Unit5VisitingtheMoon基礎知識講解

1、Unit 5 Visiting the Moon基礎知識講解責編：郭素清詞匯精講1. leaveleave 為動詞，意為“離開某處；離開某人” 。常跟介詞 for 搭配組成詞組 leave for ，意為 “出發(fā)去；前往”，其后接到達的地點。例如：She will leave London in a few days. 她會在幾天內離開倫敦。When do you leave for Beijing?你打算什么時候前往北京？拓展：leave 作動詞，意為“放下，丟下” 。例如： Please leave your message here. 請留下你的消息。2. ableable 為形容詞，意

2、為“能，能夠”。常用搭配 be able to do sth，意為“會/能做某事”，其用 法和含義均跟 can 相近。例如： Ill be able to swim.我將要會游泳了。拓展：詞組辨析： be able to 和 can1)be able to 意為“會，能” ，表示經過努力之后做成了某事，可用于各種時態(tài)。例如： The patient was soon able to sit up. 病人很快就能坐起來了。2)can 為情態(tài)動詞，意為“能夠；可以”，表示一般的能力。 注意： can 只有一般現(xiàn)在時 can 和一般過去時 could 兩種形態(tài)。例如： He can speak tw

3、o foreign languages.他會說兩門外語。He said he could go.他說他能去。3. tietie 為動詞，意為“捆，綁”。常與介詞 to 搭配組成詞組 tieto,意為“把. 拴在.上” 例如： He ties a bell around the catsneck.他在貓的脖子上系上了一個鈴鐺。Tie the horse to the tree.把馬拴在那棵樹上。拓展：tie 還可作名詞，意為“領帶，領結” ，為可數(shù)名詞。例如： He always wears a shirt and tie.他總是穿襯衫打領帶。4. withoutwithout 為介詞，意為“沒

4、有，缺乏” 。后面可以跟代詞、名詞或動名詞詞組成介賓短語， 常位于句首或句中作狀語。與介詞 with 互為反義詞。例如： I dont like a house without a bathroom. 我不喜歡沒有浴室的房子。拓展： with 為介詞，意為“有，帶有” 。例如： The girl with long hair is my classmate. 長頭發(fā)的女孩是我同學。5. weak weak 為形容詞，意為“虛弱的” 。 例如： He was too weak to say a word.他太虛弱了 , 一句話也說不出來。拓展：weak 詞常用與短語 be weak at/in，

5、意為在.方面差；不擅長.”。例如： He is weak at/in English.他英語不好。6. breathebreathe 為動詞，意為“呼吸” 。例如： I cantbreathe. 我不能呼吸了。拓展：breathe 的名詞形式為 breath,意為呼吸”。常用搭配有： take a (deep)breath (深)呼吸 out ofbreath 喘不上氣 hold ones breath屏住呼吸例如： She took a deep breath.她深深地吸了一口氣。Im a bit out of braeth after my run. 跑步后我有點上氣不接下氣。Hold y

6、our breath for a moment. 屏住你的呼吸片刻。7. workwork 為動詞,意為“運行” 。 例如： I know how to work the machine.我知道如何開動機器。拓展： work 作動詞時,還可以表示“工作” 。例如： His father works on a farm. 他爸爸在農場工作。8. returnreturn 為不及物動詞,意為“返回” 。 一般情況下可與短語 come back 互換使用。例如：He returnedto America in the late autumn.他在深秋時節(jié)回到了美國。拓展：return 也可作及物動詞

7、,意為“歸還” ,一般情況下可與短語 give back 互換使用。 例如： Will youreturn my car key?請把汽車鑰匙還給我 , 好嗎 ?詞匯精練I.英漢互譯。1._ 日記_2.宇宙飛船3._ 巖石_ 4.呼吸5. 多于 _6. be able to _7. postcard _ 8. so that _9. weak _ 10. tie to _n.根據(jù)句意和所給首字母填入的適當單詞完成句子。1. She keeps a d_in En glish.2. Man can make s_ rocket model.3. I iplaying in the g_ .4.

