高考英語(yǔ)備考《定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué) ppt課件

1、定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí) 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句Attributive Clauses在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出如今先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出如今先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引出。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引出。關(guān)系代詞有：關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等。等。關(guān)系副詞有：關(guān)系副詞有： when, where, why等。等。先行詞是先行詞是物物先行詞是先行詞是人人定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

2、狀語(yǔ)主主賓賓主主賓賓關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞which thatwhowhomwhose關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞副詞wherewhen注：注：1.介詞提早時(shí)普通只用介詞提早時(shí)普通只用which和和whom。 2.whose+名詞名詞=the+名詞名詞+of which/ of whom關(guān)系詞的種類關(guān)系詞的種類關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞起著代詞和連詞的作用，在從句中充任起著代詞和連詞的作用，在從句中充任主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)起著副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)和連詞的作用，起著副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)和連詞的作用，在從句中充任狀語(yǔ)在從句中充任狀語(yǔ)The man ( who is standing there) is my br

3、other.關(guān)系詞的作用：替代前面的先行詞在從句中充任一定的成分關(guān)系詞的作用：替代前面的先行詞在從句中充任一定的成分 把兩個(gè)句子連起來(lái)構(gòu)成一個(gè)復(fù)合句把兩個(gè)句子連起來(lái)構(gòu)成一個(gè)復(fù)合句關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：A man is standing there.The man is my brother.= 主從復(fù)合句：主從復(fù)合句：The man who is standing there is my brother.先行詞：先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞先行詞普通是名詞或代詞先行詞普通是名詞或代詞關(guān)系代詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞關(guān)系代詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)

4、從句的詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞 that, which, who, whom, whose that即指人又指物，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。即指人又指物，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。which指物，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。指物，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。who, whom指人指人,who作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ),whom作賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)。that, which, whom在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省去?？墒∪?。1. that在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，指人和物在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，指人和物 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)2) The noodles that I l

5、ooked were delicious.賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)3) Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)4) The girl that we saw yesterday is Jims sister. 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)2. Which 在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，指物在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，指物1) They planted the trees which didnt need much water. (主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) )2) The fish which we bought were not fresh. 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)3. who ,whom 在從句

6、中分別作主語(yǔ)和賓在從句中分別作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ) (口語(yǔ)中口語(yǔ)中who也可作賓語(yǔ)也可作賓語(yǔ))1) The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)2) The boy who broke the window is called Michael.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 4) Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write . 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)3) The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 在以疑問(wèn)詞在以疑問(wèn)詞who開(kāi)頭的句子中

7、開(kāi)頭的句子中, 或關(guān)系代詞在或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí), 用用that, 不用不用who。 Who is the man that is shouting there? She is not the girl that she used to be.NOTE3) This is the book whose cover is blue.4. whose 在從句中作定語(yǔ)，指人或物在從句中作定語(yǔ)，指人或物1) Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.2) This is the boy whose co

8、mposition the teacher talked of .關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞which，whom 在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常有的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常有 “介詞介詞+which或或whom引出。引出。Great changes are taking place in the city in which they live.This is the old man from whom weve learnt a lot.I have a sister. + She works in Shanghai.= I have a sister _ works in Shanghai

9、.Translate: 他想要見(jiàn)的人在上海。他想要見(jiàn)的人在上海。He wants to see the man. + The man is in Shanghai.= The man _ he wants to see is in Shanghai.Have you found the pen?+ You lost it yesterday.= Have you found the pen _ you lost yesterday?who/ thatwho/ whom/ that(that/ which)Do you know the girl? + Her mother works here

10、. = Do you know the girl _ mother works here?I live in a room. + its window faces south.= I live in a room _ window faces south.whosewhose= I live in a room the window of which faces south.of which the window (1) 假設(shè)先行詞是假設(shè)先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關(guān)系等不

11、定代詞，關(guān)系代詞普通只用代詞普通只用that，不用，不用which。例如：。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 先行詞有兩個(gè)，既有人也有物，要用先行詞有兩個(gè)，既有人也有物，要用that。 We were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in our school. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞that 和和which的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 1.1.宜用宜用thatthat引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句(3) 假設(shè)先行詞被描畫詞最高級(jí)以及假設(shè)先行詞被描畫詞最高級(jí)

12、以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用詞常用that, 不用不用which, who，或，或whom。例如：。例如：This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before .這是以前從未上演過(guò)的最有感染力的電視劇。這是以前從未上演過(guò)的最有感染力的電視劇。That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向他勝利的獨(dú)一之路。那是通向他勝利的獨(dú)一

13、之路。We have to consider the first thing that starts our work .我們必需求思索啟動(dòng)我們?nèi)蝿?wù)的第一件事。我們必需求思索啟動(dòng)我們?nèi)蝿?wù)的第一件事。 2. 2. 宜用宜用whichwhich引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的介詞提早時(shí)，要用當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的介詞提早時(shí)，要用whichwhich。The house in which they lived last The house in which they lived last yearyearhas been rebuilt.has been rebuilt.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要用引

14、導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要用whichwhich。He bought a railway ticket for the He bought a railway ticket for the woman,woman,which helped her a lot.which helped her a lot.as, which 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 由由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或或and that。As普通放在句首，普通放在句首，which在句中。在句中。 As we k

15、now, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. whichD. heIt rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. thatB. whichC. as D. it(3)領(lǐng)先行詞受領(lǐng)先行詞受such, the s

