省略大致可歸納為功能詞的省略

1、省略大致可歸納為功能詞的省略，句子成分的省略，以及替代省略三種。一、功能詞或單詞省略功能詞指的是沒有完整意義，但有語法意義的詞，如冠詞、介詞、助動詞等。英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的簡潔，首先表現(xiàn)在功能詞的省略上。1冠詞的省略They elected John (the) monitor of the class. 他們選約翰當(dāng)班長。A man and (a) woman are talking in the office. 辦公室一男一女正在談話。提示：在英語新聞標(biāo)題、告示中，經(jīng)常省略冠詞。Chinese President Stresses Role of Working Class 中國國家主席強調(diào)工人

2、階級作用 （新聞標(biāo)題 = The Chinese President Stresses the Role of the Working Class）DO NOT SPEAK TO DRIVER WHILE BUS IS IN MOTION 汽車在行駛時請勿和司機講話。（告示 = Do not speak to the driver while the bus is in motion） 2代詞的省略I went to the market, (I) bought something useful, and (I) returned home within an hour. 我去了市場，買了點有

3、用的東西，一小時之內(nèi)就回來了。They didn't like it, yet (they) said nothing. 他們并不喜歡它，可是什么話也沒說。(It) Doesn't matter. 這不礙事。I like your two small bottles, but I don't like the smallest (one). 我喜歡你的兩只小瓶子，但我不喜歡最小的那一只。3連詞的省略引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that在口語中常常省略,或并列的賓語從句中的第一個連詞that也能省略.例如: We are delighted (that) you can come.

4、 你能來，我們很高興。I believe (that) you will succeed我相信你們會成功的。He said (that)he had come here an hour before and that he had lived in a hotel. 在定語從句中作賓語,且其前沒有介詞的關(guān)系代詞,或先行詞為way或time等時,常省略關(guān)系代詞.例如: Do you still remember the name of the company _ we visited last month?A. whose B. as C. D. whereI don't like _

5、you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 4關(guān)系詞的省略I'll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都給你。He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看過我昨天買的書了。It wasn't I (who) let him in. 不是我放他進來的。It happened on the day (when) we first met. 這發(fā)生在我們初次見面的那一天。The

6、re is a man (who) wants to see you. 有個人想要見你。5助動詞的省略(Does) Anyone want a drink? 有誰要喝一杯嗎？Who (do) you think you are? 你以為你是誰？（在特殊疑問句中，當(dāng)主語是第二人稱時，助動詞do可省略）I (have) got to go now. 我得走了。6不定式符號的省略1）I hope to finish my job and (to) go back home. 我希望做完事回家。（當(dāng)幾個不定式并列時，一般只需在第一個不定式前用to）What we could do was (to) g

7、et away. （主語從句中含有do，那么作表語的動詞不定式往往省略to）We did not dare (to) speak. 我們不敢說話。（dare作行為動詞用時，否定式可省略to）There is nothing to do but (to) obey the orders. 除了服從命令之外，我們別無他法。（介詞but前如有do，but后可省略to）注意：當(dāng)兩個并列的不定式在意義上表示對比關(guān)系時，后面的不定式一般不省略to。To be or not to be, that is the question. 活著還是死亡，這就是問題所在。（莎士比亞）It was better to

8、laugh than to cry. 笑比哭好。2）關(guān)于to省略的固定結(jié)構(gòu)四看(see watch, notice, look at),二聽(hear, listen to),一感覺(feel),以及l(fā)et, make, help,還有have之后的作賓補的不定式,但其被動語態(tài)中的to不能省略.例如: Though he had made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.詞組do nothing but.,can't help but.,prefer to do sth. rath

9、er than do sth., would do sth. rather than.,why not.等不定式中的to.例如:Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle. A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding3）在下面四種情形下,為了避免重復(fù),常承前省略不定式后的內(nèi)容,但要保留不定式符號to.作hope, wish, like, want, expect, decide, mean, intend, refuse, try

10、, need等賓語的不定式.例如:-Will the Browns go abroad this summer?-No. They finally decided .A. to B. not to C. not going D. not go作tell, ask, want, expect, warn等賓語補足語的不定式.例如: The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him _ .A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do在某些形容詞,如:h

11、appy, glad, ready, anxious, eager, willing等后作狀語的不定式.例如:-I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?-Not at all, _ .A. I've no time B. I'd rather not C. I'd like D. I'd be happy to 在某些結(jié)構(gòu),如:be able to, be going to be about to, ought to, have to ,used to等后作

