中考英語動詞分類講解及練習(xí)(有答案)

1、中考英語動詞分類講解及練習(xí)（有答案）動詞綜合講解表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞叫做動詞?？梢苑譃橐韵滤念悾侯悇e例句使用特點實義/行為 動詞及物動詞love, makeP后跟賓語不及物動詞go, rise后不跟賓語連系動詞be, look后跟表語助動詞be, have, do, shall, will, did本身沒有詞義，后跟動詞 原形或分詞，構(gòu)成疑問句 或否定句等情態(tài)動詞can, may, mist本身有詞義，后跟動詞原 形，構(gòu)成謂語一、實義動詞D及物動詞與不及物動詞根據(jù)后面是否帶賓語，行為動詞又可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞，及物動詞。Vt. vi .They study hard.I know them

2、 well.注：有的動詞既可作及物動詞，也可用作不及物動詞。如：She sings very well.She sang an English song just now.英語里有不少實義動詞可以兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞Shall I begin at once?She began working as a librarian after she left school.When did they leave Chicago?They left last week.短語：D動態(tài)動詞和靜態(tài)動詞動態(tài)動詞表示動作，如give, take, work, run等；靜態(tài)動詞表示感覺、情感、內(nèi)心世界、相互

3、關(guān)系等，如 know, exist, be, have, appear, prove, concern, hate, dislike, like, love, surprise, include, depend on, belong to, guess, supposeimagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy 等。D延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞根據(jù)動作是否延續(xù)，行為動詞又分為延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞。如 rain, live, work, learn等是延續(xù)，性動詞， go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, en

4、的是I上延續(xù)，性動詞。注：非延續(xù)性動詞在肯定句中通常不與表示時間段連用的for短語連用。如：譯他離開這里三天了。誤He has left here for three days.正He has been away from here for three days.正He left here three days ago.正It ' s three days since he left.限定動詞與非限定動詞限定動詞在句中作謂語，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。非限定動詞有動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞三種、也叫非謂語動詞，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。The room needs cleaning.、連系動詞系動詞亦

5、稱連系動詞，作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語 (亦稱補語)，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。系動詞后不可接副詞，接的是形容詞。1. be動詞He is a teacher. (is與補足語一起說明主語的身份。)I am fine.2. keep, rest, remain, stayHe always kept silent at meeting.他開會時總保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一個謎。3. 表示"看起來像"這一概念，主要有 seem, appear, lookHe looks t

6、ired. He seems (to be) very sad. 4. feel, smell, sound, tasteThis kind of cloth feels very soft.This flower smells very sweet.5 . become, grow, turn, fall (asleep) , get, go, come, run.He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time.6 .終止系動詞。表示主語已終止動作，主要有 prove, turn out,表達(dá)"證實"

7、，"變成"之意，The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. (turn out 表終止性結(jié)果)7 .使役動詞：let,have,make使，讓 Let /make somebody do sthThe teacher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school.Make sb/sth adj.The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful.Have somebody do sth讓某人

8、做某事Have sth done讓某物被做My mother haves me make the bed. I have my hair cut/washed.有些動詞它們既可以用作實義動詞，又可以用作連系動詞。另外be還可用作助動詞。它們的用法不同，詞義和句型結(jié)構(gòu)也有所不同。例如：Look at the blackboard, please青看黑板。(look 用作實義動詞)He looks a little tired.他略顯疲倦。(look用作連系動詞)They are at work他們在工作。(are用作連系動詞)They are working他們正在工作。(are用作助動詞，幫助

9、構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進行時)三、助動詞協(xié)助主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語動詞詞組的詞叫助動詞。助動詞是語法功能詞，自身沒有詞義，不可單獨使用，它沒有對應(yīng)的漢譯，例如： He doesn't like English. (doesn't是助動詞，無詞義； like是主要動詞，有詞義)1、助動詞 be(is, am,are,was,were), have(has, had, having), do(did,does).*do(does, did)的用法(1)構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句(How) did you know ? He does not smoke.(2)加強語氣。He did tell that.Do

10、come and see us.(3)代替前面剛出現(xiàn)的動詞，避免重復(fù)。-You like popular music, don't you? -Yes , I do.He speaks French as fluently as she does.(4)用于倒裝句中。Never did he pay attention to my words.Only then did I understand the importance of English.(5)構(gòu)成否定的祈使句。Don't be so careless.Do not hesitate to come for help.

