形容詞和副詞2

1、一、學習目標：知識目標：1. 了解形容詞和副詞的構成方法;2. 掌握形容詞和副詞在句子中的位置;3. 掌握形容詞和副詞的基本用法;能力目標：能夠正確地使用形容詞和副詞。情感目標：幫助同學們進行知識的歸納總結，拓寬知識面。二、重點、難點：1. 形容詞作表語、賓語補足語和修飾不定代詞的用法；2. 副詞修飾動詞作狀語；3. 形容詞、副詞的比較等級。三、考情分析：近年來，全國各地的中考英語試題對形容詞和副詞的考查主要集中在以下四方 面：1. 對形容詞的考查重點是比較等級的用法，其作表語、賓語補足語和修飾不定代詞的用法；2. -ing形式與-ed形式形容詞的辨析；3.對副詞的考查重點是副詞修飾動詞作狀語

2、，以及副詞的比較級與最高級；4. 形容詞與副詞在語境中的詞義辨析等。四、知能提升：（一）知識講解形容詞用來修飾名詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞叫形容詞。I、形容詞的構成:1. 本身即為形容詞的詞（如red, glad, ni ce, beautiful)2.由“名詞+y”構成的形容詞sunT sunnywind t windyfun T funnycloudT cloudyno is» no isyluck T lucky3. 加后綴構成的形容詞(女口 -able, -e nt, -e n, -al, -ful, -less 等)comfortTcomfortablenati

3、orr national woodwooden differtdifferentcare carefulhope hop eless4.由“名詞+ly ”構成的形容詞：friend frie ndlyH、形容詞的用法及位置< 一 >作定語形容詞修飾名詞時放于名詞之前；修飾不定代詞時，放于不定代詞之后。如:1. What beautiful flowers ！2. The n ice girl is my sister.3. He wan ts to do somethi ng differe nt this time.4.1 have someth ing imp orta nt

4、to tell you.【考題鏈接】(help) guide. Shirley has done a lot for the tourists. She is really a答案：helpful解題思路：guide “導游”，是一個名詞，其前應用形容詞作定語來修飾。（成功的）player. As we know, Liu Xia ng is a答案：successful解題思路：句意“眾所周知，劉翔是一個成功的運動員” 。player是一個名詞,前面“成功的”應該用形容詞形式，形容詞作定語來修飾名詞。<二 > 作表語在be動詞、感官動詞taste（嘗起來），smell （聞起來）

5、，sou nd （聽起來），look（看起來），feel （摸上去）以及become, get, turn,grow等系動詞后用形容詞作表語。如:He is young.She looks happy today.The food tastes delicious.【考題鏈接】 The old woma n looked（著急的）because shecould n 'find her purse.答案：worried解題思路：句意“那位老太太看上去很著急，因為她找不到她的錢包了”。look在本句中是感官動詞，意為“看起來”，其后要接形容詞作表語。 The dish smellsand

6、 you'd better throw it away.A. good B. well C. bad D. badly答案：C解題思路：句意“這道菜聞起來味道不好，你最好把它扔掉” 。smell在本句中是感官動詞，意為“聞起來”，其后要接形容詞作表語。D. badly副詞；B. well作形容詞，表示“身體好的”，作副詞，表示“好的”，不合題意；A. good形容詞“好的”，不合題意。所以選C。三作賓語補足語放在賓語之后，常與 make, leave, keep等動詞連用。如:You should kee p your room clea n every day.What makes

7、you sad?Don 'leave the door open whe n you go out.【考題鏈接】Your room is very dirty. You should keep itA. clea n B. dry C. quiet答案：A解題思路：根據(jù)句意“你的房間很臟。你應該保持它的干凈”?？芍xA。keep +賓語+形容詞作賓語補足語。四形容詞的順序1、冠詞/代詞+形容詞+名詞：a beautiful girl 個漂亮的女孩an excelle nt musicia n個卓越的音樂家your favourite music你最喜歡的音樂2、形容詞的后置:1）當名詞

8、前面有表示量度的詞或詞組時，形容詞要放在所修飾的名詞后面。London is a city about two thousand yearsold.倫敦是一個大約有=London is about a two-thousa nd-year-oldLast year we built a building thirteen storeyshigh.去年我們蓋了當量度詞組與形'兩容千年歷成史的成詞，并在句中ci作定語，需要放在名詞前面城市。棟十二層的高樓。=Last year we built a thirteen-storey-high building.2）帶有表示量度的詞或詞組作表語

