摘要翻譯docx2

1、一Abstract:Deep desulfurization of diesel fuel has attracted the attention of a growing number of scientists and engineers due to the stringent regulations imposed on the presence of sulfur in fuel (10 ppm). To bring down the concentration of sulfur compounds to less than 10 ppm is very challenging a

2、nd demands newer technologies. Novel processes are being proposed for this purpose. It is observed that ionic liquids as class of green solvents can play a major role in the deep desulfurization of diesel fuel. For this reason, this review focuses on the current status in application of ionic liquid

3、s for achieving ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD). To get a comprehensive perspective about the topic, other techniques of desulfurization are also discussed in brief in the introduction. Here we propose that the appropriate removal method should be selected according to different systems. To achieve d

4、eep desulfurization using ionic liquids, a better understanding regarding the regeneration of ionic liquids is vitally important.摘要：由于加強了硫含量的規(guī)定（10ppm），越來越多的科學(xué)家和工程師關(guān)注柴油燃料的深度脫硫問題。使含硫化合物的濃度降低到10ppm以下，是一項很具有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，需要新的技術(shù)支持。為此，各種新的工藝過程正在被人們所提出。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，作為綠色溶劑的離子液體在柴油燃料深度脫硫方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。因此，本文著重論述了離子液體在獲取極低硫含量的柴油（

5、ULSD）方面最新的應(yīng)用狀況。為了得到一個全面綜合的觀點，引言部分對其他一些脫硫技術(shù)也進行了簡單的討論。這里，我們提出要根據(jù)不同的系統(tǒng)來選擇相應(yīng)的合適的脫硫方法。為了使用離子液來達到深度脫硫這一目的，更好地理解離子液再生過程是至關(guān)重用的。摘要來源: Kulkarni, Prashant S.; Afonso, Carlos A. M. Deep desulfurization of diesel fuel using ionic liquids: current status and future challenges. Green Chemistry (2010), 12(7), 1139-

6、1149. 二AbstractHigh sulfur level in diesel fuel has been identified as a major contributor to air pollutant in term of sulfur dioxide (SOx) through diesel fueled vehicles. The main aim of the present work is to develop a promising methodology for ultra deep desulfurization of diesel fuel using oxida

7、tion followed by phase transfer of oxidized sulfur. Experiments were carried out in a batch reactor using n-decane as the model diesel compound and also using commercial diesel feedstock. To remove sulfur tetraoctylammonium bromide, phosphotungstic acid, and hydrogen peroxide were used as phase tran

8、sfer agent, catalyst and oxidant respectively. The percent sulfur removal increases with increasing the initial concentration of sulfur in fuel and with increasing the reaction temperature. Similar trends were observed when commercial diesel was used to carry out desulfurization studies. The amphiph

9、ilic catalyst serves as a catalyst and also as an emulsifying agent to stabilize the emulsion droplets. The effects of temperature, agitation speed, quantity of catalyst and the phase transfer agent were studied to estimate the optimal conditions for the reactions. The sulfur removal from a commerci

10、al diesel by phase transfer catalysis has been found effective and removal efficiency was more than 98%. Kinetic experiments carried out for the desulfurization revealed that the sulfur removal results are best fitted to a pseudo first order kinetics and the apparent activation energy of desulfuriza

11、tion was 30.6 kJ/mol.摘要：車輛柴油燃燒生成的SOx是空氣中的污染物，柴油的高含硫水平被確認(rèn)為SOx的主要來源。目前工作的主要目的是用氧化方法，通過氧化硫化合物的相轉(zhuǎn)化，發(fā)展一種有前途的柴油燃料深度脫硫的技術(shù)。實驗中采用正癸烷作為柴油模型，同時也用商業(yè)柴油做原料，在間歇式反應(yīng)器中完成。為了脫硫，分別使用四辛基溴化銨作為相轉(zhuǎn)移劑，磷鎢酸作為催化劑，過氧化氫作為氧化劑。隨著柴油中原始硫濃度的增加和反應(yīng)溫度的增加，硫脫除的百分率也增加。使用商業(yè)柴油進行脫硫研究，也有相似的趨勢。兩親性催化劑不僅起到催化劑的作用，同時也作為乳化劑對乳狀液起到穩(wěn)定作用。通過研究溫度、攪拌速度、催化劑的

12、數(shù)量和相轉(zhuǎn)移的影響，來估計反應(yīng)的最優(yōu)條件。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)通過相轉(zhuǎn)移從商業(yè)柴油中脫除硫是高效的，脫除效率高于98%。脫硫的動力學(xué)實驗顯示：脫硫的結(jié)果和假設(shè)的一級動力學(xué)吻合，脫硫的表觀活化能為30.6KJ/mol。摘要來源：Sachdeva, T. O.; Pant, K. K. Deep desulfurization of diesel via peroxide oxidation using phospho tungstic acid as phase transfer catalyst. Fuel Processing Technology (2010), 91(9), 1133-1138.三A

13、bstractTitania-supported vanadium oxide catalysts were prepared by thermal spreading and wet impregnation at different preparation conditions, to increase the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) activity of the sulfur compounds. The catalysts were modified introducing sulfates species and creating vanad

14、ium oxides partially reduced on titania. The oxidation states and reducibility of vanadium catalysts were studied by means of temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and potentiometric titration. Catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), N2 adsorptiondesorption technique

15、, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. Catalytic performance was discussed in terms of vanadium species prevailing on the catalysts, which increase the reactivity of refractory hydrodesulfurization (HDS) compounds (DBT, 4-MDBT, and 4,6-DMDBT).摘要：為了增加含硫化合物氧化脫硫（ODS）的的活性，在不同條件下通過熱擴散和濕法浸漬來制備

16、負(fù)載在氧化釩上的鈦催化劑。通過引入硫酸鹽種類，生成在鈦上的氧化釩部分減少來改性催化劑。通過程序升溫還原（）和電位滴定研究釩催化劑的氧化狀態(tài)和還原能力。用，吸附-托夫技術(shù)，XRD，拉曼光譜對催化劑進行表征。依據(jù)催化劑的礬種類，這些催化劑增加了很難加氫脫硫的化合物(DBT, 4-MDBT, and 4,6-DMDBT).的反應(yīng)活性，研究催化性能。摘要來源：Ramos-Luna,Mariana A.;Cedeno-Caero,Luis. Effect of sulfates and reduced-vanadium species on oxidative desulfurization (ODS)

17、 with V2O5/TiO2 catalysts.Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (2011), 50(5), 2641-2649. 四AbstractThree redox ionic liquids based on iron chloride were synthesized and employed in extraction and catalytic oxidation desulfurization systems for removal of benzothiophene (BT), dibenzothiophe

18、ne (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) in model oil. Sulfur removal selectivity for S-compounds followed the order of DBT > 4,6-DMDBT > BT. Due to the redox properties of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride iron chloride (bmimCl/FeCl3) with addition of hydrogen peroxide, DBT re

19、moval can reach 99.2% under mild reaction conditions, which is not only higher than mere extraction with ionic liquid (IL), but also superior to two other ILs based on iron chloride under the same reaction conditions. Herein, bmimCl/FeCl3 played a dual role in the process of desulfurization, not only acting as catalyst but also acting as an extractant. bmimCl/FeCl3 is insoluble in n-octane, and the solubility in the model oil is