可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載第一章名詞考點(diǎn)集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練一、名詞【考點(diǎn)直擊】1 .可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的用法；2 .名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及用法；3 .近義名詞的辨析?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】一、可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞1 .名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式后加詞尾-S”或-es”構(gòu)成，其主要變法如下：(1) 一般情況在詞尾加-s,例如：bookbooks, girl -girls boy-boys, penfpens,doctor fdoctors, boy- boys(2) 以 s,x, ch, sh,結(jié)尾的詞力口 -es,例如：busf buses class fclasseGoxf

2、 boxes, watch f watches brush f brushes 但:stomachs stomachs(3)以輔音母加y結(jié)尾的詞變“y為"i再加-es例如：city -cities, factoryffactories,country -countries, family-fanffilies注意的是 以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加 s,如：boy-boys, day -days(4)以 o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)都力口 -es。例如:hero fheroesnegrcrnegroes,potato fpotatoes tomato -tomatoes!詞末為兩個(gè)元音字母

3、的詞只力口 -s。例如：zoo-zoos, radio fradios還有某些外來(lái)詞也只力口 -s,例如：photofphotospianofpianos 注意:zerg zeros / zeroes(5)以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f為v再加-es,例如：knife fknives leaf -leaves,half fhalvesshelff shelves , thieJ thieves ,但：rooffroofs , chieff chiefs , handkerchieffhandkerchiefs復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s (或es)的讀音方法情況讀法例詞在ptkf等清輔音后scups, cakes

4、 , desks ,在sz皿 由tf等音后izglasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches, faces在bd北sv等濁輔音及元音后zbeds, dogs, cities, knives(7)少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：manpmen ,woman>women ,tooth fteeth foot ffeet child fchildren mouses mice。【注意】與man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。例 如：an Englishman, two Englishmen。但 German 不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形

5、式為 Germans； man, woman等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定，如： men workers, women teachers有個(gè)別名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一樣，例如：Chinese, Japanese sheep deer, fish等。(8)單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有：people, police等。(9)數(shù)詞+名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式，中間加連字符。例如：ten-minute walk, an 8-year-old girl, a seven-day holiday(10)還有些名詞僅有復(fù)數(shù)形式， 如：trousers, clothes, chopstic

6、ks, glasses goods, ashes scissors, compasses(11)只用作單數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有：physics, mathematics/maths, the United States, Niagara Falls , news, falls(12 )可數(shù)名詞當(dāng)數(shù)量不止“一” 時(shí)，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。只修飾復(fù)數(shù)的詞有：many , several , a few , a number of ,both及不包括 “” 的基數(shù)詞 ，(13)人名、地名的復(fù)數(shù)直接加-s ,字母、符號(hào)、數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)加-'s2.不可數(shù)名詞 量”的表示方法在英語(yǔ)中，不可數(shù)名詞一般只有單數(shù)形式

7、，不能與a/an或數(shù)詞連用。如果要表示 量”的概念，可以用以下兩種方法：(1) 用 much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, some, any, a bit of , plenty of 等表示， 例如：The rich man has a lot of money There is some milk in the bottle.Is there any water in the glas sI don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice(2)用“數(shù)詞+名詞(量)

8、+ of +不可數(shù)名詞”這類定語(yǔ)，例如：a piece of paper/ wood/bread/news/meata bottle/glass of orange/ water/milk/juicea cup of tea/coffee a bag of rice如果要表示 兩杯茶"、四張紙”這類概念時(shí)，在容器后加復(fù)數(shù)，例如：two cups of tea four pieces of paperthree glasses of water二、名詞的所有格名詞所有格，用來(lái)表示人或物的所有，以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。有兩種形式：1 .表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加's,其復(fù)數(shù)形式

9、是s',例如：a student'sroom, students' rooms, father's shoes2 .如其結(jié)尾不是s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加's,如：Children's Day。Women,s Day3 .以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞或人名后應(yīng)加-'s構(gòu)成所有格。如：a waitresss job, Charles address4 .在表示時(shí)間、距離、長(zhǎng)度、重量、價(jià)格、世界、國(guó)家等名詞要用s,所有格.例如：a twenty minutes' walk, ten miles' journey, a boat's

10、length, two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth, today's newspape r5 .如果某物為兩人共有，只在后一個(gè)詞尾加-'s,如果不是兩人共有，兩個(gè)名詞后都要 力口-' s。 如：Lucy and Lily's bedroom , Janes and Tom's books6 .無(wú)生命名詞的所有格則通常用 of結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：a map of China, the end of this term, the capital of our country, the color of the

11、 flowers。7 .表示某物的一部分、抽象概念或一個(gè)名詞被另一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或句子修飾時(shí)，通常用雙重 所有格， 例如： a friend of my father's, the top of the house, the cost of living ,an example of how to use this word8 .表示“某人的家”、“店鋪”等生活、工作場(chǎng)所的所有各后面的名詞通常省略。如：at Mr Wang s （在王先生家）at the doctor's（在醫(yī)生診所）三、名詞的句法作用1. 作主語(yǔ)：A girl is over there .2. 作賓語(yǔ)：I have

12、 a computer.3. 作表語(yǔ)： My father is a teacher.4. 作定語(yǔ)：The school library was built last year .5. 作賓補(bǔ)：Tom made his brother a kite .6. 作同位語(yǔ)： We students must study hard .【注意】：（1）:名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要在人稱和數(shù)方面和它的主語(yǔ)一致（2）：名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般不用復(fù)數(shù)；但man/woman作定語(yǔ)時(shí)隨其所修飾的名詞的數(shù)而變化 。如：an apple tree-two apple trees a woman teacher- some