16、ame，as, so 修飾時(shí)，常用修飾時(shí)，常用asI have never heard such a story as he tells.He is not such a fool as he looks.This is the same book as I lost last week.留意：留意：領(lǐng)先行詞由領(lǐng)先行詞由the same修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但是和由從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思不同。所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思不同。She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿著她在

17、她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過(guò)的一條裙子。婚禮上穿過(guò)的一條裙子。She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。as 和和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：(1) as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可放在主句之前，或引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至

18、可以切割一個(gè)主句；者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；which引導(dǎo)的非引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。另外，限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有有“正正如如，正像，正像的意思的意思(2as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必需是系動(dòng)詞；假設(shè)為行為動(dòng)詞，那么從從句中的謂語(yǔ)必需是系動(dòng)詞；假設(shè)為行為動(dòng)詞，那么從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。關(guān)系詞的選擇根據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行關(guān)系詞的選擇根據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞 (who

19、, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 緣由狀語(yǔ)緣由狀語(yǔ)) 。 準(zhǔn)確判別先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分準(zhǔn)確判別先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、主、謂、賓、定、狀賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)關(guān)系副詞。系副詞。Is this the museum _ you visited a few days ago?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one2. Is thi

20、s the museum _ the exhibition was held.A. where B. that C. on whichD. the one判別改錯(cuò)判別改錯(cuò)1. This is the mountain village where I visited last year. 2. I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. 3. This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. 4. Ill never forget the days (

21、which) I spent in the countryside.FFTT區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句1定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；是修飾關(guān)系；同位語(yǔ)從句闡明先行詞的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，同位語(yǔ)從句闡明先行詞的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，是補(bǔ)充闡明的關(guān)系是補(bǔ)充闡明的關(guān)系(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句2定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代

22、詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在句中充任成分，有時(shí)可以省略；句中充任成分，有時(shí)可以省略；同位語(yǔ)從句主要由同位語(yǔ)從句主要由that引導(dǎo)，在句中普通不做成分；引導(dǎo)，在句中普通不做成分；句子也可以由句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等詞引導(dǎo)，充任成分等詞引導(dǎo)，充任成分(1) The news he told me is true.(2) The news that he has just died is true.(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much mo

23、ney. 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.3. 同位語(yǔ)從句和先行詞普通可以用同位語(yǔ)從句和先行詞普通可以用be動(dòng)詞開(kāi)展成一動(dòng)詞開(kāi)展成一個(gè)完好的句子，而定語(yǔ)從句不可以個(gè)完好的句子，而定語(yǔ)從句不可以(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. (2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3) The fact that t

24、he earth moves around the sun is known to all.(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the sun. Step 4. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞先行詞先行詞狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)where時(shí)間時(shí)間when原因原因why/ for which關(guān)系詞的種類關(guān)系詞的種類關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞起著代詞和連詞的作用，在從句中充任起著代詞和連詞的作用，在從句中充任主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)起著副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)和連詞的作用，起著副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)和連詞的作用，在從句中充任狀語(yǔ)在從句中充任狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系詞的作用：替代前面的先行

25、詞在從句中充任一定的成分關(guān)系詞的作用：替代前面的先行詞在從句中充任一定的成分 把兩個(gè)句子連起來(lái)構(gòu)成一個(gè)復(fù)合句把兩個(gè)句子連起來(lái)構(gòu)成一個(gè)復(fù)合句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：I visited the city.I was born in the city.= 主從復(fù)合句：主從復(fù)合句：I visited the city where I was born.先行詞：先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞=in which關(guān)系副詞：在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞：在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)This is the house. + I was born in the house.介詞短語(yǔ)介

26、詞短語(yǔ)= I was born there副詞副詞).= This is the house_ I was born.=_ which留意區(qū)別：留意區(qū)別：This is the house _ I was born in.(which/ that)whereinWe will never forget the day. + we will hold the Olympic Games on that day.= We will never forget the day _ we will hold the Olympic Games. _ which留意區(qū)別：留意區(qū)別：I will never

27、 forget the day _ I spent with you last year.(which / that)I dont know the reason why he left here.= for whichwhenon留意：留意：1. Thank you for the book that you gave it to me yesterday.在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞已替代了前面的先行詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞已替代了前面的先行詞，所以在從句中不能在反復(fù)了。所以在從句中不能在反復(fù)了。what 不能用于定語(yǔ)從句中不能用于定語(yǔ)從句中2. Tell me anything what y

28、ou know.Tell me what you know.thattell sb. sth,3. 在介詞在介詞 whom/ which 構(gòu)造中，介詞的選擇構(gòu)造中，介詞的選擇I will never forget the day _ which I reached the Great Wall.Tell me the time _ which the train leaves.This is the hero _ whom we are proud.In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help

29、.A. to that B. who C. from whom D. to whom根據(jù)先行詞來(lái)判別根據(jù)先行詞來(lái)判別根據(jù)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配來(lái)判別根據(jù)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配來(lái)判別onatofbe proud of ; turn to sb. for help4. 名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)of whom/ which 構(gòu)造中，構(gòu)造中， 表所屬關(guān)系，表所屬關(guān)系，當(dāng)中的當(dāng)中的 China has hundreds of islands, the largest of that is Taiwan. whichThere 54 students in our class, most of them are boys.whom5. 在非限制定語(yǔ)從句中，需留意以下幾點(diǎn)：在非限制定語(yǔ)從句中，需留意以下幾點(diǎn)： that 不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 why 不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，運(yùn)用不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，運(yùn)用for whiche.g. I have told them the reason, for which I did