9、時，形容詞要后置。The bridge is a hun dred meterio ng.這座橋長達一百米。The buildi ng is thirtee n storeyshigh.這座建筑有十三層高。3） 一些形容詞或形容詞詞組常放在句首或句尾，作狀語。He returned home, tired and hungry他又累又餓地回到了家。Cold and hungry, she walked in the streets 走在街道上，又冷又餓。m、-ing形式與-ed形式形容詞的辨析-ed形容詞多形容人的情緒或感受，主語一般是人。-ing形容詞多形容客觀事物體現(xiàn)在外的性質(zhì)，主語或修飾

10、的詞一般是物?！究碱}鏈接】Nancy doesn'enjoy her job anymore. Shesbecause every day she doesexactly the same thi ng.A. relax ing B. relaxed C. bori ng D. bored答案：D解題思路：-ed形容詞的主語一般是人，-ing形容詞的主語或它所修飾的詞一般是物。首先排除A和C;根據(jù)前句意思“ Nancy不再喜歡她的工作”，可判斷是“厭煩了” ,因此選D。IV.形容詞的特殊用法有些形容詞可以和定冠詞the連用，表示一類人或事物。這時，它相當于一個名詞,可以作主語或賓語。表

11、示一類人時，看作復數(shù)；表示一類事物是，看作單數(shù)。h pthoryou ng 年輕人Bobin hated the rich and loveThe woun ded/old are well looked aftee aged 老人the sick 病人We all love the beautiful即學即練1. Look! Howthe deaf聾啞人 the boys are!Y es. They won the game this after noon.A. excit ingB. exciteme ntC. excite D. excited2. Who left the wi nd

12、owsA. open B. opening C. opened D. opens3. Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this eve ning.OK. Let 'give himto eat.A. someth ing differe ntB. differe nt any thi ngC. any thi ng differe ntD. differe nt somethi ng4. The sea looks very.whe n the sun is shi ning on it.A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. t

13、he most beautiful5. She told us a story. Her voice soun dedA. sweet B. small C. clearly D. sadly6. George was frighte ned to see a sn ake in the grass. His face turnedA. p ale B. clea n C. sadly D. happ ily7. Harry Po tter is anbook for childre n, but my cous in isn'tin it at all.A. in teresti n

14、g; in teresti ngB. in terested; in terestedC. in teresti ng; in terestedD. in terested; in teresti ng(frie nd).8.1 like work ing here because every one is9. The Gree ns are(happy) to live in this(no ise) street. They want tomove to ano ther p lace.10. Susa n ofte n goes swimmi ng in summer whe n 

15、9; warm and 副詞(sun).修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或句子，說明時間、地點、程度、方式等概念的詞稱為副詞。I、畐U詞的分類:1.時間副詞(1)表示何時:now, today等(表現(xiàn)在)then, yesterday, last night,ago, just now, a moment ago等 (表過去)tomorrow, n ext week, toni ght 等(表將來)這類副詞是確定動詞時態(tài)的標志，是解題的突破口。(2) 表示頻度： always, usually, ofte n, sometimes, n ever, every day, hardly, twice

16、aweek 等。(3)表示其他時間關系：already, early, si nee, still, at on ce, at first, at las等。2. 地點副詞here, there, home, up stairs, dow nstairs, somewhe等。3.方式副詞一般用來回答“怎樣地”這類問題，像well, hard, slowly等。4.程度副詞多用于修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞或介詞短語。常見的有much, a little, abit, very, too, eno ugh, quite 等。5. 疑問副詞how, when, where, why用于引導一個特殊疑問句

17、， 提出疑問。另有由how組成的疑問畐U詞短語 how often, how far, how soon, how long, how much等。n、副詞的構成1.本身即為副詞：no w, very, there, how, too, wel 等。2.與形容詞形式相同的副詞：early, late, high, wide等。3. 由“形容詞+ly ”構成的副詞:slow T slowlyquick 宀 quicklyclears clearlybadH badly4. 一些形容詞本身即可作副詞，而加 ly 之后也為副詞，但意義不同。如:hard努力地，狠狠地hardly幾乎不；wide寬地w

