虛擬語(yǔ)氣專項(xiàng)講解練習(xí)

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣一直都被認(rèn)為是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，因此也便成為了各類考試的熱點(diǎn)。現(xiàn)就虛擬語(yǔ)氣的一些問題歸納如下，以幫助解決擬語(yǔ)氣這個(gè)語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)。一、動(dòng)詞wish后賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1. 用wish表示現(xiàn)在的祝愿和報(bào)歉。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ) be和were(was)，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。例：I wish the wereat home this time.2. 用wish表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的遺憾。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)或could+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例：I wish I had nt hurt him so much 。3. 用wish表示對(duì)將來(lái)事情的愿望。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為賓語(yǔ)從句的

2、謂語(yǔ)為would/could/might+ 動(dòng)詞原形。例：I wish I might beable to come tomorrow 。二、用在一般虛擬條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(一)表示與現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)1. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句：if+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be變were ) +其他主句：主語(yǔ)+would(should, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他例:If I were you, I would go with him.2. 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句：lf+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去完成時(shí)+其他主句：主語(yǔ) +should(would, could,

3、 might)+ 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + 其他。例：If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.3 ?表示對(duì)將來(lái)事實(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性不大的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句：lf+ 主語(yǔ) +should (were to )+ 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他 主句：主語(yǔ) +would (could, should, might)+動(dòng)詞原形例:If he were to go tomorrow. He might tell you.(二 )從句和主句要根據(jù)各自發(fā)所生的時(shí)間選用符合具體時(shí)間的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式1. 從句表示過(guò)去，主句表示現(xiàn)在。If the

4、y had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.2. 從句表示將來(lái)，主句表示過(guò)去。If I were not to make a preparati on for my experime nt this after noon, I would havegone to see the film with you last ni ght。3. 從句表示過(guò)去，主句表示將來(lái)。If we had n t made adequate preparati ons, we should n t dare to do the ex

5、perime ntnext week 。4 . 從句表示將來(lái)，主句表示現(xiàn)在。If we should n t have an exam this afternoon. I would go shopp ing now.由as if、as though引起的與事實(shí)相反的句子，不管主句的謂語(yǔ)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或者說(shuō)過(guò)去時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)表示的時(shí)間概念和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，都根本上與wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句相同。例：Joh n prete nds as if he did n t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.(用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè))T

6、he old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20years ago.(用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去相反的事實(shí) )They talked and talked as if they would n ever meet aga in (would+動(dòng)詞原形，表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反)四、在表示建議、命令、要求、忠告等動(dòng)詞的后面，其賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用“ should+動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣常用的此類動(dòng)詞有：表示 要求的: ask, desire, request, dema nd, require, beg

7、表示 提議、勸告、建議 的: move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote表示決定、命令的：decide, order表示 主張的： maintain, urge表示 同意、堅(jiān)持的: consent, insist例:The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.He in sisted that we (should ) tell him the n ews.上述動(dòng)詞 的名詞形式， dema nd,desire, requirme nt, advice, order,

8、decisi on,recommendation, suggestion,以及 necessity, preferenee, plan, motion, idea等名詞，其后的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句，也用“ should+動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)，特別是美國(guó)英語(yǔ)，常省去“should, 例：The advice is that we (should) leave at on ce.He idea that we (should)visit Great Wall was warmly welcomed.五、在“ Itis (was)+形容詞(或過(guò)去分詞)+that結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)也用“

9、 should+原形動(dòng)詞表虛擬語(yǔ)氣美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中省去should,常用的形容詞和過(guò)去分詞有：表示要求的: required, demanded, requested, desired, desirabl 。表示 建議的: suggested, recommended,表示 迫切、緊近、重要 的: imperative, urge nt, n ecessary, esse ntial, importa nt, vital表示 適當(dāng)、較好 的：appropriate, advisable, better, preferable表示 可能的: probable, possible表示 命令的：order

10、ed例:It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.It is required that n obody (should)smoke here.六、由以下名詞或短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)，或含有某些詞的從句中應(yīng)用的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1. “l(fā)est以免、惟恐引導(dǎo)的從句用 “shuld+動(dòng)詞原形He took a map with him lest he (should ) lose his wag there.2. awhether 不管、無(wú)論 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)用動(dòng)詞原形。All thi n gs, whether

11、you know or don t know, exist in the world.3 .用would rather/had rather wou Id just as soon 表示 寧愿、但愿，后面的賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式或動(dòng)詞原形表示對(duì)將來(lái)的要求，用過(guò)去時(shí)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的愿望，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去做的事的懊悔。Dont live in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die.I would rather you go tomorrow.I would rather everythi ng had n t happe

12、ned in the past.4. 用“ hadhoped 表示原來(lái)希望做到而實(shí)際上未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情，其賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用“ would動(dòng)詞原形。I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in Ch ina.5 .在“ It is( high/about ) time+that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，定語(yǔ)從句的主謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，偶爾也可以用would(或should)+動(dòng)詞原形，或 had rather (would rather)+動(dòng)詞原形。It is hih