13、women teachers【實(shí)例解析】1. （2004年上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題）These have saved many children ' s lives.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorC. women doctorsD. woman doctor答案：Co該題考查的是名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的變化。woman作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要和被修飾的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。2. （2004年河北省中考試題）This is bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.A. Anne and JaneB. Anne ' s and Jane

14、 ' sC. Anne ' s and JaneD. Anne and Jane ' s答案：D。該題考查的是并列名詞的所有格。兩人共有一個(gè)房間時(shí)，只在后面的名 詞后加'3. （2004年吉林省中考試題）-Are there any on the farm?-Yes, there are some.A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep答案：D。該題考查的是特殊名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。從謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)判斷，主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。只有sheep可用作復(fù)數(shù)名詞。4. （2004年佛山市中考試題）-What would you like to dr

15、ink,or orange?-Orange, please.A. hamburger B. chip C. tea答案：Co該題考查的是名詞的類別。三種東西中只有 tea能喝?！局锌佳菥殹恳?單項(xiàng)填空1. - Where have you been, Tim?-I ' ve been to.A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henry ' s homeD. Henry ' s2. In England, if is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is cal

16、led supper.A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner3. You looked for it twice, but you haven' t found it. Why not try.A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once4. - They are thirsty. W川 you please give them?-Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle

17、of water D. some bottle of waters5. Mike hurt one of his in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear6. There is some on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears7. In England, the last name is the.A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name8. They are going to fly to.A. Ger

18、men B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans9. The are going to fly to Beijing.A. Germen B. GermanyC. Germanys D. Germans10. The little baby has two already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths11. What' s your for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news12. - It ' s dangerous here. We 

19、9; d better go out quickly.-But I think we should let go out first.A. woman and children B. women and childC. woman and child D. women and children13. - You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign" " on the door of his she-Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING14. Are

20、they going to have a picnic on?A. Children" s Day B. Childrens ' s DayC. Childrens Day D. Children Day15. I want to buy.A. two bottles of inkB. two bottle of inkC. two bottle of inksD. two bottles of inks16. They don't have to do today .A. much homework B. many homework C. much homework

21、s D. many homeworks17. There are three and seven in the picture .A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps18. room is next to their parents .A. Kate's and Joans B. Kate's and JoanC. Kate and Joan s D. Kate and Joan19. Miss Green is. He will come to see me .A. my a friend B.

22、 a friend C. mine friend D. a friend of mine20. Sheep white and milk also white .A. is, are B. are , is C. is , is D. are , are21. Beijing is one of the biggest in the world .A. city B. city C. citiesD. citys22. Every morning Mr Smith take a to his office .A. 20 minutes' walks B. 20 minute's

23、 walk C. 20- minutes walk D.20-minutewalk23. Whose room is this ?It's.A. Li Ming B. Li Ming 'sC. Li Mings D. Li Mings '24. Here are for you, Sue .A. tomatos B. some tomatoes C. three tomatos D. some tomato25. There are two in the room.A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelves D. shelfes26. Excuse me

24、, are you? Yes, I'm from.A. Japan,Japanese B. China ,Chinese C. England,English D. American,America27. What s the today ? It's June 26h .A. day B. date C. time D. hour28. Are you Mr Thomas Green ?Yes, but you'd better call me Mr or for short.A. Thomas, Green B. Tom, Green C. Green, Tom D

25、. Green, Thomas 28. What do you like best ? Football .A. food B. subject C. sport D. music29. There a number of students over there.There number of the students 5000 .A. is, are B. are, is C. are, are D. is , is30. There are two in my class .A. Marys B. MariesC. Mary'sD. Maries'31. There are

26、 three in the word temperature .A. esB. e'sC. eD. e 'es32. What's wrong with my son's? He cant see things clearly .A. eyes B. ears C. mouthD. nose33. The of an air ticket from Dalian to Guangzhou is about 1800 yuan .A. price B. moneyC. payD. use34. Some are flying kites near the rive

27、r .A. child B. boyC. boysD. childs35. Kate won the race in the sports meeting .A. 100-metre B. 100-metres C. 100 metre D. 100 metre's36. There is a lot of in the box .A. cakeB. bags of cakes C. milkD. bags of milk37. Henry runs very fast. He won the 1000-metre race yesterday.A. boys' B. boys

28、C. boyD. boy's38. The boy always stays there for.A. one and half hourB. one and a half hourC. one and half twoD. one and a half hours39. The has two.A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch40. Ill give you to finish the work .A. two week's B. two weeks' timeC. two we

29、ek time D. two weeks time41. Father went to his doctor for about his heart trouble .A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices二.根據(jù)下列句子的情景及所給漢語(yǔ)注釋，寫出所缺單詞。1. We ' ve got a lot of new(fe) in our school library.2. Please turn to another(頻道),I don ' t like this show.3. Yesterday the(l 班)to L

30、ondon was put off because of the bad weather.4. Autumn is my favourite(季節(jié))5. -How many(小刀)do you have?-Three.6. (電月而)are widely used in the modern world.7. June 1st is(JL 童)Day.8. Mary, would you please tell me your new地址)so that I can write to you.9. -Does this piece of修樂(lè))sound nice?-Yes. It '