11、四、情態(tài)動詞1 .情態(tài)動詞的定義及特征：情態(tài)動詞是表示情感、態(tài)度的動詞。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。情態(tài)動詞有詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，它們必須與句子中的實義動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。常見的情態(tài)動詞有：shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, dare,need, ought to, had betted。2 .情態(tài)動詞的用法：1) can與could的區(qū)別與用法：can能，能夠”，多用于表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)砜赡芑蚰軌蜃瞿呈隆＠纾?He can use a computer.他會用電腦。Can you help me with my

12、English?你能幫我學(xué)習(xí)英語嗎？could是can的過去式，多用來指過去能夠或可能做的事。例如：I could speak excellent French as a child.我孩童時，能夠說一口流利的法語。但could也可用于指現(xiàn)在，是表示禮貌的一種說法。例如： Could you answer my question?你能回答我的問題嗎？(1) can與could表示能力:例如： She can speak a little Chinese now.她現(xiàn)在能說一些漢語。 Tom could cook when he was a small boy.還是一個孩子時湯姆就會做飯。當(dāng)ca

13、n表示能力時可用be able to代替，二者的區(qū)別是can只有過去式，而be able to有更多 的時態(tài)形式，而且還有人稱變化。例如： You will be able to run again after the operation.你手術(shù)以后將可以再次跑步。My little brother has been able to dress himself.我的弟弟已經(jīng)可以自己穿衣服了。以上兩例句中均不可用 can代換be able td(2)表示允許、準(zhǔn)許時can與may可互換：例如： Can /May I borrow your bike tomorrow?我明天可以借你的自行車嗎？Y

14、ou can' smoke here.你不可以在這里吸煙。(3)表示可能性時can/could常用于否定句、疑問句表示說話人的懷疑、猜測和不肯定：初如：Can he be at home now? 他現(xiàn)在能在家嗎？This news can' be true.這條消息不現(xiàn)實2) may與 might的用法及區(qū)別：may多指現(xiàn)在，而might是may的過去式，既可指過去也可指現(xiàn)在(1)表示請求許可時 might比can正式：例如： May I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行車嗎？May I take these magazines out of the rea

15、ding room?我可以把這本雜志拿出房間嗎？He asked me if he might go there.他問我他是否可以去那。(2 ) may和might表示可能性時，常用于肯定句，這時might與may都暗含不確定的意思，might比may更為不確定：例如： A: Where is John?約翰在哪里？B: He may be at the library他可能在圖書館。Mike hasn ' t come to school. might be 川 at home.邁克沒有來上學(xué)，他可能病了。(3) might在口語中常代替may,語氣更加緩和、委婉：例如：May I

16、speak to him now? 我現(xiàn)在可以和他講話嗎？Might I leave a message for him?我給他留 口信好嗎？ 在用may提問時否定回答常用 mustn'或may not,表示 不行，不可以”：例如：A: May I go now?我可以走了嗎？B:No, you mustn' t/may not 不，不可以。3) must與have to的用法及區(qū)別：(1) must表示人的一種主觀意志；表示必須要做的事：初如： We must protect our environment.我們必須保護環(huán)境。must也可以表示過去情況，一般用在間接引語和賓語

17、從句中。例如： He told me he must go to school today.他告訴我他今天必須上學(xué)。(2) must可以表示一種推測(只有在肯定句中)：例如： They must be very happy because they have won the game.他們一定很高興，因為他們贏了這場比賽。He must be working for the light is on.他一定在工作，因為燈還亮著。(3) have to也有必須之意，但must表示說話人的主觀看法，而have to則表示客觀義務(wù)和需 要，即不得不"。must的否定式是mustn'

18、t 而 have to 的否定式是 don' t have to/doesn ' t have to/dhOve to must無人稱時 態(tài)變化，have to則有。mustn'展示禁止、不許、不要，而 don' t have toft示不必：例如： I must go now.我現(xiàn)在必須走。You must tell me the truth.你得對我說實話。I have to go now because I will attend an important meeting.我不得不走，因為我將參加一個重要的會議。You will have to stay

19、at home for it is going to rain.你得呆在家里，因為要下雨了。She has had to read the letter for 3 times for my granny.她只好給奶奶將信讀三遍。You don' t have texplain any more. I have understood.你不必再解釋，我明白了。(4)在回答must引起的問句時，肯定回答用 must,而否定回答要用needn'或don' t/doesn ' t have to：例如：A: Must I come back in 5 minutes?我