12、復(fù)合謂語的不定式.例如:-Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?-I _ ,but I had an unexpected visitor.A. had B. would C. was going to D. did7.表虛擬的名詞性從句中should的省略一堅持(insist),二命令(order, command),三建議(suggest, propose, advise ),四要求(demand, require, request, ask)后的主語、賓語從句中.例如:Jane's pale face suggested that sh

13、e_ill and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination.A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has一個主意(idea),一個計劃(plan),一個命令(order),三個建議(suggest, proposal, advice)等后的表語、同位語從句中.例如: The suggestion has been made that the football game _ put off.A. should B. will be C. be D.

14、has beenIt is necessary(important, impossible, strange, natural, a pity, no wonder) that.主語從句中.例如:It is necessary that the problem _ at once. A. solves B. should solve C. will be solved D. be solved8.虛擬條件句中,含助動詞,情態(tài)動詞,動詞be或have等,若將它們提到句首,則須省略if。例如: _ it rain tomorrow ,we would have to put off the vis

15、it to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will9介詞的省略He went (in) that way. 他往那邊去了。The two boys are (of) the same age. 這兩個男孩年齡一樣大。I am in doubt (about) whether this is right or not. 我拿不定主意這對不對。You may come to see me (at) any time between 4 and 5. 你在4點到5點之間隨時都可以來見我。She must have stayed he

16、re (for) a long time. 她在這里一定呆了很久了。必背：在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞in常常省略。be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事spend time (in) doing sth.花時間做某事waste energy (in) doing sth.浪費精力做某事have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困難have a good time (in) doing sth.某事做得非常愉快have a hard time (in) doing sth.某事做得很艱難take turns (in) doing sth.輪流做某事It i

17、s no use (in) doing sth.做某事沒有用It is no good (in) doing sth.做某事無益There is no hurry (in) doing sth.不必著急做某事There is no point (in) doing sth.做某事無意義There is no use (in) doing sth.做某事沒有用二、句子成分的省略為了避免重復(fù)，或者為了使某一內(nèi)容顯要注目，可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不變。1省略主語Hope so. 希望如此。（= I hope so.）Beg your pardon. 請你原諒。（= I beg your p

18、ardon.）Looks as if it will rain. 看起來像要下雨。（= It looks as if it will rain.）Serves you right. 你活該?。? It serves you right.）注意：祈使句主語通常省略（如Take care! 當(dāng)心?。?。但有時為了明確對方，可加上主語。You feed the bird today, will you? 今天你喂鳥，好嗎？Somebody answer the phone, please. 請來個人接一下電話。2省略謂語Anything the matter？要緊嗎？（= Is anything th

19、e matter?） Who next? 該誰了？（= Who comes next?）Just a moment, please. 請等一會兒。（= Just wait a moment, please.）The river was deep and the ice thin. 河很深，冰很薄。（= The river was deep and the ice was thin.）We'll do the best we can. 我們將盡力而為。（= We'll do the best we can do.）What we can't get seems bette

20、r than what we have. 我們得不到的似乎要比我們已經(jīng)得到的要好。（= What we can't get seems better than what we have got.）3省略表語Are you ready? Yes, I am. 你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？ 我準(zhǔn)備好了。（am后面省略了表語ready）He is a lover of sports as he was in his youth. 他還是像年輕時那樣，是一位運動愛好者。（was后面省略了表語a lover of sports）China has been, and still is, the most po

21、pulous country in the world. 中國過去是，而且現(xiàn)在還是世界上人口最多的國家。 （= China has been the most populous country in the world and still is the most populous country in the world.）4省略賓語We have to analyze and solve problems. 我們必須分析問題解決問題。（analyze后省略了賓語problems）I struck match after match, but could not light. 我劃了一根又一根

22、火柴，但一根也沒劃著。（light后省略了賓語a match）Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you'll dry. 讓我們洗碗吧，我來洗，你來揩干。（wash和dry后面省略了賓語dishes）5省略定語He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 他花了一部分錢，其余的他都存了起來。（the rest后面省略了定語of the money）6省略狀語(Even) The wisest man cannot know everything. 即使最聰明的人也不能無所不知。Mary spoke (rudely), and John answered rudely. 瑪麗說得粗魯，約翰答得也粗魯。He was