之間是主謂關(guān)系,表示正在進行,或狀態(tài)。如"being done結(jié)構(gòu)"：分詞與中心詞之間是動賓關(guān)系，表示被動和正在進行，如：No one is to enter the building being repaired."to be done結(jié)構(gòu)"：不定式與中心詞之間是動賓關(guān)系，表示將來和被動，如。"done結(jié)構(gòu)"：分詞與中心詞之間是動賓關(guān)系，表示被動、完成或一般，如。"to do結(jié)構(gòu)"：不定式與中心詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示將

52、來。如：The professor to give us a speech tomorrow is said to have compiled many scientific works.完成形式不能做定語，包括分詞的完成形式和不定式的完成形式。(2)做狀語做狀語的可以是不定式，也可以是分詞。大體結(jié)構(gòu)有："doing 結(jié)構(gòu)"：分詞與句子主語為主謂關(guān)系，表示與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，或基本上同時發(fā)生，或是同時存在的狀態(tài)。如：_ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the

53、 earth.A. Having believed B. Believing C. Believed D. Being believed"done結(jié)構(gòu)"：只要分詞與句子主語間是動賓關(guān)系就可以用過去分詞，可以表示完成，可以表示正在進行，也可以表示條件。如：_ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.A. Too look at B. Looking at C. Looked at D. To be looked at (2000.1)He came in, followed by a group

54、 of reporters."having done結(jié)構(gòu)"：分詞與句子主語是主謂關(guān)系，切發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。Having seen the film already, I declined his invitation to go to the cinema."having been done結(jié)構(gòu)"：該結(jié)構(gòu)表示完成被動，即分詞與句子主語之間是動賓關(guān)系，切發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。如：Having been showed many times, he still didn't understand the operation of the machine."to do 結(jié)構(gòu)"：這是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中可以做目的狀語，也可以做結(jié)果狀語，但不定式動作總是發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后。如：_ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree.A. To become B. Become C. One becomes D. On becoming表結(jié)果時一般為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，如too to, enough to.，或是表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，常可加構(gòu)成only to的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：I did what I could t