18、idely廣泛地；high高高地highly高度地His parents hit him hard.His parents hardly hit him.5. 有些以 ly 結尾的詞是形容詞，而不是副詞。如:friendly （友好的）；lonely （孤獨的）；lovely （可愛的）6. 有些形容詞和副詞同形因為這類詞的形容詞和副詞同形，所以要看它在句中具體修飾什么詞來判斷它到底是形容詞還是副詞。This kind of wood is hard. 這種木材硬。He studies hard他努力學習。He looks well. 看起來他身體不錯。He works well. 他工作得很

19、好。皿、副詞在句中的作用一作狀語:修飾形容詞或動詞He works hard.It 'rai ning heavily.You are quite right.The boy is too young.【考題鏈接】 Han d-foot-mouth disease is terrible, but I believe that we Chin ese can beat it（成功地）.答案：successfully解題思路：副詞在謂語動詞之后作狀語。（容易地）. He' so str ong that he can carry the box答案：easily解題思路：副詞在謂

20、語動詞之后作狀語。二 作定語：少數(shù)地點副詞和時間速記可以作定語，放在所修飾詞的后面。The students副詞作涵和介詞短語om語一anjir#The stude nts in the room are all from Tianji n.三 作表語：作表語的副詞多數(shù)是表示位置的，如in, out, on, back, dow n, up, Iff,up stair 等。Is he in?What' on this eve ning?My mother has bee n away for a week.W、副詞的位置1. 一般副詞作狀語時，放在謂語動詞之后。如果謂語動詞后帶賓語，則

21、放在賓語后面。He is jumping happ ily.The boy is doing his homework carefully.2. 地點副詞、時間副詞和方式副詞一般放在句尾。They live here.I llmeet him at the station tomorrow.The boy runs quickly.They did their exp erime nts carefully in the lab yesterday.3. 頻率副詞在句中的位置在be動詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞之后，行為動詞之前。She is always kind to us.I can never

22、 forget the day.The work has n ever bee n done.He often goes to school early.練一練A:B: Oh, II did n't know you take a bus to school.take a bus, but it is snowing today.A. hardlyB. n everC. sometimes D.usually位置“非常，很”位置very用于修飾原級：very big非常大 用于修飾比較級： much bigger大得多 動詞：I like English very much. 我很喜歡

23、英語。ars old.4.程度副詞在句中的1）修飾動詞時，位置與頻度副詞的情況修飾似He is almost forty yeHe can hardly understand you.I quite like the boy.2）修飾形容詞、副詞時，程度副詞位于它所修飾的詞的 前面。He tudies much hardg只有nonwugh修飾形容詞、副詞時，要放在所修飾詞之后。The room is big enough to hold fifty persons.He runs fast enough5.修飾全句的副詞一般位于 句首，用來修飾整個句子，表示說話人對話語的態(tài)度。Luckily

24、, she was in whe n I called.Don 'worry. He is【考題鏈接】to look after little Betty.A. carefully eno ughB. eno ugh carefulC. careful eno ugh D. eno ughcarefully答案：C解題思路：en ough作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時，要放在所修飾詞的后面，所以排除B和D?？瞻滋幥懊媸莃e動詞，因此應該填形容詞。故選 C。即學即練1. Look, it 'rainingThat' great. Its too hot these days.A

25、. greatlyB. heavilyC. quicklyD. hardly2.A. LuckyB. LuckilyC. Un luckyD. U niuckily3. I m sure I 'e seen him,but I can 'remember the right p lace.A. any whereB. no whereC. somewhereD. everywhere4. I did n'slee plast ni ght. I feel tired now.A. wellB. niceC. fineD.goodthe weather was not s

26、o wet as it is today and we p layed happ ily.5. Mr Li is very popu lar among the stude nts.Y es. His classes arelively and in teresti ng.A. alwaysB. sometimesC. hardlyD. never6. Mum, I think I mto get back to school.Oh, dear. Y oud better stay at home for ano ther day or two.A. so wellB. so goodC. w

27、ell eno ughD. good eno ugh7. Though he studiedat Russia n for ten mon ths, he can stillsp eak theA. hard; hardA. HowIan guage.B. hardly; hardly C. hard; hardlyD. hardly; hard8.B. Whodo you like the movie?Very in teresti ng.C. WhatD. WhenV、形容詞和副詞的級大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有原級、比較級和最高級。原級即形容詞或副詞的原形,比較級和最高級的構成如下:1.規(guī)則變化