13、g (about)time that we left/should leave/ had better leave/had rather leave/ were leav in g.(注意與“ This is the first/seco nd?后從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。6 .用 “without/but for/in the absenee of表示要不是，如果沒有 (相當(dāng)于 if it were notfor )表示條件時(shí)，句中一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。(也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣)Without your help, I couldnt finish my work on time.In the abse n

14、ee of water and air, nothing could live.7 .由“ providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order that弓丨導(dǎo)的條件從句或目的從句，根據(jù)情況，可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。(有時(shí)也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣)They are willi ng surre n der provided they are give n free passage.8 .在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，假設(shè)有 were, had, should,在書面語(yǔ)中可省去if ,將were等提到主語(yǔ)前，形成倒裝。Should there be

15、a good film tomorrow. I would go to the theatre with you.Were it not for your help. I would n t be succeed.虛擬語(yǔ)氣專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1. You didn t let me drive. If wein turn, you so tired.A. drove; didn t getB. drove; wouldn t getC. were driving; wouldn t getD. had dri ven; wouldn t have got2. When a pencil is partly

16、 in a glass of water, it looks as if it.A. breaksB. has broke nC. were broke nD. had bee n broke n3. it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. WereB. ShouldC. WouldD. Will4. Jane s face suggested that sheill, and her parents suggested that she amedical exam in ati

17、 on.A. be; should have B. was; haveC. should be; had D. was; has5. Without electricity huma n life quite differe nt today.A. isB. will beC. would have bee nD. would be6. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I for her.A. had to write it outB. must have writte n it out7. I didn t see your sister

18、 at the meeting. If she , she would have metA. has comeB. did comeC. camemy brother.D. had come8. -If he , hethat food.-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warmed; would not taketake nC. would be warn ed; had not take ntake nB. had bee n warn ed; would not haveD. would have bee n

19、warn ed; had not9. The two stra n gers talked as if theyA. should beB. would be10. Without the air to hold some of the sun to live.A. would be freez ing coldC. would be froze n cold 11. -Have you ever bee n to Beiji ng?-No, but I wish IA. haveB. willfrie nds for years.C. have bee n D. had bee ns hea

20、t, the earth at night, too cold for usB. will be freez ing coldlyD. can freeze coldlyC. doD.had12. If on ly hequietly as the doctor in structed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies13. If IA. wasB. layyou, I would ask him to stay.B. would beC. had lainD. should lieC. wereD. am14. If it hadn t rai

21、ned last Sun day, wepic nicking.A. could goB. could have goneC. went15. Everybody would be very happy if the hot summertomorrow.D. would goA. should finishB. would finishC. were to be fini shedD. fini shes16. If on ly IA. had take nyour advice!B. tookC. would takeD. have taken17. If ityesterday, we

22、could play football on the sports ground now.A. didn s nowB. has n ts no wedC. hadn tsnowedD. weren tsnowing.him.C. shall criticize D. were to criticizeC. have atte n ded D. could have atte n ded18. If he came here at this mome n t, IA. would criticize B. will criticize19. I wish Ithe meeti ng last

23、week.A. could atte ndB. atte n ded20. He always talking like that, as if the whole worldto him alone.A. had bel on gedB. bel on gedC. were bel onging D. were bel on ged21. The TV play for toni ght won t be interesting. Even if it,I might not have time forit.A. would beB. beC. had bee nD. were22. Wit

24、hout your help, I in my En glish study.A. would not have succeededB. hadn t succeededC. will not succeedD. won t have succeeded23. The workers in France dema nded that the their pay from the followi ng week on.C. be raisedA. would put offB. should put offC. putted offD. be put off25. The mon itor ma

25、de a proposal that the whole class the matter.A. discussedB. would discussC. be discussedD. discuss26. It is n ecessary that our drinking waterA. should be made B. is madeclea ner.C. would be madeD. was made27. It is high time that our childto do some housework.A. learB. lear n28nediey stopped at Ha

26、n gzhouso thatthA will visitB. can visit29.itfor your help, I couldA. Were; not30. You are late aga in.YouB. Had; not beehere earlier.A. should come C. should have come31. Don t come this after noon. IA. comeB. to come32. He took his rai n coat with him lestit A. rainedB. should rainC. will learnD.

