形容詞副詞和比較等級(jí)

1、第二講 形容詞、副詞和比較等級(jí)思維導(dǎo)圖JU龜佛I城高繾的昨晰?iII考點(diǎn)精講III .形容詞和副詞的基本用法1.評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)有些副詞，如 fortun ately, luckily , surprisin gly, hon estly, actually, person ally等作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)，往往修飾整個(gè)句子，它們常位于句首，且有逗號(hào)與后面的句子分開(kāi)。2.連接副詞(1)表遞進(jìn)besides further, then, moreover, still 等。(2) 表結(jié)果(3) 表轉(zhuǎn)折therefore, consequently, accordingly, thus 等。 though, in

2、 stead, otherwise, however, yet 等。(4)表等同表對(duì)比similarly , equally 等。 rather, oppositely 等。(6) 表概括(7) 表列舉altogether, gen erally 等。 first(ly) , sec on d(ly), fin ally 等。(8)表同位n amely 等。(9) 表時(shí)間：(10) 表特指:mean while, sometimes, occasi on ally 等。 mainly, mostly, particularly, especially等。any way, an yhow 等。(

3、11)表讓步：I don ' t like besides, it ' s too expensive.我不喜歡它，而且它太貴了。Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of funsn, thoUgh ? rather risky在結(jié)冰的運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)地上玩耍聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣，然而，這難道不是太冒險(xiǎn)嗎？3.易混淆的詞beside在旁邊besides此外，而且late遲的，晚的later多久以后latest最近的，最新的ago以前（以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)）before以前（以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn)）somewhere 某處everywhere 至U處

4、high在咼處；咼highly高度地；很；非常wide充分地widely廣泛地；普遍地deep深深地dee ply深刻地；深沉地free免費(fèi)地freely自由地；暢通地close接近；緊挨著closely仔細(xì)地；緊密地hard努力地hardly幾乎不near在附近nearly幾乎，差不多n .比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)、形容詞與副詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)分為：原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。原級(jí)即形容詞和副詞的原形。比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的詞形變化分規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1.規(guī)則變化詞形分類及變化構(gòu)成原級(jí)比較級(jí)最咼級(jí)單音節(jié) 詞和少 數(shù)雙音 節(jié)詞一般加er或esttalllongtallerIon gert

5、allestIon gest以e結(jié)尾的，只加一r或stn icefinenicer fin ernicest fin est以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末 尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的， 先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母再加er 或 estbig hot fatbigger hotter fatterbiggest hottest fattest以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾 的，先變y為i再加一er 或 esthappyeasyhapp ier easierhappi est easiest其他雙 音節(jié)詞 和多音 節(jié)詞在前面力卩more或 mostdifficult beautifulmore difficult more bea

6、utifulmost difficult most beautiful名師指津表示“最高程度”的形容詞，如excellent, extreme, perfect等，沒(méi)有最高級(jí)，也不能用比較級(jí)。2.不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最咼級(jí)good/wellbetterbestbad (badly)/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest二、形容詞與副詞比較等級(jí)的用法1.平級(jí)比較用 as.as., not.as/so.as引導(dǎo)Henry

7、is a worker as good as P eter (is).亨利和彼得一樣都是好工人。Henry does not have as/so many booksas I have.亨利的書(shū)不如我的多。(2)as+形容詞+ as+數(shù)量詞=數(shù)量詞+形容詞The build ing is as tall as 100 meters.=The buildi ng is 100 meters tall.這幢樓有100米高。2.表示比較的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(1)表示一方程度隨另一方程度平行變化時(shí)，用“ the +比較級(jí)，the +比較級(jí)”， 意為“越就越”。The busier he is，the happ

8、ier he feels.他越忙就越感到高興。(2)不與其他事物相比較，表示本身程度的改變時(shí)，用“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“越來(lái)越”O(jiān)ur school is becomingmore and more beautiful .我們學(xué)校變得越來(lái)越漂亮了。表示“和一樣不 ”時(shí)，用“ no+比較級(jí)+ than”結(jié)構(gòu)。You areno taller than I.你和我一樣矮。3比較級(jí)形式表示最高級(jí)意義的表達(dá)方式否定式謂語(yǔ)比較級(jí)：比較級(jí)+ than any othe葉單數(shù)名詞比較級(jí)+ than all the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞比較級(jí)+ than anyone/anything else