28、類別構成方法原級比較級最高級單音節(jié)般直接加-er，longIon gerIon gest詞和少-esttalltallertallest數(shù)雙音以不發(fā)音的e結latelaterlatest節(jié)詞尾時加-r，-stlargelargerlargest以輔音字母加yeasyeasiereasiest結尾時，把y變i，再力口 -er，-esthappyhapp ierhapp iest以重讀閉音節(jié)結bigbiggerbiggest尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母時，雙寫最后的輔音字母，再加-er，-esthothotterhottest多音節(jié)在原級前加carefulmoremost careful詞和部more

29、，mostcareful分雙音beautifulmoremost節(jié)詞beautifulbeautiful2.以ly結尾的副詞，除early外，比較級、最高級都用在其前加more, most的形式。原級比較級最咼級earlyearlierearliestslowlymore slowlymost slowlyquicklymorequicklymost quicklybravelymorebravelymost bravely3.不規(guī)則變化。原級比較級最咼級good /wellbetterbestmany / muchmoremostlittlelessleastbad /badly/illwo

30、rseworstoldolder （年紀較大的）oldest （年紀最大的）eldest （最年長的）elder （較年長的）farfarther (較遠)further (進一步)farthest （最遠）furthest （最大限度）*有些副詞沒有比較等級的變化，如：now, never, then, here, always, howw、形容詞、副詞原級的用法:1.說明人或事物自身的特征、性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)時用原級。The flowers in the garde n are beautiful.He runs fast.2.有表示絕對概念的副詞very, too, so, enough, qu

31、ite等修飾時，用原級。The boy is too young.He p lays the piano very well.3.表示A與B在某一方面程度相同或不同時用形容詞或副詞的原級。肯定句中的結構：“ A+ as +形容詞/副1Tom is as tall as JackHe runs as fast as I.可原級弋! as3s+- B。ossible表示“盡可能”.I' arrive as early as I can.=1 'll arrive as early as p ossible.I will write you back as quickly as I

32、can.=I will write you back as quickly as否定句中的結構：“ A+ not+as/so + 形容詞/副詞原級卩點磅+ B”。I don 'do my homework as (so) carefully as you.She isn'as (so) careful as you.否定句的結構相當于less + 形容詞/副詞原級+ than。This movie is less in terest ing tha n that one.TO、形容詞/副詞比較級的用法1.表示兩者進行比較時用形容詞或副詞的比較級，其結構為“A+比較級+than+

33、 B”。表示“ A比B更” 。如:This room is bigger than that one.I am taller than you.注意：為了避免重復，在從句中常用the one, that, those等詞來替代前面出現(xiàn)過的名詞。其中the one替代可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，the ones或those替代可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式， that 替代不可數(shù)名詞。如：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of ShanghaiThe students of Class One study harder than those

34、of Class Two.2. 前面有表示程度的副詞 a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, far 等修飾時，用形容詞 /副詞的比較級。It's much warmer today.This problem is a lot more difficult than that one.3.表示兩者之間“哪一個更”時，用句型“Which/Who is +形容詞/副詞比較級， A or B? ”表示。如：Which is bigger, an elephant or a panda?Who is taller, Mike or Ted?4.表示“兩者之中比較

35、的一個(of the two) ”時，常用“ the +比較級”結構。如：Bob is the taller of the two boys.5.表示“越來越 ”時，用比較級的重疊結構，即“比較級+ and +比較級”，多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞用“ more and more + 原級”的結構。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.6. 表示“越就越”時，用“ the +比較級，the +比較級”結構。如:The more you eat, the fa

36、tter you will be.The more you study, the more you know.忸、形容詞/副詞最高級的用法1.表示三者或三者以上的人或物進行比較時，用最高級形式。形容詞最高級前必須加定冠詞the,副詞的最高級前可不加。句末常接一個in/of短語來表示范圍。What'the best sport in summer?Li Dong sings best of the four boys.2.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中進行選擇時，用“Which/Who is the +最高級,A, B or C? ”結構。如:Which is the most beau

37、tiful, Beiji ng, Shan ghai or Guan gzhou?3.表示“最的之一”時，用“ one of the + 形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)”結構。如:Zhou Jiel un is one of the most popu lar sin gers.4. 形容詞最高級前可以加序數(shù)詞，表示“第幾最”。如:The Y ellow River is the sec ond Ion gest river in Chi na.5.形容詞最高級前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾時，不能再用定冠詞the。如:Li Mi ng is my best friend.6.形容詞比較級結構可以表示最高級含義。如:Li