延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與短暫性動(dòng)詞講解與練習(xí)

1、短暫性動(dòng)詞，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 姓名： 短暫性動(dòng)詞（終止性動(dòng)詞） ，是指動(dòng)作一旦發(fā)生就很快就結(jié)束。它不能和一段時(shí) 間連用。這類動(dòng)詞有： go, come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry等；短暫性動(dòng)詞的肯定式不能與表示一段時(shí)間的 for 或 since 或 how long 等狀語連用。 但是，在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 是指動(dòng)作發(fā)生后還可以延續(xù)一段時(shí)間或者相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間。如： live, work, study, learn, sleep 等，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以和表示一段的時(shí)間狀語連用。值得注意的是，表示

2、一段時(shí)間的狀語除了“ for+ 一段時(shí)間”外，還有 since+n./ 從句（時(shí)間點(diǎn)），since+ 時(shí)間段+ago，疑問詞 how long ，in the past+ 時(shí)間段， all these+時(shí)間段， from to （時(shí)間點(diǎn)）以及 till/until+n./ 句子等等。例如：1. 這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。The old man has died for ten years. （ ）（die “死”短暫性動(dòng)詞，不能與 for+ 一段時(shí)間連用）The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.（）（die be de

3、ad，die 是短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示死的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作很快就結(jié)束了，變成 了表示狀態(tài)的 be dead ，dead是 die 的形容詞，表示死了的狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù)）2. 我買了這塊手表五年了。I have bought this watch for five years.（ ）（ buy“買”短暫性動(dòng)詞，不能與 for+ 一段時(shí)間連用） I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. （）（buy have，buy 這個(gè)動(dòng)作在付完錢已經(jīng)結(jié)束了， 買完后是擁有 have 的狀態(tài)，have 可以延續(xù)）3. 我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。I have

4、left hometown for 10 years.（）（ leave “離開”短暫性動(dòng)詞，不能與for+ 一段時(shí)間連用） I have been away from hometown for 10 years. （） （leave be away，leave 這個(gè)動(dòng)作在走了的時(shí)候已經(jīng)結(jié)束了，走了以后，是我不在 這里的狀態(tài)， be away 表示不在，離開的狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù)） 但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與時(shí)間段連用。 如：I haven t bought the bike for a year.我買這輛自行車還不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來這

5、兒還沒有一個(gè)小時(shí)。如果短暫性動(dòng)詞與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用，必須將短暫性動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：buy / get have,borrow keep ，havedie be deadfinishbe over,Close be closedleave be away(from )open be openmarry be marriedfall asleep be asleepfall (get) illbe illgo out be outget up be upput on wear/be onMove to live income/go/bec

6、ome bego to school be in school/be astudentbegin/start be onbegin to study studyGet to know knowwake/wake up be awakeLose/die/sell/leave begone catch/geta cold have a coldjoin /take part in be in/be a membero fcome/arrive/reach/get tobe inreturn to/come back to/go back to be back(to) come(arrive,rea

7、ch,get) here/go (arrive,reach,get) therebe here (there)練習(xí)：一、找出下列句子中的短暫性動(dòng)詞和對(duì)應(yīng)句子中的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例：He died 10 years ago. / He has been dead for 10 years. diebe dead1. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. /He has kept the book for 2bought the bike a month ago. /He has had the bike for a month. arrived here last ye

8、ar./He has been here since last year. 4. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. /The light has been on for 2 hours. 5. He left here 2 years ago. /He has been away from here for 2 years. 6. The film began 30 minutes ago. /The film has been on for 30 opened the door an hour ago. /The door has been open

9、 for an hour. 8.They closed the door an hour ago. /The door has been closed for an hour. 二、選擇題。( ) grandfather for two years.A. diedB. has died C. has been dead D. has been died( )s six weeks I met you last. A. when B. since C. beforeD. For( ) father _ the Party since 1978 . B. has joined in . been

10、in( )4. Do you know him well ? Sure .We friends since ten yearsago . were . have been . have become . have made( ) up! The play for ten minutes . has begun. had begun. has been on . Began( ) ten years since he left the army. is . has . will .Was( ) unclefor more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has

11、started to work C. has lived there D. hasleft the city( )8. How long has Robert ? Since 2004. A. been in BeijingB.becomea policeman C. joined the art club D. studied in this school( ) fatherthe Party since 1978.A. joined B. has joined C.was inD. has beenin( ) long have you the library book ?-For abo

12、ut two weeks .A. borrow B. borrowed C. are borrowing D. kept( ) long has he this car? -For two years.A. buy B. bought C. had D. buys( ) he arrived at the bus stop, the bus for 20 minutes.A. has leftB. had left C. has been away D. had beenaway( )13The factory since the February of 1988.A . has been o

13、pen B. has openedC. was open D. opened( )14. Mary and Rose friends since they met in 2000.A. have madeB. have beenC. made D. havebecome( )15. You mustnt until he comes back.A. be awayB. leaveC. be leftD. haveleft( ) meeting for a week now.A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over D. ended( ). Mi

14、ss Gao this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been in B. has come to C. has taughtD. taught( ) a teacher for 4 years .A. has been B. has become C. was D. became( ) home for a week.D. amA. have returned B. have been back C. returned returned( )20. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been de

15、adD. did, died( )21. He at eight yesterday afternoon.A. sleptB. was sleepingC. has sleep D. hadslept( ) long you ill? -Two weeks.A. did fallB. have, fell C. have, been D. have,had( ) 2000, he his hometown.A. has leftB. has moved away C. has been away fromD. Leftit for 2 days.C. take D. tookC. has be

16、en D. isC. dressing D. onC. has been up D.( )ll lend you the book , but you can only A. borrowB. keep( ) bus on the road for 2 hours so far.A. has stoppedB. stopped( ) you the jacket these days?A. wearingB. putting on( ) _ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up is up( )28. Tom is ill in hospital. He a

17、 cold for several days.A. isB. catches C. has caught D. has had( ) he arrived at the bus stop, the bus for 20 minutes.A. has leftB. had left C. has been away D. had been away( )30. He at eight yesterday afternoon.A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept( )31. How long have you here? A. com

18、e B. got C. arrivedD. been( )32. My grandpa died .D. my age was forA. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years I was 2. 6.二. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換：寫出下列句子的同義句。 例如. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.Mr. Li has taught English in this school since 1999.2. The factory opened ten years ago. The factory ten years.3. John left Beijing three years ago. John Beijing three years.4. His company opened in 2003. His company since2003.5. My father bought the car half a year ago. My father the car half a year.6. We got to know each other for about 15 year