9、比較級(jí)+ than any of the othe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞比較級(jí)+ than the rest o+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞I have never spent amore worrying day.這是我度過(guò)的最令人焦慮的一天。Every morning he arrivesearlier than any other student in the class.=Every morni ng he arrivesearlier tha n all the other stude nts in the class.=Every morning he arrivesearlier tha n an

10、yone else in the class.=Every morni ng he arrivesearlier tha n any of the other stude nts in the class.=Every morning he arrivesearlier than the rest of students in the class.每天早上他都是班里來(lái)得最早的學(xué)生。4最高級(jí)的句型(1)形容詞最高級(jí) (+名詞 ) +表示范圍的狀語(yǔ)She is the most active student in our class.她是我們班最活躍的學(xué)生。o ne of+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)S

11、hanghai isone of the biggest cities in our country.=Shan ghai isamong the biggest cities in our country.上海是我國(guó)最大的城市之一。(3)序數(shù)詞+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞Africa is the second largest continent in the world.非洲是世界上第二大洲。5比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)(1)修飾比較級(jí)的常用詞和短語(yǔ)有rather，much，still ，even，a lot，a little，a great deal，(by) far，a bit 等。The stu

12、dents studyeven harder than before.學(xué)生們比以前學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。(2)常用的最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)有 by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really 以及序數(shù)詞等。I 'd like to buy thseecond most expensive camera.我想買便宜一點(diǎn)的照相機(jī)。名師指津by far通常用來(lái)修飾最高級(jí)，但也可修飾比較級(jí)，修飾比較級(jí)時(shí),般放在比較級(jí)后面，若在前面，應(yīng)在兩者之間加the。The book is betterby far than that one.這本書(shū)要比那本書(shū)好得多。He is by

13、far the taller of the two brothers.他是兩兄弟中較高的那一個(gè)。6倍數(shù)表達(dá)法倍數(shù)+ as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+ as倍數(shù)+形容詞 /副詞的比較級(jí)+ than倍數(shù)+ the +名詞+ of倍數(shù)+ what 從句Our classroom isthree times as large as theirs.=Our classroom isthree times larger than theirs.=Our classroom isthree times the size of theirs.我們的教室是他們教室的三倍大。The length of the road

14、isfour times what it was three years ago .這條路的長(zhǎng)度是三年前的四倍。III解題指導(dǎo)II看到四種情況，想到比較等級(jí)、看到與than連用，要想到用比較級(jí)例 1 Finally， that hard work paid off and now the water in the riveris（clean） than ever新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 I）分析cleaner 根據(jù)后面的than可知此處要用比較級(jí)，因此要用cleane。 例 2 After a few mon ths ，we all felt that we had bee n able to build

15、 much strong relatio nships with the family tha n we had before.分析strongf stronger 根據(jù)句中的比較級(jí)標(biāo)志詞than可知，本句應(yīng)用比較級(jí)， 表示幾個(gè)月后的情況與之前的情況進(jìn)行比較，much用于修飾比較級(jí)。故將strong改為 stronger。、看到and，but，or等連詞前或后用的比較等級(jí)形式，要想到用比較等級(jí)例 3 They were also the best and worse years in my life.（201（全國(guó)卷 E）分析worse worst 由并列連詞and前面的the besf可知，

16、此處應(yīng)用形容詞的最咼級(jí)形式。三、看到語(yǔ)境中暗含的比較含義，要想到用比較級(jí)（二者之間）或最高級(jí)（三者及以 上）例 4 After our plane Ianded，we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation sixmon ths（early）， but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.（廣東高考）earlier。分析earlier 由had made可知該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在到達(dá)旅館之前，故應(yīng)該是早在六 個(gè)月之前我們就已經(jīng)預(yù)訂了，故用比較級(jí)四、看到下列固定搭配，要想到比較等

