高考短文改錯(cuò)學(xué)案

1、知識(shí)是人類進(jìn)步的階梯短文改錯(cuò)解題指導(dǎo)Teaching aims: How to do proof reading.Teaching importances: Master main mistakes appearing in the text and the meth ods to correct them.Teaching difficulties: Develop students the ability to do the proof reading correctly.Teaching methods: Independent and cooperative inquiry metho

2、d一、 試題特征A.文章多以學(xué)生角度寫出，題材均與學(xué)生生活密切相關(guān)。B.句子結(jié)構(gòu)以簡(jiǎn)單句為主過(guò)渡到以復(fù)合句和并列句為主，每篇短文幾乎都有一 個(gè)或幾個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子，這就需要在這個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子里判斷出二到三個(gè)地方有錯(cuò)或無(wú)錯(cuò)， 增加了試題難度。C.短文中單詞拼寫，詞序，大小寫，標(biāo)點(diǎn)，地名，人名，專有名詞和注有中文 的詞語(yǔ)一般不設(shè)考點(diǎn)。二、考點(diǎn)解析考點(diǎn)一、名詞1. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait for your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and

3、 classmate.（2014 川卷）2. I remember my grandfather very well. He was tall, with broad shoulder. （2013全國(guó)卷一）3. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. （2011 全國(guó)卷）4. When I finally arrived at my friend. He lent me lots of clothes. （2011 全國(guó)卷）歸納總結(jié)：考點(diǎn)二、動(dòng)詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1. This morning the dog starts bark

4、ing even before 5o ' clock（2014 遼寧卷）2. I was only four when she passes away. （201全國(guó)卷一）3. Suddenly arrows was flying down at us from the sky. （201破西卷）4. What may surprise you are that I am going to the US this July.5. Many people enjoy sports by watching others play. In American big cities, thous

5、ands sell tickets to watch football or basketball game.知識(shí)是人類進(jìn)步的階梯6. It is difficult to understanding why the dog barks every minute she is outside. （2014遼寧卷）7. Don't panic or get out of line and trying to remain quiet and calm. （20140 JI卷）8. One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our ba

6、rbecue. （2014西卷）9. Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, which might not be served until 8 o' clock（2013 全國(guó)卷二）10. On the box was a card say : "25 cents each. （2010 全國(guó)卷）11. Seeing from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.歸納總結(jié)：考點(diǎn)三、形容詞和副詞1. Just then a

7、bird was flying over us. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. （2014 陜西卷）2. I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. （2012 全國(guó) 卷）3.1 was at the Shanghai Railway Station buying a ticket to Hang Zhou. I was going to visit a friend here and

8、after that I would go to Xiamen for a long holiday. （2011 全 國(guó) 卷）4. However, he was the gentlest man I have never known. （2013國(guó)卷一）歸納總結(jié)：考點(diǎn)四、代詞1. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target. （201枚西卷）2. Than

9、k you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals.3. Finally, the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves.歸納總結(jié)：考點(diǎn)五、冠詞1. That day I did not learnt much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity! （ 2014陜西卷）2.

10、 In a fact, he even scared my classmates away when they came over to play or do homework with me. （2013 全國(guó)卷）3. My friend Nick told me story about his experience in the US. （201眸國(guó)卷）歸納總結(jié)：考點(diǎn)六、介詞1. Although we have been delighted to have you as neighbors, we are hoping to settle something that bothers t

11、o us. （20142 寧卷）2. We appreciate your apologies and good will, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter. （2014遼寧卷）3. Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm goes off. （2014四川卷）4. I had all my money on my pocket. （2011 全國(guó)卷）歸納總結(jié)：考點(diǎn)七、連詞1. If you noti

12、ce that someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately. （2014四川卷）2. He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful.3. But before long they began to see which was happening. （2012國(guó)卷）4. There,Katia will introduce me to some of her friends

13、, one of who has been to China several times.歸納總結(jié)：三、【備考策略】如何做短文改錯(cuò)：第一步：審題。通讀全文，了解大意。全面把握文章整體（時(shí)態(tài)、題材及內(nèi)容）。第二步：重讀全文，應(yīng)先確定一些明顯的錯(cuò)誤， 以便疏通短文，化繁為簡(jiǎn)，為 后面解題打開思路。許多問(wèn)題可在這一階段得到解決。從詞法、句法到行文邏輯三方面著手，逐句而不是逐行地分析、找錯(cuò)。第三步：綜觀全篇，看錯(cuò)誤類型的比例是否得當(dāng)、前后邏輯是否一致、 有無(wú)前后矛盾等現(xiàn)象。第四步：認(rèn)真檢查，避免出現(xiàn)以下錯(cuò)誤： 符號(hào)不規(guī)范；一個(gè)詞改為幾個(gè)或幾 個(gè)改為一個(gè)；該大寫的未大寫；合成詞只改了其中一部分等。四、練

14、習(xí)假如英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。每句中最多有兩處，每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（A）,并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改十處，多者（從第 11處起）不計(jì)分（一）（2012 陜西）My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month. It

15、is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport.We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath. What I liked best were the free high-s peed Internet connection in the room. I checked my email messages every day. I also shared for m y friends many p

16、hotos taking in Beijing. The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we e njoyed several local dish.It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing.（二）（2011 浙江）I was playing at my cousin house. Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys

17、than IdidThere was one on particular I ' always wanted. I put into my pocket when he wasn ' looking.Igues sed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or faced my cousin aga in. I would always know I ' done something wrong. Late on, my aunt drove me home.

18、 When shedroppedme off, I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back. She knows what had happened, but she thanked me and ever mentioned it again.（三）（2014浙江）I was taki ng a train to London ' s Victoria Station. I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.Before long, a train i

19、nspector comes to check our tickets. A passenger realized he couldnhis ticket but became quite upset. Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket, whichwas eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner. The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.No one

20、 in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before. Yet they had so quickly offered the strangers their help. If we could show concern to others on need, the world would be a better place to live in.一、名詞歸納總結(jié)：從所有格、可數(shù)和不可數(shù)、單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)的角度判斷文 章中名詞的使用是否正確，名詞的數(shù)或格有沒有錯(cuò)誤以及根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān) 系。二、動(dòng)詞歸納總結(jié)：時(shí)態(tài)主要考查現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過(guò)去時(shí)的誤用，句中一般沒有時(shí)問(wèn)狀語(yǔ)。每年都考。要注意聯(lián)系上下文，著眼于整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇的時(shí)態(tài)。通常整篇都是 過(guò)去，突然一個(gè)句子用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。其中又以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)互改為多。有時(shí)也 涉及其他時(shí)態(tài)，如一般將來(lái)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等，但很少見。主謂是否一致（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式與主語(yǔ)保持一致）及根據(jù)語(yǔ)意相對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞come go, buy, sell 等詞的使用。三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞歸納總結(jié)：根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中的搭配、 功能與表達(dá)的意 義，判斷在具體語(yǔ)境中該使用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，判斷