20、必須五分鐘后回來嗎？B:No, you needn' t/you don ' t have tYes, you must.不，沒有必要/是的，你必須。4) need和dare的用法及區(qū)別：need和dare既可作情態(tài)動詞又可作行為動詞。(1)need和dare作情態(tài)動詞用時只用于否定句和疑問句。need和dare用作情態(tài)動詞無詞形變化：例如：It ' s shiny today. You needitake your umbrella.今天天氣晴朗，你不需帶雨傘。Need I help you with these boxes?我需要幫你拿這些盒子嗎？How dare

21、you say it ' s unfair.你怎么能說這是不公平的。I dare not drive on the busy street by myself.我不能獨自在擁擠的街道上駕駛。need和dare作實義動詞時，后面常跟動t不定式用作實義動詞，need和dare有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)變化。在構(gòu)成否定句時與其它及物動詞一樣，其前面加 do/does/did再加not,變成 疑問句時用do/does/did來提問：例如： When the bear came at him he didn dare to breathe. 當(dāng)熊朝他們走來時，他們不敢呼吸廠You don ' ne

22、ed to hand the paper today.你今天不必寫論文。Does he need to see a doctor?他需要看醫(yī)生嗎？5) shall與will的區(qū)別：(1) shall與will可以用作助動詞，幫助動詞構(gòu)成一般將來時，shall, will也可用作情態(tài)動詞，表示請求或建議：例如： We 11 start a new lesson.我們將學(xué)新課。(將來時)Will you close the window?將窗子關(guān)上好嗎？(表建議請求)Shall I play computer games?我可以玩電子游戲嗎？(表示建議)(2)當(dāng)will, shall用于表示建議和

23、請求時，對應(yīng)的答語簡表如下:句型肯定回答否定回答Will you-?Yes,Iwill/Sure/Allright/Certainly 等No, I won ' t. I ' m sorry I can No, thank you.Shall I ,es, please.Yes, thank you.No, you' dbetter not.Shallwe？All right.Yes, let ' s.I ' m sorry I can No, we' d better not.t.t.6) would的用法：would是will的過去式，wou

24、ld可以和動詞原形一起構(gòu)成過去將來時，也 可以用作情態(tài)動詞，表示一種禮貌的請求和委婉的語氣。would常用在以下三個句型中。(1) Would you ？ (would you 比加川 you 更客氣一些)：例如： Would you tell me how I can get to the Summer Palace?您可以告訴我怎樣到頤和園嗎？Would you help me translate it into English?您可以幫我把它翻譯成英語嗎？(2) 主語+ would like to 的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 想要”：例如：I would like to sing an English

25、 song for all of you.我想要為你們大家唱一首英文歌曲。(3) Would you like sth.或 Would you like to do sth.表示禮貌地請求或勸說: 例如： Would you like some coffee? 來點咖啡好嗎？Would you like to enjoy a concert this weekend? 這個周末參加一個音樂會好嗎？7) should與ought to的用法及區(qū)別：should與ought to兩者都是 應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”的意思，二者?？梢曰Q。ought to的否定式是oughtn ' t 4oought的疑

26、問式只把 ought提到主語之 前即可。(1) You ought to tell him the bad news.你應(yīng)該告訴他這個壞消息。(2) Ought I to finish the work before Friday?我非得在星期五之前完成工作嗎？(3) You should/ought to study hard.你應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。情態(tài)動詞習(xí)題：1. Mr Wang be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing this morning.A. mustn ' tB. may not C. can ' t D. needn '

27、t2. -Must I stay at home, Mum? -No, you.A. needn ' t B. mustn ' t C. don ' t D. may not3. -Can you go swimming with us this afternoon?-Sorry, I can t. I take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill.A. can B. may C. would D. have to4. -May I go to the cinema, Mum?-Certai

28、nly. But you be back by 11 o clock.A. can B. may C. must D. need5. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish into the river.A. needn t be thrown B. mustn t be thrownC. can t throw D. may not throw6. -May I go out to play basketball, Dad?-No, you . You must finish your homework first.A. mustn t B. may

29、 not C. couldn t D. needn t7. -Where is Jack, please ?-He be in the reading room.A. can B. need C. wouldD. mustA. musn t B. may not C. can t D. needn t8. -Mum, may I watch TV now?-Sure, but you help me with my housework first.A. can B. may C. must D. could9. The boy said he had to speak English in c

30、lass, but he speak it after calss.A. could B. didn t have to C. might D. shouldn t10. John go there with us tonight, but he isn t very sure about it.A. must B. can C. will D. may11. Even the top students in our class can t work out this problem. So itd_if_fi_cu_l_t. be veryA. can B. may C. must D. n

31、eed12. It s still early. You .A.mustn t hurry B. wouldn t hurryC. may not hurry D. don t have to hurry13. A computer think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. can t B. couldnt C. may not D. might not14. -Could I borrow your dictionary? - Yes, of course you .A. might B. will C. can D. should15.