8、Some people are n_ in the dark.5. We will do it o_ .6. I drink coffee w_ sugar.7. She was w_after ill ness.8. You should always b_through your no se.9. Can I borrow your c_ ?10. Just put those clothes in the washing m_.川.選用括號內的單詞填空。different, space,around, learn, spaceshipsThe uni verse mea ns the E

9、arth, the Sun, the Moon, the stars and the 1 betwee n them. The moonis_ 2_ 380,000 kilometres from the earth. Man has sent some_ 3_ up intospace. They go around the earth. They help us to_ 4_more about the earth, the weather andother thin gs. It makes people from_5_coun tries un dersta nd each other

10、 better.IV.聽力鏈接。（2015 威海中考）參考答案I.英漢互譯。1. diary2. spaceship6.能夠7.明信片II.根據(jù)句意和所給首字母填入的適當單詞完成句子。1. diary2. space3. garde n4. n ervous5. ourselves6. with/without7. weak8. breathe9. camera10. mach ine5. A. It s interesting.6. A. He likes readin g.7. A. It doesn t matter.8. A. Not at all, go ahead.9. A. Ye

11、s, he is.B. It s a good idea.B. He s tall.B. Sorry, I won t.B. Yes, you can do it.B. No. he hasn t.10. A. Un iforms.B. Jea ns.C. It tastes nice.C. He s strict.C. You re right.C. No, it s mine.C. He s an engineer.C. Earrin gs.3.rock4. breathe8.以便 9.虛弱的5. more tha n10.把系上，捆上III.選用括號內的單詞填空。1. space2.ar

12、ound3. spaceships4.lear n5. Differe ntIV 參考答案及聽力材料。5.A 6. B 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.A5. What do you think of the movie?6. What does your father look like?7. Don t be late for class next time, Sam.8. Would you mind my sitting here?9. Is your brother a doctor or an engineer?10. What are you supposed to wear on

13、 school days? 句式精講1. How far can you see on a clear night?1) How far 意為多遠”。 常用于引導提問距離的特殊疑問句， 也可用于句式 How far is it fromto？，意為從 到 的距離是多少？” ，其中介詞 from 和 to 后要跟地 點名詞。例如： How far is it from the bookstore to our school?從書店到我們學校有多遠？How far is your home?你家有多遠？2) 在回答 How far is it fromto？句式時，要使用形式主語 it 引導的句式

14、It ismetres from to ”例如： How far is it from your home to school? 從你家到學校有多遠。It is nearly 500 metres from my home to school. 從我家到學校大概有 500 米。2. The Moon is around 380,000 kilometres for the Earth, so itlltake us about four days toget there.本句結構為：It takes sb. some time to do sth.的將來時用法，意為某人花費.時間做某事”。在此

15、句型中，根據(jù)時態(tài)的變化動詞 take 會進行相應的變化，將來時結構為 It will takesb. some time to do sth. ，一般過去時結構為 It took sb. some time to do sth. 。 例如： It takes me a hourto finish my homework every evening.每天晚上我都花一個小時的時間寫作業(yè)。It took them half a day to find the way to the supermarket. 他們花了半天時間才找到超市的路。3. There s no gravity in space,

16、 so we llbe able to float in the spaceship .本句結構為 be able to,意為能夠”。后接動詞原形，在多數(shù)情況下跟情態(tài)動詞can 可以互換使用。例如： Can you come on Sunday?=Are you able to come on Sunday?你周日能來嗎？拓展： be able to 與 can 的用法區(qū)別：1)be able to 強調通過努力而獲得的能力,而 can 則強調自身已具有的能力。例如： She can sing the song in English.她能用英語唱這首歌。He will be able to s

