賓語從句講解及練習(xí)

1、賓語從句1、賓語從句的概說：賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。 整個(gè)復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)如下：I think (that)I have lost it 我想我已經(jīng)把它丟了。主語+謂語+ (引導(dǎo)詞)+主語+謂語主句賓語從句由此可見賓語從句就是作及物動(dòng)詞，介詞或某些形容詞的賓語的句子。2、由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。(即陳述句作賓語從句)(1)主句的謂語。 很多及物動(dòng)詞后都可接由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如：think, hope, say, tell, know, see,hear, remember, mean 等。 一些表示人的感情的形容詞女口sure, happy, glad, pleased, surp

2、rised, sorry, afraid 等后面也可接由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，表示產(chǎn)生這種感情的原因。e.g. I' mure (that) he will come tomorrow. 我肯定他明天會(huì)來。I ' rhappy (that) I see you here.我很高興看到你在這里。注意：如果主句與從句的主語一致，可把從句改為不定式，如果不一致，則只可用that從句。如句可改寫為I ' m happy to see you here而句則不可改。(2)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，即that。在連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，that本身無意義，在句子中不但任任何成分，在口

3、語或非正式文體中常常省略。希望你們假印愉快。 他說中國人民很友好。e.g. I hope (that) you ' ll have a good holiday. He says (that) the Chin ese people are very frien dly.(3)從句的語序：賓語從句永遠(yuǎn)用陳述語序。e.g. Does he know (that) she is a scie ntist? Are you sure (that) you will win?從句的時(shí)態(tài)。 若主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，則賓語從句要根據(jù)具體情況選擇所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。 他說他現(xiàn)在病了。 他說他已經(jīng)生病十天了

4、。 他說他上周生病了。他說他很快就回來。他知道她是科學(xué)家嗎? 你肯定你會(huì)贏嗎？e.g. He says (that) he is ill now.He says (that) he has been ill for ten days.He says (that) he was ill last week.He says (that) he will retur n soon. 若主句為一般過去時(shí)，則賓語從句也要用某種過去時(shí)態(tài)。e.g. He said (that) he was ill the n.他說他那時(shí)病了。He said (that) he was doing his homework

5、 then.他說他那時(shí)正在做作業(yè)。 若賓語從句說的是客觀真理，自然現(xiàn)象等，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。e.g. The teacher said that the earth goesro und the sun.老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。(5)否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。若主句的主語是第一人稱 (I, we)，且謂語動(dòng)詞是 think, guess, believe, suppose等時(shí), 如果要否定，只能否定主句，而不能否定從句。我認(rèn)為他今晚不會(huì)來。e.g. I don ' t thinhe will come tonight.Page 3（6）含賓語從句的復(fù)合句的反意疑問句，一般情況下，根據(jù)主句主謂語來確定附加

6、疑問句。e.g. The teacher didn say that he would come here, did he?我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)游泳，對(duì)嗎？ 我相信他是個(gè)學(xué)生，不是嗎?（即特殊疑問句作賓語從句）但對(duì)于有否定轉(zhuǎn)移的主從復(fù)合句來說，其附加疑問句的主謂語須根據(jù)從句來確定。e.g. I don' tink he can swim, can he?I believe he is a student, isn ' t?ie3、由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。see, tell, ask.（1）主句的謂語：可由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的動(dòng)詞有 answer, know,

7、decide, find out, show, choose, remember, forget等。你知道誰將給我們做演講嗎? 我們問他為什么遲到。 我準(zhǔn)備去看凱特怎么樣了。e.g. Do you know who will give us a talk?We asked him why he was late.I am going to see how Kate is.（2）從句的引導(dǎo)詞。 由連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what和which引導(dǎo)，這些詞在賓語從句中可作主語、 賓語、表語和定語，因而不能省略。e.g. Do you know who will give us

8、a talk?你知道誰會(huì)給我們做演講嗎？（who在賓語從句中作主語）Can you tell me whom you are waiting for? 你能告訴我你在等誰嗎？（whom 在賓語從句中作賓語）She asked whose jacket it was.她問這是誰的夾克衫。（whose在賓語從句中作定語，修飾 jacket）I don ' t knowhose that is.我不知道那是誰的？（whose在賓語從句中作表語） 由連接副詞 when, where, why和how引導(dǎo)，這些詞在賓語從句中作狀語，不能省 略。你知道他何時(shí)回來嗎? 我們問他為何遲到。我想知道她住

9、在哪里。e.g. Do you know when he will be back?We asked him why he was late.I want to know where she lives. 從句的語序：特殊疑問句坐賓語從句，仍用陳述句的語序。e.g. What day is it today? Do you know? Do you know what day it is today?When will the train leave? I want to know. I want to know when the train will leave.Where does she

10、 live? Can you tell me? Can you tell me where she lives?How did you do it? Please tell me. Please tell me how you did it.(4) 從句的時(shí)態(tài)：與 that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一樣。(5) 注意： 當(dāng)what, which, whom, who等疑問代詞作賓語從句里句末介詞的賓語， 又引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，句末的介詞不可隨意省掉。e.g. I don ' t knowhat they are looking for?我不知道他們正在找什么。Do you know which