32、 _ I know your name?A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Must16. I like to know where you were born.A. shall B. should C. does D. may17. you be happy!A. Might B. Must C. Wish D. May1-5 CADCB 6-10 ADCBD11-15 CDACA 16-17 BD、英語閱讀理解專項練習(xí)試卷1 閱讀下列短文，從每小題所給的四個選項中，選出一個最佳選項。Once there was a small hotel whose keeper was

33、 always caring about money.One day, a businessman arrived. The keeper looked at the man's thick wallet and thought, "Oh, I wish that all the money could be mine!" The businessman didn't notice that, so he ordered the most expensive room and went to his room to dress for dinner.Arou

34、nd the hotel, there were some beautiful ginger（ 姜） plants. Many people said that eating the buds（ 芽 ） of ginger would make a person forgetful.The keeper thought, "If I serve some buds of ginger to the businessman, he may be forgetful to take his wallet!" Then she went to the kitchen.Soon,

35、businessman came downstairs and asked for dinner. The keeper was very excited as she served the dish to him. "Delicious!" said the rich man. When dinner was finished, he went to bed happily.In the next morning, the keeper saw the businessman leaving from the front door. As soon as he was o

36、ut of sight, she ran up to his room. She looked all over the room for the wallet, but she couldn't find it. Suddenly, she noticed a piece of paper on the floor. It was the businessman's bill（ 賬單 ）. He had forgotten to pay it! She ran down the stairs, out of the front door, and across the roa

37、d until she was out of breath, but the businessman was already far, far away. "I'm so silly!” " cried the keeper.（ 1） The keeper came up with an idea to own the businessman's money when .A. she dressed herselfB. she cooked the meal in the kitchenC. the businessman went upstairs hap

38、pilyD. she thought of the buds of ginger around her hotel（ 2） The keeper ran into the businessman's room as soon as he left because .A. she wanted to find the man's billB. she wanted to find the key to the man's roomC. she wanted to check if the man had left his money thereD. she wanted

39、to see if the man had broken anything in the room（ 3） Which if the following is NOT true according to this passage?A. The keeper realized the buds of ginger didn't work in the end.B. The keeper ran after the businessman because of the bill.C. The businessman didn't know the rumor （ 謠言 ） abou

40、t the buds of ginger.D. The businessman didn't pay the keeper's bill because he lost his money.【答案】 （ 1 ） D（ 2） C（ 3） D【解析】 【分析】文章大意：一個貪財?shù)穆玫昀习逭斓胗浿X，一天一個商人來住店了，他認(rèn)為商人有很多錢，于是就動了心思，他記著有些人說吃了姜芽可以讓人失去記憶，于是他就給商人吃了姜芽，第二天當(dāng)商人出門之后，他去了房間找錢，但是啥也沒有，只發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個賬單，那是住店的賬單，這是他想起 來了，商人還沒有結(jié)賬就走了。11）細(xì)節(jié)理解題， 根據(jù) Around

41、 the hotel, there were some beautiful ginger（ 姜）plants. Many people said that eating the buds（芽）of ginger would make a person forgetful.可知，當(dāng)他想起了旅店周圍的姜的時候，想起了 一個把商人的錢占為己有的方法，故答案是Do（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題， 根據(jù) As soon as he was out of sight, she ran up to his room. She looked all over the room for the wallet, but she

42、 couldn't find it. 可知，他去房間是為了找商人的錢，故答案是C。（3）正誤判斷題，根據(jù) He had forgotten to pay it!可知沒因為商人喪失了記憶力，忘記了結(jié)賬，故答案 是D?！军c評】考查閱讀理解，本文主要涉及到了細(xì)節(jié)理解題和正誤判斷題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題相對簡單，一般可以直 接從文中找到答案或者解題依據(jù)。正誤判斷題是細(xì)節(jié)理解的一種題型，也是根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進行判斷的。2.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的幾個選項中，選出最佳選項。What subject do you worry about the most at school? Many students wor

43、ry about math. Some students can't sleep well the day before a math exam. Others may feel very nervous during the exam itself. But there might be a way to make the subject less stressful（壓力大的 ）."For people who are worried about math, posture （姿勢）makes a big difference," Erik Paper from

44、 San Francisco State University told the Daily Mail . That's right sitting up straight can help you do better on math exams.Scientists tested 125 college students. They asked them to do a simple math exam while sitting in a slumped-over （期l倒的）posture, or sitting up straight. After the test, 56 p

