太陽能光伏系統(tǒng)蓄電池充電畢業(yè)論文中英文資料對照外文翻譯文獻綜述

1、中英文資料對照外文翻譯文獻綜述DesignofaLead-AcidBatteryChargingandProtectingICinPhotovoltaic System1.IntroductionSolar energy as an inexhaustible, inexhaustible source of energy more and more attention. Solar power has become popular in many countries and regions, solar lighting has also been put into use in many

2、cities in China. As a key part of the solar lighting, battery charging and protection is particularly important. Sealed maintenance-free lead-acid battery has a sealed, leak-free, pollution-free, maintenance-free, low-cost, reliable power supply during the entire life of the battery voltage is stabl

3、e and no maintenance, the need for uninterrupted for the various types of has wide application in power electronic equipment, and portable instrumentation. Appropriate float voltage, in normal use (to prevent over-discharge, overcharge, over-current), maintenance-free lead-acid battery float life of

4、 up to 12 16 years float voltage deviation of 5% shorten the life of 1/2. Thus, the charge has a major impact on this type of battery life. Photovoltaic, battery does not need regular maintenance, the correct charge and reasonable protection, can effectively extend battery life. Charging and protect

5、ion IC is the separation of the occupied area and the peripheral circuit complexity. Currently, the market has not yet real, charged with the protection function is integrated on a single chip. For this problem, design a set of battery charging and protection functions in one IC is very necessary.2.

6、System design and considerationsThe system mainly includes two parts: the battery charger module and the protection module. Of great significance for the battery as standby power use of the occasion, It can ensure that the external power supply to the battery-powered, but also in the battery overcha

7、rge, over-current and an external power supply is disconnected the battery is to put the state to provide protection, the charge and protection rolled into one to make the circuit to simplify and reduce valuable product waste of resources. Figure 1 is a specific application of this Ic in the photovo

8、ltaic powergeneration system, but also the source of this design.solar batteryChargecontrollerDischargeDC loadarraycontrollercontrolleraccumulatorFigure1 Photovoltaic circuit system block diagramMaintenance-free lead-acid battery life is usually the cycle life and float life factors affecting the li

9、fe of the battery charge rate, discharge rate, and float voltage. Some manufacturers said that if the overcharge protection circuit, the charging rate can be achieved even more than 2C (C is the rated capacity of the battery), battery manufacturers recommend charging rate of C/20 C/3. Battery voltag

10、e and temperature, the temperature is increased by 1 C, single cellbattery voltage drops 4 mV, negative temperature coefficient of -4 mV / C means that the battery float voltage. Ordinary charger for the best working condition at 25 C; charge less thanthe ambient temperature of 0 C; at 45 C may shor

11、ten the battery life due to severe overcharge. To make the battery to extend the working life, have a certain understanding and analysis of the working status of the battery, in order to achieve the purpose of protection of the battery. Battery, there are four states: normal state, over-current stat

12、e over the state of charge, over discharge state. However, due to the impact of the different discharge current over-capacity and lifetime of the battery is not the same, so the battery over discharge current detection should be treated separately. When the battery is charging the state a long time,

13、 would severely reduce the capacity of the battery and shorten battery life. When the battery is the time of discharge status exceeds the allotted time, the battery, the battery voltage is too low may not be able to recharge, making the battery life is lower.Based on the above, the charge on the lif

14、e of maintenance-free lead-acid batteries have a significant impact, while the battery is always in good working condition, battery protection circuit must be able to detect the normal working condition of the battery and make the action the battery can never normal working state back to normal oper

15、ation, in order to achieve the protection of the battery.3.Units modular design3.1The charging moduleChip, charging module block diagram shown in Figure 2. The circuitry includescurrent limiting, current sensing comparator, reference voltage source, under-voltage detection circuit, voltage sampling

16、circuit and logic control circuit.driverVoltage amplifierLimitingVoltage sampling comparatoramplifierStart amplifierCurrent samplingcomparatorR- powerState level controlUndervoltageCharging indicatordetection circuitLogicalmodulePower indicatorFigure2 Charging module block diagramThe module contains

17、 a stand-alone limiting amplifier and voltage control circuit, it can control off-chip drive, 20 30 mA, provided by the drive output current can directly drive an external series of adjustment tube, so as to adjust the charger output voltage and current . Voltage and current detection comparator det

18、ects the battery charge status, and control the state of the input signal of the logic circuit. When the battery voltage or current is too low, the charge to start the comparator control the charging. Appliances into the trickle charge state when the cut-off of the drive, the comparator can output a