11、room she lives in?你知道她住在哪個(gè)房 間嗎？當(dāng)賓語從句的主語與主句的主語（或賓語）一致，且從句謂語時(shí)態(tài)為將來時(shí)或表示將來意義，如 should時(shí)，從句可簡化為疑問詞（ why除外）+不定式。我不知e.g. I don ' t knowhere I should go. = I don ' t kwOwre to go.道要去哪里。I ' II show yohow you should do it. = I ' II show yoow to do it. 我將教 你該怎么做它。4、由if和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(1) if和whethe

12、r用以引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)意為 “是否”，該賓語從句是由一般疑問句變來的。 其語序、時(shí)態(tài)變化和前兩種賓語從句一致。e.g. Did he like this coat? She asked. She asked if / whether he liked this coat.Will Mary be free tomorrow? I don ' t know. I don ' t know/ whether Mary will be free tomorrow.(2) 般情況下，whether和if用于引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以通用，但在下列情況下，whether和if的用法有區(qū)別： whe

13、ther后可以接不定式短語，而if不能。e.g. I can' t dwhiether to go to Beijing.我不能決定是否去北京。 當(dāng)引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞賓語時(shí)，只能用whether，不能用if。e.g. They ' re talkarbout whether they can finish the work on time.他們正在談?wù)撍麄兪欠衲馨磿r(shí)完成工作。 whether引導(dǎo)的從句可移至句首，if則不行。e.g. Whether this is true or n ot, I ca n這是不是真的，y我不敢說。 動(dòng)詞discuss后面的賓語從句，只用wheth

14、er引導(dǎo)，不用if。Page 4e.g. We discussing whetherwe will have a sports meeti ng n ext week. 我們正在討論下 周是否舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。 當(dāng)從句中有or not”時(shí)，or not可以緊接 whether之后，也可以位于句末，此時(shí)，一般不用if。e.g. Please tell me whether or not he' lcome here. = Please tell me whether he' ll come here or not.請(qǐng)告訴我他是否會(huì)來這兒。 whether和if 一般引導(dǎo)肯定形式的賓語從

15、句，若賓語從句是否定形式，表示“是否”的連詞只能用if。e.g. We want to know if they won' tome truly.我們想知道他們是不是真的不來。 whether和if除共同可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，各自還可以用來引導(dǎo)其他類型的從句。 if可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“如果” ，whether不能。e.g. The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny tomorrow.女口果明天天氣晴朗， 學(xué)生 們要去野餐。 whether可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“不管，無論”之意。e.g. Hainan Isla nd is

16、the place to be, whether it ' s summarw in ter.不管是夏天還是冬天，海南島都是應(yīng)該去的地方DO SOME EXERCISES:1. Ca n you see?A. what he ' s reading B. what is he readingC. what does he read D. he reads what2. Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?（ 合并成一個(gè)句子 ）Do you knowJack from Japan?3. _What did your son say in

17、the letter?_He told me that he_ the Disney would the next day A.will visit B. has visitedC. is going to visit D. would visit4. He didn ' t knowA.what 's the matter B.what the matter isC. what was the matter D. what the matter was5.Somebody called you just now,but I didn' t knowA.who were

18、 they B. who they wereC. who was it D. who it was6.I want to knowA.what is his name B. what ' s his nameC. that his name is D. what his name is7. -Could you tell me _she is looking for? -Her cousin,susan.A.that B.whose C .who D.which8. -What are you searching the Internet for?-I'm trying to

19、find out.A.What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLUB. How many persons have died in IraqC. How to protect our environmentD. Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea9. Do you know?（ 誰正在唱歌 ）10. Do you know?（ 她正在和誰談話 ）11. Do you know?（ 昨天發(fā)生了什么事 ） （答案在下頁 ）The keys: 1 A.2 if ,comes.3D. 4 C. 5

20、 D. 6 D. 7 C. 8 B9 who is singing10 who she is talking with11 what happened yesterdayI .從下列A、B、C、D中選擇一個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)填空。1. I don't know he will come tomorrow. he comes, I'll tell youA. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If2. I don't know the day after tomorrow.A. when does he come

21、B. how will he comeC. if he comes D. whether he'll come3. Could you tell me the nearest hospital is?A. what B. how C. whether D. where4. Could you tell me the radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. what did he mendC. how he mended D. what he mended5. I want to know .A. whom is she looking

22、afterB. whom she is lookingC. whom is she lookingD. whom she is looking after6. Do you know where now?A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live7. Do you know what time ?A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves8. I don't know . Can you te

23、ll me, please?A. how the two players are oldB. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how oldD. how old the two players are9. The small children don't know .A. what is their stockings inC. where is their stockings in10. I can't understand A. what does Christmas meanC. what mean Christmas doesB. what is in their stockingsD. what in their stockingsB. what Christmas does mean D. what Chr