45、ercent of students said the exam was easier to do if they were sitting up straight.Slumping over is a defensive（ 戒備的）posture. It can bring about bad memories in the body and brain. This can stop you from thinking clearly, Paper said.Students who were not nervous about taking the math exam did not ne

46、cessarily benefit（ 受益）from better posture. But they did find that doing math while slumped over was more difficult, Science Dailyreported.Good posture isn't just helpful for taking math exams. Sportspeople, musicians and public speakers can all benefit from better posture. When you feel stressed

47、 out, you can also try to sit up straight or stand tall. It can help you feel more certain and focus better.11） What posture can make people feel less stressed during math exams?A. Sitting up straight.B. Hanging your head.C. Lying on your back.D. Raising one hand.（2） What did the scientists ask the

48、college students to do during the test?A. To do sit-ups.B. To count numbers.C. To think carefully.D. To sit in different postures.3 3) How many students in the test benefited from the better posture?A. All the 125 students.B. Less than half of them.C. 56 percent of them.D. None of the students.(4) T

49、he fourth paragraph is written to explain .A. why slumping over makes exams harder to doB. why slumping over is bad for one's healthC. why some people slump over during examsD. why people are nervous during math exams(5) Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Slump over to T

50、ake ExamsB. Sit up to Do MathC. Better Posture for Nervous Students D. Good Advice for Better Exams【答案】(1) AD(3) C(4) A(5) B【解析】【分析】本文介紹姿勢不僅有助于參加數(shù)學(xué)考試。運動員、音樂家和演說家都可以從更好的姿勢中受益。當(dāng)你感到壓力大的時候，你也可以試著坐直或者站直。它可以幫助你更確定，更專注。(1) 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) For people who are worried about math, posture ( 姿勢)makes a big difference 和

51、That's right - sitting up straight can help you do better on math exams.可知坐直可以讓人們在數(shù)學(xué)考試中感覺壓力更小，故選A。(2)推理題。 根據(jù) They asked them to do a simple math exam while sitting in a slumped-over ( 趴倒的)posture, or sitting up straight.可知科學(xué)家在測試中要求大學(xué)生以不同的姿勢坐著，故選 D。3 3) 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) After the test, 56 percent of studen

52、ts said the exam was easier to do if they were sitting up straight可知56%的參加測試的學(xué)生從更好的姿勢中受益，故選C。4 4) 主旨題。 根據(jù) Slumping over is a defensive(戒備的)posture. It can bring about bad memories in the body and brain. This can stop you from thinking clearly,可知第四段是用來解釋為什么睡懶覺會讓考試變得更難，故選Ao5 5)主旨題。根據(jù)本文教室里姿勢有助于參加數(shù)學(xué)考試和t

53、he exam was easier to do if they were sitting upstraight ,可知標(biāo)題適合是Sit up to Do Math坐起來做數(shù)學(xué) ，故選B?！军c評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題，和主旨題，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息，主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。3 .根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。Jackie visited his grandparents on their farm. And he was playing with a slingshot(彈弓)in the woods. He p

54、ractised in the woods but he could never hit the target. As he was walking back, he saw Grandma's pet duck.Without thinking, he shot, hit the duck in the head and killed it. He was very afraid. He knew Grandma loved the duck. She would be sad or even angry if she knew that her duck was killed He

55、 then hid the dead duck under a tee His sister Susan saw it all, but she said nothing.After lunch that day Grandma said, "Susan, let's wash the dishes. "But Susan said, "Grandma. Jackie told me he wanted to help in the kitchen today, didn't you, Jackie?" And then she whis

56、pered( 小聲說)to him, "Remember the duck? "So Jackie did the dishes.Later Grandpa asked if the children wanted to go fishing, but Grandma sad, "Tm sorry but I need Susan to help clean the house." But Susan smiled and said, "Well, that's all right because Jackie told me he w

57、anted to help."And she whispered again, "Remember the duck?" So Susan went fishing with Grandpa and Jackie stayed.These "remember the duck" went on for many days. Then finally Jackie couldn't stand it any longer. He came to Grandma and told her that he had killed the duc

58、k. She gave him a hug, and said, "Sweetheart, I know. You see, I was standing at the window and I saw the whole thing. But because I love you, I forgave you. But I just wanted to see how long you would let Susan make a slave(奴隸)of you."(1) What's probably the meaning of the word "target" in this passage?A.樹干電面創(chuàng)物m標(biāo)(2) What did Jackie hit with the slingshot at last?A. The targetB. A