大腦結(jié)構(gòu)解剖圖PPT課件

1、External feature The telencephalon consists of right and left cerebral hemisphere, partially separated by cerebral longitudinal fissure. The cerebral transverse fissure intervenes between the hemispheres and the cerebellum Each hemisphere has three surfaces: superolateral, medial and inferior第1頁/共39

2、頁Three principal sulci Central sulcus 中央溝 Lateral sulcus 外側(cè)溝 Parietooccipital sulcus 頂枕溝Central sulcusLateral sulcusParietooccipital sulcus第2頁/共39頁 Five lobes Frontal lobe 額葉 Parietal lobe 頂葉 Temporal lobe 顳葉 Occipital lobe 枕葉 Insular lobe 島葉Frontal lobeParietal lobeOccipital lobeTemporal lobeInsula

3、r lobe第3頁/共39頁Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surfaceFrontal lobe: Precentral sulcus 中央前溝 Superior frontal sulcus 額上溝 Inferior frontal sulcus 額下溝 Precentral gyrus 中央前回 Superior frontal gyrus 額上回 Middle frontal gyrus 額中回 Inferior frontal gyrus 額下回第4頁/共39頁Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surfacePrecent

4、ral sulcus Precentral gyrus Superior frontal sulcus Inferior frontal sulcus Superior,middleand inferioe frontal gyri 第5頁/共39頁P(yáng)arietal lobe: Postcentral sulcus 中央后溝 Postcentral gyrus中央后回 Intraparietal sulcus 頂內(nèi)溝 Superior parietal lobule 頂上小葉 Inferior parietal lobule 頂下小葉 Supramarginal gyrus 緣上回 Angul

5、ar gyrus 角回第6頁/共39頁Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface Postcentral sulcus Postcentral gyrus Superior parietal lobule Supramarginal gyrus Angular gyrus Intraparietal sulcus第7頁/共39頁Temporal lobe: Superior temporal sulcus 顳上溝 Inferior temporal sulcus 顳下溝 Superior temporal gyrus 顳上回 Middle temporal

6、gyrus 顳中回 Inferior temporal gyrus 顳下回 Transverse temporal gyri 顳橫回第8頁/共39頁Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface Superior temporal sulcus Inferior temporal sulcus Superior temporal gyrus Middle temporal gyrus Inferior temporal gyrus 第9頁/共39頁Transverse temporal gyri 第10頁/共39頁Sulci and gyri of Supero

7、lateral surfacePrecentral sulcus Precentral gyrus Superior frontal sulcus Inferior frontal sulcus Superior,middleand inferioe frontal gyri Postcentral sulcus Postcentral gyrus Superior parietal lobule Supramarginal gyrus Angular gyrus Superior temporal sulcus Inferior temporal sulcus Superior tempor

8、al gyrus Middle temporal gyrus Inferior temporal gyrus 第11頁/共39頁Sulci and gyri of medial surface Corpus callosum 胼胝體 Callosal sulcus 胼胝體溝 Cingulate sulcus 扣帶溝 Cingulate gyrus扣帶回 Marginal ramus 緣支 Paracentral lobule 中央旁小葉 Calcarine sulcus 距狀溝 Cuneus 楔葉 Lingual gyrus 舌回第12頁/共39頁Sulci and gyri of media

9、l surfaceCorpus callosum Callosal sulcus cingulate gyrus Cingulate sulcus Marginal ramus Paracentral lobule Calcarine sulcus CuneusParietooccipital sulcusLingual gyrus第13頁/共39頁Sulci and gyri of inferior surface Olfactory bulb 嗅球 Olfactory tract 嗅束 Olfactory trigone 嗅三角 Anterior perforated substance

10、前穿質(zhì) Collateral sulcus 側(cè)副溝 Occipitotemporal sulcus 枕顳溝 Medial occipitotemporal gyrus 枕顳內(nèi)側(cè)回 Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus 枕顳外側(cè)回 Hippocampal sulcus 海馬溝 Parahippocampal gyrus 海馬旁回 Uncus 鉤 Hippocampus 海馬 Dentate gyrus 齒狀回 Hippocampal formation 海馬結(jié)構(gòu)第14頁/共39頁Inferior surfaceOlfactory bulb Olfactory tract

11、Olfactory trigone Anterior perforated substance Collateral sulcus Occipitotemporal sulcusMedial and lateraloccipitotemporal gyri Parahippocampal gyrus Uncus 第15頁/共39頁HippocampusDentate gyrus Hippocampal formation 第16頁/共39頁Histology of the cerebral cortex Archicortex 原皮質(zhì) (hippocampal formation 海馬結(jié)構(gòu))

