并列句和復(fù)合句

1、并列句和復(fù)合句課標要求及命題趨勢句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)有三個:簡單句,并列句,復(fù)合句.簡單句已在上一講中講過.本講我們主要說后兩者.由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用并列連詞and, but, for, so, or等或分號連在一起構(gòu)成的句子,叫并列句.而由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子,叫復(fù)合句.句子是考試的熱點.特別是復(fù)合句更是必考內(nèi)容.所以在學習時,要注意區(qū)別與聯(lián)系.一網(wǎng)打盡 并列句及并列連詞 知識點 復(fù)合句 主謂一致指點迷津 一 并列句由連詞連接兩個分句組成的句子叫并列句。這些分句平行并列，而且同等重要，能夠獨立成句。連接分句的有并列連詞和主從連詞。并列連詞：and, but, or, no

2、r, for, whereas, while, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut(also).主從連詞：so, therefore, however, still, yet, then等。并列句中的前后兩句可以根據(jù)意思或分為四種關(guān)系。（1）同等關(guān)系and/not onlybut also/neithernor,用連詞and, not onlybut also, neithernor或者用逗號，有時也用分號連接兩個簡單句，構(gòu)成并列句。如：He could neither read nor writeHe not only studies hard, but al

3、so likes sports.（2）轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but, yet, still, while, when, 用連詞but, yet, still, while, when連接兩個句子時，前后兩句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。如：Tom was not there but his brother was (there).There was no news, nevertheless, she went on hoping.（3）選擇關(guān)系or, eitheror.用連詞or, eitheror，連接兩個句子時，前后兩句為選擇關(guān)系。如：Either you didnt understand this, or you w

4、ere not careful enough（4）因果關(guān)系for, so.用連詞for, so連接兩個句子時，前后兩句為因果關(guān)系。如：He hurried, for it was getting dark.He liked the book very much, so I gave it to him二 復(fù)合句 復(fù)合句中包括兩個或更多的分句，其中一個分句是主句，其余的分句是從句。從句就是一個分句在主句中充當一個成分，如主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語等。 從句在句子中作什么成分就叫什么從句。1.主語從句用作主語的從句叫作主語從句。主語從句一般都是作謂語動詞的主語，偶爾也可以作分詞的主語。(1)&#

5、160; 由what, whatever, whoever等代詞引導主語從句。如: What she likes is watching the children playWhatever you have heard must be kept secretWhoever fails to pass the exam will be dismissed(2)that引導It is tight that you told him the truth (3) 由連接副詞whether, when, how, where, why引導主語從句。如：Why the fire broke out at

6、night remains a mystery Whether we can help you is a difficult question When the meeting will be held has not been decided （4）主語從句后移 主語從句雖然可以放在謂語的前面，但是當主語從句較長而謂語較短時，常用代詞作形式主語，而把主語從句放到句子后邊。如：It is uncertain whether he wants to go or not It turned out true that he had done nothing wrong 2. 表語從句 用作表語的從

7、句叫作表語從句，通常由that, what, where, why, ho等連接詞引導。(1)  if, whether, that引導表語從句，有時也用as, because, as if, as though, lest引導表語從句。如：The question is that we must be good at learning from others.It looks as if its going to rain(2)  what, which, who等連接代詞。如: That is what I want to tell youThe question is

8、 which of the classes we choose to be the excellent one （3）how, when, where, why等連接副詞。如：The question is how we can help him That is why he has been late三 主謂一致 英語句子由主語謂語組成。謂語包括謂語動詞、賓語、賓補、表語、定語、狀語等成分。其中謂語動詞是其核心，謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上要跟主語保持一致。主謂一致一般遵循以下三個原則：(1)  語法一致原則，即謂語動詞同主語在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。如：He is from Beijing

9、We are sure it will rain(2)  概念上一致，即謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語表達的概念。如：His family are wellBoth Father and Mother agree with me(3)  鄰近一致原則，即謂語動詞的數(shù)與前面緊鄰的詞保持一致。如：There is a pen and some pencils in the box.Neither he nor I am here1)人稱、數(shù)的一致。如：I am a studentYou ate a student/studentsHe is Sack2)主語是抽象概念，不可數(shù)名詞，

