時(shí)態(tài).賓語(yǔ)從句歸納

1、時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)資料一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（經(jīng)常,反復(fù),愛好,特點(diǎn),條件,真理 ） do; does am;is;aredone一般過去時(shí)（過去發(fā)生的事,不強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果） did; -edwas;weredone一般將來時(shí)（將要發(fā)生的事）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事）being done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（當(dāng)時(shí)正在發(fā)生的事）being donewill dowill be doneam;is;are doingam;is;arewas;were doingwas;were現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（過去發(fā)生的事,強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果） have;has done have;hasbeen done過去完成時(shí)（過去完成的事；過去以前發(fā)生的事）

2、 had done had beendone過去將來時(shí)（過去將要發(fā)生的事）would do would bedone一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1. 概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。2 .關(guān)鍵詞：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week （day, year, month）,once a week, on Sundays,3 .基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞原形 （如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式）4 .否定形式：am/is/are+not; 此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加don't,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用 doesn&

3、#39;t ,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。5 .一般疑問句：把 be 動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do 提問， 如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does,同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。二、 一般過去時(shí)1. 概念：過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year,night, mon th )，in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：b

4、e 動(dòng)詞 I was a student last year. 行為動(dòng)詞的過去式I finished myhomework yesterday4. 否定形式：was/were+not; I was not a student last year.在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。I didn ' niSh my homework yesterday5. 一般疑問句：was 或 were 放于句首；Were you a student last year ？用助動(dòng)詞do 的過去式did 提問，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。Didn t they finish myhomework

5、 yesterday?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now, at this time, days, etc. look . listen3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be+doing He is doing his homework now.4. 否定形式：be+not+doing. He is not doing his homework now.5. 一般疑問句：把be 動(dòng)詞放于句首。Is he doing his homework now.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this tim

6、e yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)s+was/were+doingWhen he knocked at the door, hismother was cooking.4. 否定形式：s+was/were + not + doing. When he knocked at the door, hismother was not cooking.5. 一般疑問句：把was 或 were 放于句首。(第一個(gè)字母大寫)Was his mothercooking, when he knocked at the do

7、or?五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1. 概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng) 開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+ 時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+ 時(shí)間 段， recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + doneThe countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 這個(gè)農(nóng)村在過去的幾年里變化了很多4. 否定形式：have/has + not +d

8、one. The countryside has not changed a lot inthe past few years.5. 一般疑問句：have 或 has。 Has the countryside changed a lot in the past fewyears.六、 過去完成時(shí)1. 概念：以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。2 .時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.3 . 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done.As soon as we got to

9、 the station, the train had left.By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books.4 .否定形式：had + not + done. By the end of last month. We had notreviewed four books.5 .一般疑問句：had 放于句首。By the end of last month. Had we reviewed fourbooks.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+had+過去分詞（done）肯定句：主語(yǔ)+had+過去分詞+其他否定何：主語(yǔ)+had+not+過去分詞+其他

10、一般疑問句：Had+主語(yǔ)+過去分詞+其他特殊疑問旬：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問旬 七、一般將來時(shí)1 . 概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。2 .時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ),soon, in a few minutes, by ,the day after tomorrow, etc.3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+going to + do ； will/shall + do.It is going to rain.They will finish work tomorrow.will/shall no

11、t do 。4. 否定形式：am/is/are not going to doIt is not going to rain.They will not finish work tomorrow.5. 一般疑問句：be 放于句首；will/shall 提到句首。Is it going to rain?Will they finish work tomorrow?Yes, they will.No, they won t.八、 過去將來時(shí)1 . 概念：立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。2 .時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：the next day(morning, year ),the follow

12、ing month(week),etc.3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+going to + do ； would/should + do.They told me that they would go to work in Guang dong.4. 否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.They told me that they would not go to work in Guang dong.5. 一般疑問句：was 或 were 放于句首；would/should 提到句首。He said he wa

13、s going there.Was he going there? 賓語(yǔ)從句歌訣賓語(yǔ)從句三姊妹，that， if/whether ， wh-/how 展風(fēng)采。展風(fēng)采有三關(guān)，引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)在把關(guān)。主從時(shí)態(tài)要一致，陳述語(yǔ)序永不變。陳述請(qǐng)你選that,疑問需用if/whether連。特殊問句作賓從，原來問詞不用換。三關(guān)過后莫得意，人稱、標(biāo)點(diǎn)需注意。留意變臉的if/when ，從句的簡(jiǎn)化記心間。 歌訣解碼一、三姊妹賓語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類型：1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：We knew （ that） we should learn from each other.2. 由 if

14、/whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.3. 由who， where， how 等連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office ？二、三關(guān)1. 引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)如果從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that （that在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略）；如果從句是一般疑問句，引導(dǎo)詞用if/whether ；如果從句是特殊疑問句，引導(dǎo)詞用由疑問詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來的疑問代詞/副詞。2. 語(yǔ)序關(guān)陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序不變，即仍用陳述

15、語(yǔ)序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said. f The teacher said （that） he was an honest boy.一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。如：Does he work hard ? I wonder. f I wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave ? I don' t know. f I don' t know when he left.3. 時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如：I have h

16、eard（ that） he will come back next week.如果主句是過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如：He said（ that） there were no classes yesterday.注意： 如果賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時(shí)，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.三、人稱的變化和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用1. 從句的主語(yǔ)如果是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句則與主句的主語(yǔ)一致；如果是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語(yǔ)一致；如果是第三人稱，不用變化。如：“M

17、ay I use your knife ? ” He asked me. f He asked me if he might use my knife.“Do you know her telephone number? ” He asked me. fHe asked me if I know her telephone number.2. 賓語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號(hào)；主句是疑問句，用問號(hào)。如：Who will give us a talk ? I don' t know. fI don' t know who will give us a talk.D

18、o you know ? Where does he live ? f Do you know where he lives ?四、兩副面孔if 和 when 既能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，又能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。因此，遇到它們就要認(rèn)真分析一下，它們究竟屬于“兩副面孔”的哪一副。如：If it rains tomorrow , I won' t come.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）I don t know if it will rain tomorrow. （賓語(yǔ)從句）五、從句的簡(jiǎn)化1 .當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 find , see, watch, hear等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常簡(jiǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶 to 的不定式或V-ing 形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. f She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.2 .當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope, wish, decide, fo