12、Paleocortex 古皮質(zhì) (rhinencephalon 嗅腦) Neocortex 新皮質(zhì) (most of cerebral cortex)3 cell layers6 cell layers第17頁/共39頁第18頁/共39頁Functional location of cerebral cortex第19頁/共39頁First somatic motor area 第一軀第一軀體運(yùn)動區(qū)體運(yùn)動區(qū)Position: located in precentral gyrus and anterior portion of paracentral lobule第20頁/共39頁First

13、somatic motor area第一軀第一軀體運(yùn)動區(qū)體運(yùn)動區(qū)Characters Representation is inverted, but head and face are upright A body part is represented by a cortical area proportional to its use rather than its size Receiving fibers from postcentral gyrus, VA, VL and VPL, sending out fibers to form pyramidal tract, control

14、ling voluntary movements 第21頁/共39頁First somatic sensory area第一軀體第一軀體感覺區(qū)感覺區(qū)Positionlies in postcentral gyrus and posterior portion of paracentral lobule第22頁/共39頁First somatic sensory area第一軀體第一軀體感覺區(qū)感覺區(qū)Characters Sensory representation, like motor area, is crossed and inverted Receiving and interpret

15、sensation from opposite side of body第23頁/共39頁Auditory area 聽區(qū)聽區(qū) Located in transverse temporal gyri Receive auditory information from both ears第24頁/共39頁Visual area 視區(qū)視區(qū) Lie on either side of calcarine sulcus in medial surface of occipital lobe Visual cortex of one hemisphere receives impression from

16、 temporal part of retina of same side and nasal part of opposite side Lesions of visual cortex produce contralateral homonymous visual field defections 第25頁/共39頁 Vestibular area平衡覺區(qū): located in front of superior temporal gyrus Olfactory area 嗅覺區(qū): located near the uncus Taste area 味覺區(qū): located at fro

17、ntal operculum第26頁/共39頁Language area 語言中樞語言中樞It is dominant in left hemisphere in right-handed person Motor speech area 運(yùn)動性語言中樞 Located in posterior portion of inferior frontal gyrus Damage: motor aphasia Writing area 書寫中樞 Located in posterior portion of middle frontal gyrus Damage: agraphia Auditor

18、y speech area 聽覺性語言中樞 Located in posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus Lesion: sensory aphasia Visual speech area 視覺性語言中樞 Located in angular gyrus Lesion: alexia第27頁/共39頁Lateral ventricle 側(cè)腦室 Position: located in cerebral hemispheres Four parts Central part: lies in parietal lobe Anterior hor

19、n: extends into frontal lobe Posterior horn extend into occipital lobe Inferior horn: extend into temporal lobeInternal structures第28頁/共39頁 Communicationlateral ventricle interventricular foramen third ventricle第29頁/共39頁Basal nuclei 基底核基底核 Corpus striatum 紋狀體 Lentiform nucleus 豆?fàn)詈?Caudate nucleus 尾狀

20、核 Claustrum 屏狀核 Amygdaloid body 杏仁體Globus pallidus 蒼白球putamen 殼Neostriatum 新紋狀體 paleostriatum 舊紋狀體第30頁/共39頁第31頁/共39頁White matterAssociation fibers 聯(lián)絡(luò)纖維 Run between gyri within the same hemisphere Cerebral arcuate fibers 大腦弓狀纖維 Superior longitudinal fasciculi 上縱束 Inferior longitudinal fasciculi 下縱束 U

21、ncinate fasciculus 鉤束 Cingulum 扣帶第32頁/共39頁Commissural fibers 連合纖維 run between left and right hemisphere Corpus callosum胼胝體: rostrum, genu, trunk, splenium Anterior commissure 前連合 Fornix and commissure of fornix 穹隆和穹隆連合第33頁/共39頁P(yáng)rojection fibers投射纖維: connect cortex with lower part of brain and spinal

22、 cord and they include both ascending and descending fibers Internal capsule Position: a thick lamina of white matter lying between caudate nucleus, thalamus and lentiform nucleus第34頁/共39頁第35頁/共39頁Three parts Anterior limb of internal capsule 內(nèi)囊前肢 Lies between caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus C

23、ontaining frontopontine tract and anterior thalamic radiation Genu of internal capsule 內(nèi)囊膝 Is angle at which anterior and posterior limbs meet Containing corticonuclear tract Posterior limb of internal capsule 內(nèi)囊后肢 Lies between thalamus and lentiform nucleus Contain corticospinal tract, corticorubral tract, central thalamic radiation, parieto-occipito-temporo-pontine tract, acoustic radiation and optic radiation第36頁/共39頁Anterior thal