27、would learthe West Lake.nC. may visitD. might visitt have make any progress.C. Should; not bee nD. Did; beB. will comeD. will have comed rather you _ tomorrow.C. cameD. will comeC. would rainD. will rain33. Joh n was very busy last week, otherwise, heA. would have come B. would come ,34. I io leirhe

28、r about it, she would be very glad._ to atte nd the meeting. C. should comeD. cameA. ShouldB. WouldC. WereD. Might35. Without sun light or water or air,thereA. will haveB. would be36. It was ordered that no smokinA. is allowedB. be allowedno life on the earth.C. should bein the library.C. should all

29、owD. must beD. will be allowed37.I known he was in trouble, I might have man aged to helpA. Ifhim.B. WhenC. UD. Had38. Youthere by taxi yesterday, it is not far fRere.A. co uldn t have goneB. should have goneC. needn t have goneD. must n39. I would have gone there with you but Itoo tired theA. wereB

30、. had beeC. was40. -Did you go to see the football match yesterday?-No, I didn t feel well, but I would have gone if IA. didB. haveC. would41.the frie n dship betwee n us lastforever!C. MayA. CouldB. Will42. -Where have you bee n?-I got caught in traffic;I could have bee n hereA. otherwise43. If my

31、lawyerB. howzeverhere last Saturday, heC. though_ me from goi ng.t have goneD. have bee nD. hadD. WishD. anywayC. were; would preve ntD. were; would have preve n ted44. If itfor the snow, wethe moun ta in yesterday.A. were not; could have climbedB. were not; could climbC. had not bee n; could have c

32、limbedD. had not bee n; could climb45. We last ni ght, but we went to the con cert in stead.A. must have studiedB. might studyC. should have studiedD. would study46. -There were already five people in the car but they man aged to take me as well.-It a comfortable journ ey.A. can t beB. shouldn t beC

33、. mustn t have beenD. co uldn t have been47. I was really an xious about you. Youhome without a word.A. mustn t leaveB. shouldn t have leftC. couldn t have leftD. needn t leave48. your letter, I would have started off two days ago.A. If I received B. Should I receive C. If I could have received D. H

34、ad I received49. It is stra nge that sheso.A. thi nkB. thi nks C. will thi nkD. thought50. He suggested that the meet ing put off.A. not beB. should notC. would n tD. be not51. She would rathermore money on books on clothes.A. cost; not B. to spare; don C. pay; tha nD. spe nd; tha n52. What would ha

35、ve happe ned if you her child?A. hadn t helped B. couldn t help C. wouldn t help D. didn t help53. If Iwith her last summer, I with her now.A. worked; am gett ing on very wellB. had worked; would get on very wellC. had worked; would have got on very wellD. had worked; will get on very well54. The ol

36、d professor gave orders that the experime nt before 6.A. was fini shed B. will finis C. be fini shedD. shall be fini shed55. The thief closed his eyes he dying.A. eve n if; wasB. though; would be C. whe n; had bee n D. as if; were56. I wishmy uncle yesterday.A. had met B. would met C. metD. have met

37、57. Without his help, wesuch rapid progress.A. don t make B. wouldn t make C. didn t make D. wouldn t have made58. so busy, she would come to help you.A. Should my daughterB. Was my daughter notC. If my daughter were notD. If my daughter isn t59. If you any problem, please don t hesitate to ask your

38、 teacher.A. haveB. would haveC. are going to haveD. will have60. What do you thi nk of the suggestion that sheat themeet ing last week?61. If on lyto my pareadvice?I A. listentsB. liste nC. am listeD. had listeningningned63.Here s an umbrella in case youit.A.should useB.n eededC. n eediD. to n eedng

39、64.It is n atural that hehis mind.A. changesB.cha ngingC.cha ngeD. to cha ngeA. will arriveB. should have arrivedC. arriveD. arrived65. It is a pity Mr. Zhang isn t here. If he ,my pare nts would be happier.A. comesB. has comeC. cameD. had come66. you succeed andyou be healthy.A. May; mayB. Wish; wi

40、shC. Hope; hopeD. Should; may67. It s high time he home.A. goesB. wentC. will goD. is going to go68. I hopedmy letter.A. her to an swerB. that she would an swerD. her an sweri ngC. that she will an swer69. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I to the meeti ng.D. would have comemuch better.D. would

41、playA. cameB. would comeC. had come70. If she knew as much about music as you do, my daughterA. playB. must playC. will play71. “ Jane wants to see you tomorrow.I would rather she today tha n tomorrow.A. comesB. should comec. comeD. came72. The secretary liste ned carefullyhe might discover exactly

42、what she wan ted.A. so as thatB. in caseC. in order thatD. providi73. Suppos ing thethey go?ngweather bad, where wouldA. will beB. isC. wereD. be74. Without the leadership of the Party, thereA. would beB. has bee nno New Chi na.C. wasD. should be75. The work would require thatat 5 every morni ng.A.

43、she has bee n there B. she was thereC. she be there76. The little hero s pale face suggested hedead.A. isB. wasC. should be77. Galileo in sisted that the earthround the sun.A. should moveB. moveC. movesD. she will be thereD. beD. A or B78. The riceif you had bee n more careful.A. wouldn t be burningC. would n t have bee n bur nt79.I known it, I should have told him.A. HaveB. HadB. would not bur nD. would not bur ntC. Hav i