19、bout 20 mA into the trickle charge current. Thus, when the battery short-circuit or reverse, the charger can only charge a small current, to avoid damage to the battery charging current is too large. This module constitutes a charging circuit charging process is divided into two charging status: hig

20、h-current constant-current charge state, high-voltage charge status and low-voltage constant voltage floating state. The charging process from the constant current charging status, the constant charging current of the charger output in this state. And the charger continuously monitors the voltage ac

21、ross the battery pack, the battery power has been restored to 70% to 90% of the released capacity when the battery voltage reaches the switching voltage to charge conversion voltage Vsam charger moves to the state of charge. In this state, the charger output voltage is increased to overcharge pressu

22、reVoc is due to the charger output voltage remains constant, so the charging current is a continuous decline. Current down to charge and suspend the current Ioct, the battery capacity has reached 100% of rated capacity, the charger output voltage drops to a lower float voltage VF.3.2 Protection Modu

23、leChip block diagram of the internal protection circuit shown in Figure 3. The circuit includes control logic circuit, sampling circuit, overcharge detection circuit, over-discharge detection comparator, overcurrent detection comparator, load short-circuit detection circuit, level-shifting circuit a

24、nd reference circuit (BGR).Sampling circuitControl logic circuitLevel conversioncircuitOver dischargedetection comparatorLoad shortdetectionOver-currentcircuitdetection comparator2Over-currentOverchargedetectiondetection circuitcomparatorOver-currentdetection comparator1Figure3 Block diagram of batt

25、ery protectionThis module constitutes a protection circuit shown in Figure 4. Under the chip supply voltage within the normal scope of work, and the VM pin voltage at the overcurrent detection voltage, the battery is in normal operation, the charge and discharge control of the chip high power end of

26、 the CO and DO are level, when the chip is in normal working mode. Larger when the battery discharge current will cause voltage rise of the VM pin at the VM pin voltage at above the current detection voltage Viov, then the battery is the current status, if this state to maintain the tiov overcurrent

27、 delay time, the chip ban on battery discharge, then the charge to control the end of CO is high, the discharge control side DO is low, the chip is in the current mode, general in order to play on the battery safer and more reasonable protection, the chip will battery over-discharge current to take

28、over the discharge current delay time protection. The general rule is that the over-discharge current is larger, over theshorter the discharge current delay time. Above Overcharge detection voltage, the chip supply voltage (Vdd Vcu), the battery is in overcharge state, this state is to maintain the

29、corresponding overcharge delay time tcu chip will be prohibited from charging the battery, then discharge control end DO is high, and charging control terminal CO is low, the chip is in charging mode. When the supply voltage of the chip under the overdischarge detection voltage (Vdd R2, the partial

30、pressure of the output voltage, the formation of the undervoltage positive feedback. Output, undervoltage lockout, and plays a protective role.5. Simulation results and analysisThe design of the circuit in CSMC 0.6 m in digital CMOS process simulationand analysis of the circuit. In theoverall simula

31、tion of the circuit, the mainobservation is that the protection module on the battery charge and discharge processby monitoring Vdd potential and Vmpotential leaving chip CO side and DO-sidechanges accordingly. The simulationwaveformdiagram shown in Figure 7, theoverall protection module with the ba

32、ttery voltage changes from the usual modeconversion into overcharge mode, and then return to normal working mode, and theninto the discharge mode, and finally back to normal working mode. As the design inthe early stages of the various parameters tobe optimized, but to provide apreliminary simulatio

33、n results.Figure7 Overvoltage and under-voltage protection circuit simulation waveform6.ConclusionDesigned a set of battery charging and protection functions in one IC. This design not only can reduce the product, they can reduce the peripheral circuit components. The circuit uses the low-power desi

34、gn. This project is underway to design optimization stage, a complete simulation can not meet the requirements, but also need to optimize the design of each module circuit.光伏系統(tǒng)中蓄電池的充電保護IC 電路設(shè)計1. 引言太陽能作為一種取之不盡、 用之不竭的能源越來越受到重視。 太陽能發(fā)電已經(jīng)在很多國家和地區(qū)開始普及，太陽能照明也已經(jīng)在我國很多城市開始投入使用。作為太陽能照明的一個關(guān)鍵部分， 蓄電池的充電以及保護顯得尤為重要