17、級(jí)1. the +比較級(jí).，the +比較級(jí).例 5 The.高考）（hard） you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.（遼寧分析harder 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此句為“the+比較級(jí).，the+比較級(jí).”句式，表示“越，就越”。故填harder。2. the +最高級(jí)+標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)或從句例 6 My mum makes the better biscuits in the world , so I decided to ask her for help.（陜西高考）分析betterf best 此處前面有the,后面有表示范圍

18、的“n the world ”，所以應(yīng)該用形容詞的最高級(jí)。故better改為best。II強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練I真盪演練I 單句語(yǔ)法填空1. According to a review of evidenee in a medical journal， runners live three years（long） than non- runners.（2018 全國(guó)卷 I）答案Ion ger 根據(jù)空后的than和句意可知，此處應(yīng)該使用比較級(jí)形式，故填I(lǐng)on ger。2 . Corn uses less waterrice and creates less fertilizer （化月肥）runoff.（2

19、018 全國(guó)卷 II）答案than 由句意和less可知，此處應(yīng)該使用比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu),less 是 little 的比較級(jí)，than引出比較對(duì)象。（loud） of all.（2018全國(guó)卷 m）-答案loudest 聯(lián)系上文內(nèi)容以及下文的of all可知此處應(yīng)用最高級(jí)。3. He screams the4. There could be an even（high） cost on your health.（201 浙江高考）答案 higher 根據(jù)even可判斷，此處要用形容詞的比較級(jí)，表示付出比錢更高的代價(jià)。5. As a result, people will eat more food t

20、o try to make up for that somethingmiss in g.Eve n（bad）, the amount of fast food that people eat goesup.（2017 全國(guó)卷 I ）答案 worse 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示程度的加深，所以用比較級(jí)形式，even6. Sixteen yearsworse表示“更糟糕的是”。（early） Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook ameal.（2017浙江高考）答案 earlier 固定表達(dá)sixteen years earlie表示“早在16年

21、前”。此時(shí)的earlier相當(dāng)于before, 一般直接跟在時(shí)間名詞的后面。7. If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work , you should take a step back and identify （識(shí)別）those of（great） and less importance.（201全國(guó)卷 n）答案 greater 根據(jù)后面的and less'可知，此處也要用比較級(jí)形式。 n .單句改錯(cuò)1. I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.（201

22、8全國(guó)卷 m） 答案largerlarge 考查形容詞。根據(jù)句意，作者害怕在一大群人面前講話,這里沒(méi)有比較的含義，故將larger改為large。2. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.（201全國(guó)卷 n） 答案 earlier early get up early意為“早起”，句中沒(méi)有比較的意思，故不用比較級(jí)。3. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car.（201全國(guó)卷 I）答案late later “一段時(shí)間+ late”表示

23、“遲到多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”;“一段時(shí)間+later”表示“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間之后”。此處表示“幾分鐘后，教練讓我把車停下來(lái)”。 4. Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet.（2017全國(guó)卷 n）答案 Beside Besides 句意：此外，他們還經(jīng)常從網(wǎng)上獲取一些有用的信息。beside “在旁邊”，是介詞；besides “此外”，是副詞。5. I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting

24、 the late music albums.（2017全國(guó)卷 m）-答案latelatest 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，the latest music albums”表示“最新的音樂(lè)6. The dishes that I cooked were Mom專輯”，故應(yīng)用latesto s fovouea川高考）答案favoritest favoritefavorite沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。模擬沖關(guān)I 單句語(yǔ)法填空1. PI eased on' misun dersta nd me.But don' y ou thi nk we should take thi ngs a bit easie

25、r （easy） darling ? （2019 舒蘭模擬）2. The book ' s survival offered the chanee to learore （much） about Chinese culture and music after 210 years of silence.（2019洛陽(yáng)模擬）-3. The more （much） we do for those in need the happier we' （2019 鄭州一模）4. Road safety has aroused wider （wide） attention of the pub

26、lic than before.（2019長(zhǎng) 沙模擬）5. Half an hour later, I man aged to find the correct an swer.（2019昆 明模擬）-6. Sec on dly, if you don ' t want to waste ,tirdivide the group task among all group members to make the job easier （easy） （2019 南陽(yáng)模擬）7. English is widelv（wide） used in governments, markets, ser