17、ing this song in English in a few minutes, too. 幾小時之后,他也能用英語唱這首歌。2)be able to 強調一種結果,而 can 只強調一種可能。例如： Luckily, he was able to escape from the big fire in the end.幸運的是，他終于逃出了大火。If he got here a few hours earlier, I could save him.要是他早幾小時來，我還能救他。3） be able to 可以有各種時態(tài)；而can 只有一般現(xiàn)在和一般過去兩種時態(tài)。例如：I could h

18、elp you last night, but you didn come.昨天晚上我能幫你，而你又沒來。Can you see it there? 你能看見它在那兒嗎？He is / was / will be able to help you.他能幫你的忙。4）can 可用于表示可能性，推測，允許等情況，而be able to 通常不這樣用。例如： Somebody is knocking at the door. Who can it be?有人在敲門，會是誰呢？4. We ll have to tie ourselves to our beds so that we won t flo

19、at away in our sleep.句式 have to 意為必須；不得不”，其后要接動詞原形。通常指由于客觀原因而不得不做某事。例如：Its dark no w. I have to go home.天黑了，我不得不回家。拓展：have to 與一般情態(tài)動詞的用法非常相似，都不能單獨作謂語而必須接動詞原形一起構成謂語。他們之間的不同點在于：1 ）一般的情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，時態(tài)變化最多僅有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。而 have to 有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可用于多種時態(tài)中。例如： She has to go to school by bus.她不得不乘公汽上學。2）否定句和疑問句的構成

20、方式不同：一般的情態(tài)動詞直接在后面加n ot 構成否定句，把這些情態(tài)動詞提到句首就構成一般疑問句。例如：I can play basketball.我不會打籃球。3） have to 的否定句和疑問句的構成要借助于助動詞do 的適當形式或助動詞。例如： What does she have to do?她必須做什么？You did nt have to wait for me yesterday.昨天你沒有必要等我。句式精練I.按要求轉換句型。1. He went to Shanghai.（改為一般將來時）2. He is going to travel into space.（改為同義句）3

21、. Scientists will find life on other planets.（改為否定句）4. It will take us about 4 hours to get there.（就劃線部分提問）5. I am able to drive.（改為同義句）n.補全對話。A. how far is it from the Earth to the MoonB. What it aboutC. That snot a very short dista neeD. What do you thinkE. That must be very in teresti ngA: Hi, To

22、m. There will be an exeit ing movie next Friday evening._ 1_ ?B: Really?_2_ ?A: It s about something on the Moon.B:_ 3_ !A: Yes, you know it very close between the Earth and the Moon, maybe we can find somethi ng interesti ng on the Moon.B: Sure, by the way,_4_?A: It s about 380,000 kilometres.B:_ 5

23、_ !A: Hah, that s right. But in space, 380,000 kilometres is not a long way away.III.根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子，每空一詞。1. 從天津到北京有多遠？_Tianjin to Beiji ng?2. 他出生于 1983 年 7 月 12 日。He_ July 12th, 1983.3. 我不止有 30 本書。I have_ books.4. 我不能出去玩，我有很多的作業(yè)要做。I can t go to play, I have_ .5. 去上學的時候別把書忘在家里了。When you go to school, don

24、 t_ at home.6. 我想帶些蘋果到學校去。I want to_school.7. 我小時候就跑得很快。I_ run very fast whe n I was a child.8. 我們不用買新鉛筆了。We_a new pen cil.9. 他正在把狗拴在樹上。He_a dog to a tree.10. 沒人能不努力工作就成功。No one can be successful_ .IV .用所給詞或短語的適當形式填空。 （2015 呼和浩特中考） excite; once or twice; satisfy; come out; all thetime; warn; run; sh

25、ow somebody around; at least; pia no1. You can ride your bike to school, but remember to be careful_ .2. This magazine isn t popular with the students though it_every week.3. It s difficult_ both the old and the young about the program at the same time.4. The kids clapped and shouted_ whe n the actor appeared.5. Though he is very busy, he goes to the movies to relax_ .6. The childre n