國貿(mào)課件Unit2 General Procedures of Export and Import

1、Unit 2 General Procedures of Export and Import TransactionGeneral procedures of export transaction A. Preparation for exportingnmarket research: a process of conducting research into a specified market for a particular productnFind out:n the needs of the marketn the methods by which the products can

2、 be supplied(1) ResearchnResearch on the countries or regionsnTo investigate their political, financial and economic conditions; nTo come to know their laws and regulations concerning foreign trade, foreign exchange control, customs tariffs and commercial practices.nTo get to know their foreign trad

3、e situation (the structure, quantity, volume of exporting and importing commodities, trading partners and trade restrictions)nResearch on the marketnDo research on the production, consumption, price and its trend concerning a particular commodity.nResearch on the customernConduct an investigation on

4、 credit information, the importers reputation, and business sizenSources of information:n1) Commerce Agencies in Foreign Countriesn2) Trade associationsn3) Banksn4) Chamber of Commercen5) Enquiry Agenciesn6) the buyers (2) Promotionnsales literaturenpoint of sale advertisingnpackagingnsponsorshipnsh

5、owroomsntrade fair and exhibitionnpublicitynpublic relationsB. Business negotiationEnquiry 詢盤詢盤na starter of business transactionnGeneral enquiry: a request of business information about the price lists, catalogues, samples and details about goods or trade terms so on. nSpecific enquiry: a request o

6、f information for specific goods. Offer nto present for sale and bid a pricenoffer: a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into a contract.nfirm offernnon-firm offernFirm offer: a kind of offer which is made to a specific person or persons to express or imply a definite intention of

7、the offeror to make a contract under a clear, complete and final trade termsnthe exporter cannot refuse to sell the goods he offers if it is acceptednusually has a time limitnNon-firm offer：an offer without engagement. ( unclear, incomplete and with reservation)ne.g. Subject to our final confirmatio

8、n Subject to our written acceptancenCounter-offer: a reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but contains additions, limitations or other modificationsne.g. YOUR PRICE TOO HIGH COUNTEROFFER XX REPLY 14TH (你方價(jià)太高，還盤XX，限14日復(fù)） YOUR 20TH LOWEST USD70 REPLY 8TH HERE (你20日電，最低價(jià)70美元，8日復(fù)到）Accept

9、ancenAcceptance is a statement made by or other conduct of the offeree indicating unconditional assent to an offer.nContract is concluded. Conclusion of sales contractnindispensable terms in a contract: the name of seller and buyer, the description of the goods, quality and specification, quantity,

10、packing, unit price, amount, payment, date of delivery, shipping, insurance, inspection, claim and arbitration.nSales contract and sales confirmation is normally made out in two originals.nC. Implementation of Contractn1. Preparing goods for shipmentnPrepare goods for shipmentnCheck: quality, specif

11、ication, quantity, marking, packing, the datenQualitynSale by inspection nSale by samplenSale by specification （憑規(guī)格買賣）nSale by grade （憑等級(jí)買賣）nSale by standardnQuantitynSystem of weights and measures 度量衡制度 nMetric system (公制) ：千克（kg）和米(meter)nBritish system（英制）：基本單位為榜（pound）和碼 (yard)。為英聯(lián)邦國家所采用，而英國因加入歐

12、盟，在一體化進(jìn)程中已宣布放棄英制，采用公制。nU.S. system（美制）：基本單位和英制相同，為磅(pound) 和碼 (yard)、但有個(gè)別派生單位不一致。如英制為長噸(long ton or gross ton)等于2240磅，而美制為短噸(short ton)等于2000磅。n International system of units，SI（國際單位制）：是國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)量組織在公制基礎(chǔ)上制定公布的。其基本單位包括千克(kilogram)、米(meter)、秒(second)、摩爾(mole/mol)、坎德拉(candela)、安培(ampere)和卡(calorie)等七種。nPac

13、kingnTransport packing (outer packing) 運(yùn)輸包裝(外包裝或大包裝)nSmall packing（inner packing）銷售包裝（內(nèi)包裝或小包裝）nNeutral packing 中性包裝nMarkingn外貿(mào)中的“嘜頭”是運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志另一種稱呼，是為了便于識(shí)別貨物，防止錯(cuò)發(fā)貨，通常由型號(hào)，圖形或收貨單位簡稱，目的港，件數(shù)或批號(hào)等組成。通常是由一個(gè)簡單的幾何圖形和一些字母、數(shù)字及簡單的文字組成，其作用在于使貨物在裝卸、運(yùn)輸、保管過程中容易被有關(guān)人員識(shí)別，以防錯(cuò)發(fā)錯(cuò)運(yùn)。2. Inspection ApplicationnBefore delivery, th

14、e manufacturers shall make a precise and comprehensive inspection of the goods with regard to its quality, specifications, performance and quantity of weight, and issue an inspection certificate certifying the technical data and conclusion of the inspection.nInspection certificate 檢驗(yàn)檢疫證書nThe commodi

15、ty inspection authorities issue inspection statements called the inspection certificate after the commodities have undergone inspection.Categories:nInspection certificate of quality: 品質(zhì)檢驗(yàn)證書nInspection certificate of weight or quantity: 重量或數(shù)量檢驗(yàn)證書nSanitary inspection certificate: 衛(wèi)生檢驗(yàn)證書nVeterinary ins

16、pection certificate獸醫(yī)檢驗(yàn)證書nDisinfection inspection certificate: 消毒檢驗(yàn)證書nCertificate of value: 價(jià)值檢驗(yàn)證書nInspection of certificate of origin: 原產(chǎn)地檢驗(yàn)證書n商檢證書的有效期限，一般貨物是從發(fā)證之日起算，2個(gè)月內(nèi)有效；鮮果，鮮蛋為2-3個(gè)星期；植物檢疫為3個(gè)星期。3. Reminding, Examining and Modifying L/CnThe buyer should establish the L/C on timenReminding: The sel

17、ler urges the buyer to expedite the opening of L/CnExamining: The seller examines the receipt of L/CnRefer to the contract and UCP 600nUCP：跟單信用狀統(tǒng)一慣例與實(shí)務(wù)（Uniform Customs and Practice for Commercial Documentary Credits）nModifying: If any discrepancies exist, the seller should contact the buyer immediat

18、ely for necessary amendments so as to guarantee the smooth execution of the contract4. Chartering and booking shipping spacenAfter receiving the L/CnChartering: goods of large quantity which needs full shiploadnSpace booking: goods in small quantities5. Customs formalities nDeclare 報(bào)關(guān)，報(bào)關(guān)，即貨物的申報(bào)，是指貨物所有人或其代理人在貨物進(jìn)出境時(shí)向海關(guān)申請報(bào)驗(yàn)，交驗(yàn)海關(guān)所規(guī)定的各種單證，以接受海關(guān)的監(jiān)督與檢查。6. Insurancen投保單：insurance applicationn凡按CIF條件成交的出口合同，賣方在裝船前均須按照合同的規(guī)定向保險(xiǎn)公司辦理投保手續(xù)，填寫投保單。投保人投保時(shí)，應(yīng)將貨物名稱，保額，運(yùn)輸路線，運(yùn)輸工具，開航日期，投保險(xiǎn)別等一一列明。保險(xiǎn)公司接受投保后，即簽發(fā)保險(xiǎn)單或保險(xiǎn)憑證。7. Documents Preparation for Bank Negotiation制單結(jié)匯nRequirements of the documents