35、。 由于密封免維護鉛酸蓄電池具有密封好、無泄漏、無污染、免維護、價格低廉、供電可靠，在電池的整個壽命期間電壓穩(wěn)定且不需要維護等優(yōu)點， 所以在各類需要不間斷供電的電子設(shè)備和便攜式儀器儀表中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。 采用適當(dāng)?shù)母〕潆妷?，在正常使?(防止過放、過充、過流 )時，免維護鉛酸蓄電池的浮充壽命可達 1216 年，如果浮充電壓偏差 5%則使用壽命縮短 1/2。由此可見，充電方式對這類電池的使用壽命有著重大的影響。由于在光伏發(fā)電中，蓄電池?zé)o需經(jīng)常維護，因此采用正確的充電方式并采用合理的保護方式，能有效延長蓄電池的使用壽命。傳統(tǒng)的充電和保護 IC 是分立的，占用而積大并且外圍電路復(fù)雜。目前，市場上還沒

36、有真正的將充電與保護功能集成于單一芯片。 針對這個問題， 設(shè)計一種集蓄電池充電和保護功能于一身的 IC 是十分必要的。2. 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與考慮系統(tǒng)主要包括兩大部分: 蓄電池充電模塊和保護模塊。這對于將蓄電池作為備用電源使用的場合具有重要意義，它既可以保證外部電源給蓄電池供電，又可以在蓄電池過充、 過流以及外部電源斷開蓄電池處于過放狀態(tài)時提供保護，將充電和保護功能集于一身使得電路簡化，并且減少寶貴的而積資源浪費。圖 1 是此Ic 在光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中的具體應(yīng)用，也是此設(shè)計的來源。圖 1 光伏電路系統(tǒng)框圖免維護鉛酸蓄電池的壽命通常為循環(huán)壽命和浮充壽命， 影響蓄電池壽命的因素有充電速率、 放電速率和浮充電壓

37、。 某些廠家稱如果有過充保護電路， 充電率可以達到甚至超過 2C(C 為蓄電池的額定容量 )，但是電池廠商推薦的充電率是C/20C/3。電池的電壓與溫度有關(guān)，溫度每升高 1，單格電池電壓下降 4 mV ，也就是說電池的浮充電壓有負的溫度系數(shù) -4 mV/ 。普通充電器在 25處為最佳工作狀態(tài)；在環(huán)境溫度為 0時充電不足； 在 45時可能因嚴重過充電縮短電池的使用壽命。 要使得蓄電池延長工作壽命， 對蓄電池的工作狀態(tài)要有一定的了解和分析，從而實現(xiàn)對蓄電池進行保護的目的。蓄電池有四種工作狀態(tài) :通常狀態(tài)、過電流狀態(tài)、過充電狀態(tài)、過放電狀態(tài)。但是由于不同的過放電電流對蓄電池的容量和壽命所產(chǎn)生的影響不

38、盡相同， 所以對蓄電池的過放電電流檢測也要分別對待。當(dāng)電池處于過充電狀態(tài)的時間較長， 則會嚴重降低電池的容量， 縮短電池的壽命。當(dāng)電池處于過放電狀態(tài)的時間超過規(guī)定時間， 則電池由于電池電壓過低可能無法再充電使用，從而使得電池壽命降低。根據(jù)以上所述， 充電方式對免維護鉛酸蓄電池的壽命有很大影響， 同時為了使電池始終處于良好的工作狀態(tài)， 蓄電池保護電路必須能夠?qū)﹄姵氐姆钦９ぷ鳡顟B(tài)進行檢測，并作出動作以使電池能夠從不正常的工作狀態(tài)回到通常工作狀態(tài)，從而實現(xiàn)對電池的保護。3. 單元模塊設(shè)計3.1充電模塊芯片的充電模塊框圖如圖 2 所示。該電路包括限流比較器、 電流取樣比較器、基準電壓源、欠壓檢測電路、電壓取樣電路和邏輯控制電路。圖 2 充電模塊框圖該模塊內(nèi)含有獨立的限流放大器和電壓控制電路，它可以控制芯片外驅(qū)動器，驅(qū)動器提供的輸出電流為2030 mA，可直接驅(qū)動外部串聯(lián)的調(diào)整管，從而調(diào)整充電器的輸出電壓與電流。電壓和電流檢測比較器檢測蓄電池的充電狀態(tài)，并控制狀態(tài)邏輯電路的輸入信號。當(dāng)電池電壓或電流過低時， 充電啟動比較器控制充電。電器進入涓流充電狀態(tài)，當(dāng)驅(qū)動器截止時，該比較器還能輸出 20 mA 左右，進入涓流充電電流。這樣，當(dāng)電池短路或反接時，