10、由some, any, no, every, one, body, thing等組成的不定代詞（復(fù)合代詞），表示計算等時，動詞用單數(shù)。如：Milk is whiteNobody is going thereEverything is ready3)people, police其謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：There are many people in the parkThe police are on duty4)集體名詞 family, class, team, group等看作整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；看作每一個成員時，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。如：My family is a big one 5)與an

11、d連接的并列主語表示不同的人和物時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，表示一個概念則用單數(shù)。如Lucy and Lily are twinsBoth he and I are workers6)用and連接的并列單數(shù)主語有 every, each, no等修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Every girl and every boy is heroEach girl and each boy has got a new bookNo man and no woman knows him7)主語是單數(shù)，后跟with, as well as, but, except等組成的短語時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：He as w

12、ell as I is a teacherThe woman with a baby is my mother8)none作代詞有單數(shù)之意，也有復(fù)數(shù)之意。故謂語動詞根據(jù)主語之意定。如：None of us has got a computerNone of us have heard of it9)金錢、距離、時間、重量、長度等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，通常當作整體看，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Three yuan is enough to pay for the pen10)trousers, shoes, glasses等作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：A pair of trousers costs20 y

13、uanSome pairs of shoes have been sent to me 11) most of, half of, some of, part of, a lot of 修飾名（代）詞作主語，謂語動詞與后的名詞、代詞的數(shù)保持一致。如： Most of the people dont speak Chinese in England Half of the news is true Some of the boys come to school late Part of the work was done by me 12) news, maths, physics等詞貌似復(fù)數(shù)，

14、實為單數(shù)，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如： The news is good 13) many a (man)(許多人),more than one(person)（不止一人）作主語，意思是復(fù)數(shù)，因后跟名詞是單數(shù)，故動詞也用單數(shù)。如： Many a man has caught a cold 14) either.or, neither.,not only.but also.作主語，謂語動詞與離它最近的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)方面保持一致。如： Either he or I am wrong Neither you nor he is right 15) There be句型中謂語動詞也與離它最近的名詞或代

15、詞在人稱和數(shù)方面保持一致。如： There is a pen and some books on the desk There are some books and a pen on the desk 16) 單復(fù)數(shù)相同的詞如：Chinese, deer, sheep等作主語，其謂語動詞要具體情況決定用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。如： There is a sheep on the hill Many sheep are eating grass now 17) 書刊名詞（復(fù)數(shù)），組織名稱，國家名稱，格言等作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。如： Dickens American Notes was publish

16、ed in 1842 18) 不定式、動我詞、從句作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 Seeing is believing Who did the work is unknown To do it is not easy for us講解面對面例1       The doctors tried their best to save the patients life, _ failed.(2005, 上海)A. or B. so C. but D. because思維導航：此題考查連詞的使用.解答：根據(jù)句意“醫(yī)生們盡力挽救失敗了”,前后應(yīng)該

17、是表示轉(zhuǎn)折,所以選C.拓展延伸：應(yīng)區(qū)分開不同連詞之間的意思.例2       -What do you think of the book about Harry Potter? (2005, 武漢)-I like it very much. Its _ interesting _ exciting.A. neither nor B. not butC. not only but also D. either, or思維導航：此題考查詞組的使用.解答：根據(jù)句意 “我喜歡”,應(yīng)該是表示肯定的, A項表否定, “既不也不”,B項”不是而是

18、”, C項 “不但而且”,D項 “不是就是”.所以選C.拓展延伸：應(yīng)區(qū)分開不同詞組之間的意思.例3       Tigers and bears are very dangerous. Thats _ they have to stay in cages in the zoo. (2005, 福建寧德)A why B. where C. how D. what思維導航：此題考查表語從句。解答：根據(jù)句意 “老虎和熊非常危險。這就是它們?yōu)槭裁吹么粼诨\子里的原因”，可知答案應(yīng)該是A。拓展延伸：一些從句是固定搭配，應(yīng)在學習中注意積累與運用。例

19、4       We cant go there together. _ you _I can go.(2005, 海南)A. Both, and B. Either, orC. Neither, nor D. Between, and思維導航：此題考查詞組的使用.解答：根據(jù)句意 “我們不能一起去.要么你去要么我去”.A項 “兩者都”,B項 “不是就是”,C項 “既不也不”, D項 “在之間”.所以選B.拓展延伸：應(yīng)區(qū)分開不同詞組之間的意思.大展身手( ) 1.All the students except Lin Tao _ here.A. are B. is C. be D. am( ) 2. Tom with his friends _ shoppi