27、vice centers and other fields.（2019 銀川模擬）8. The other two had run away , but they followed the big man closelv（close） and caught him.（2019 臨夏模擬）9. The Silk Road opened up in the Han Dynasty leading to the Middle and WesternAsia and even_Rome.（2019鄭州模擬）10. During the end of the 19th cen tury and the

28、beg inning of 20th cen tury , Beiji ngOpera fin ally formed and became the biggest（big） of all op eras in Chin a.（2019 天一大聯(lián)考）n .單句改錯(cuò)1. First, it ' s an activity concerned with all parts of my bodywhich is quite a good way for me to keep fit.Beside, it ' s an activity I can enjoy wbver the we

29、ather is like except when it rains heavily.（2019銀川模擬）Beside Besides2. Water is very important to us, without which there would be no life.Therefore , some people don' tturn the tap off at once after using it.（2019 哈爾濱模 擬Therefore However3. I lived in my hometown ten years before.（2019 青島模擬before

30、 ago4. Twenty minutes late , his mother turned up , and thanked us again andagain.(2019 深圳模擬 Hatelater 5. To some exte nt, exam in ati on results are sometime unexp ected by your study level.(2019 菏澤模擬)sometime sometimes6. I had never seen a lake beautiful than this before.(2019武威模擬)beautiful 前加more

31、7. I even have a large vocabulary than before.(2019 太原模擬large larger8. And if you decide to take Dr.Klein,'cajaEOicmake yourself even happy byrecommending the technique to others.(20l9衡水模擬)happyhappier9. On that day, thousands of alumni returned back for the big occasion.(2018化州模 擬)去掉back10. But

32、 I am determined to overcome all the difficulties and learn all subjectsgood.(2019 淄博模擬)goodwellm.語(yǔ)法填空(2019 鄭州模擬)we re surrounded bydifferent colors.But you may not know colorhas a 1.(big) impact on your life than you might realize.For example，thecolors of your walls have a direct effect on your moo

33、d.Therefore，it should come asno surp rise that major airli nes kee p this in mind as well.For not so frequent fliers , 2.(fly) in the air may not be what theywant.They may fear something bad would happen.They may suffer 3.(an xious). Accord ing to Boe ing, blue is uni versally regarded 4.a p eaceful

34、color and that may help remove your fears about flying.“The color of the sky, bright and sunny, 5.(help) lower heart rate,decrease blood pressure and release dopamine in 6.brain ” says KelleyHopkins Alvarez, a licensed professional counselor coach.A study 7.(publish) in the Journal of ManagementDeci

35、sion supports colorsand p sychology are 8.(direct) lin ked. “Ma nagers can use colors to in creaseor decreaseappetite, improve mood and calm down customers ” note the studyfindings.But guess what? Using the color blue isn 'he only sneaky way that is being tried9.(influenee) your behavior by airl

36、ines.Therea'similar reason10.you 'll find earpeting at your airline g，atteoo.語(yǔ)篇解讀】 飛機(jī)內(nèi)部為什么要布置成藍(lán)色的呢？原來(lái)是為了安撫乘客的情緒。1. bigger 考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)than you might realize可知需填big的比較級(jí)形式。 2. flying 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這里缺少主語(yǔ)，故填 v.ing 形式作句子的主語(yǔ)。 3. anxiety 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù) suffer 可知后面需填一個(gè)名詞，故填 anxious 的名詞形式。 4. as 考查介詞。regard.as意

37、為“認(rèn)為是”，后面可以接名詞。5. helps 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句子的主語(yǔ)是 The color of the sky，謂語(yǔ)需用三單形 式， 6. the 考查冠詞。此處用the brain泛指我們的大腦。7. published 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 a study 是 publish 整個(gè)動(dòng)作的承受者，故用過(guò) 去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。 8directly 考查副詞。此處用副詞形式修飾 linked。 9. to influenee 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這里是表目的，故需填帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。10. why 考查關(guān)系副詞。根據(jù)a similar reason可知需填why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。IV .短文改錯(cuò)There are not enough seats in our school's reading room.One morning just beforeour finall