小學(xué)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納

1、小學(xué)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納1、話題(1) 字母：(大小)識(shí)別、書寫順序：Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh li Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz.元音字母：A a , Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu半元音字母：Yy書寫容易錯(cuò)誤的字母：E , F , G, M, N, d, i, p, q, x, y.(2) 數(shù)字：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的運(yùn)用,如計(jì)算、購物等 基數(shù)詞:One, two, three, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten , eleven, twelve, thirte en, fo

2、urteen, fifteen - twenty, twenty-one - thirty, forty, fifty - eighty, ninety, one/a h undred , one/a hundred and one - two hundred.序數(shù)詞:first , second , third , fourth , fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth - twentieth, twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third, twenty-four

3、thi rtieth, fortieth, fiftieth - eightieth, ninetieth -相關(guān)句型：1) What's thirty and forty? That comes to seventy.2) What's your telephone number? My telephone number is 83555723.3) What time is it ? It's half past ten.4) When do you usually get up ? At six thirty-five.5) Where do you live?

4、I live at No.48 Renmin Road.6) How old are you? I'm twelve.7) How much does it cost? It costs 50 yuan.8) How many cars haveyou got?I have got 6 cars.9) How many birdscanyou seein the tree? I can see 3.10) How many dollsarethere onthe bed? There is one/adoll.11) How many dollsarethere onthe bed?

5、There are fourdolls.12) Which floor do you live on? I live on the fifth floor.13) Excuse me, can you tell me the way to Baiyun hotel?Yes, go down this street, then turn left at the third crossing -.14) Who's the fifth girl from the right? She's my cousin.注意： 數(shù)詞的應(yīng)用；不可數(shù)名詞及它的量的表示方法 ；many與much在用

6、法上的區(qū)別； there is/are與have/has在用法上的區(qū)別.(3) 顏色：實(shí)物的顏色colours: red, pink, yellow, brown, blue, purple, orange, black, white, grey, dark blue, light blue.相關(guān)句型：1) What colour is your coat? It's .2) What's your favourite colour? My favourite colour is -(4) 時(shí)間：年、季節(jié)、月、星期、日、時(shí)刻year, season( spring, summe

7、r, autumn, winter),month: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, O ctober, November, December.Week: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday.Day: 1st May (the first of May), May 2nd ( May the second)Time:(an)hour, minute,second10:05(fiveminutespast

8、ten, tenofive)10:10(tenminutespastten, tenten)10:15(quarter pastten,ten fifteen)10:30 (half past ten, ten thirty)10:45 (quarter to eleven, ten forty-five)11:00 (eleven o'clock)相關(guān)句型：1) How old is your mother? She's thirty-six years old.2) Howmany monthsarethere ina year? Thereare12.3) When

9、9;s your birthday?My birthday ison 15thJanuary(thefifteenth of January).4) Whendo you getup?I get upat sixo 'clock.5) Whendoes springlast? It lastsfor 3months fromMarchtoMay.6) What time is it? It's quarter to nine.(5) 食品與飲料：人對(duì)食品與飲料的喜好；東西方食品food : meat, rice, fish, bread, egg, cake,drinks :

10、water, milk ,orange/apple/water melon/banana/strawberry juice ,coke, co ffee, black/green tea 相關(guān)句型：1) Would you like something to drink/eat? Yes, I'd like some No, thanks .2) Would you like to eat/drink? I'd like to eat/drink No, thanks .3) What's your favourite food/drink? My favourite

11、food/drink is 4) Could I have some ? Yes, please .所屬關(guān)系clothes: hat, cap, coat, shirt , T-shirt, skirt, dress, sweater, jacket, trousers, soc k, shoeput on, wear所屬關(guān)系：形容詞性的物主代詞:my, your, his, her, its, our, their名詞性的物主代詞:mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs相關(guān)句型：1) What does it look like? It likes

12、 wearing a blue shirt.2) Whose shoes are these? They 're mine.They 're Tom's .3) Is this /that/it your book? Yes, it is.No, it isn 't.4) Is this pencil yours? Yes, it is. No, it isn't.5) Are these /those/they your coats and trousers?Yes, they are. No, they aren 't.6) Are thos

13、e clothes theirs? Yes, they are.No, they aren't.7) This is my hat. That hat is his.注意：名詞單,復(fù)數(shù);物主代詞(名詞性的物主代詞,形容詞性的物主代詞);名詞所有格, 如：Tom's , my father's , the teachers '.(7) 玩具和文具：特點(diǎn)、顏色、所屬關(guān)系；存在的位置Toys: doll, toy 文具：desk, book, bag ,pen, pencil, pencil-box, ruler, chair, ball存在的位置 :in, on,

14、under, beside, behind, in front of, in the front of , in the middle of, at the back of(a place/a person).相關(guān)句型:1) There is a cup of tea on the table.2) There are some oranges in the fridge.3) Is there any milk in the glass? Yes, there is.No, there isn't.4) Are there any oranges in the fridges?Yes

15、, there are. No, there aren't.5) What's under the desk?There is an orange. / There are some oranges.(8) 日常生活用品：特點(diǎn)、顏色、所屬關(guān)系；存在的位置words: shelf, table, clock, brush, telephone, light, computer, bike, fridge, glass, knife, keyboard, bottle, box, plate, photo, photograph, fax, radio, super-market,

16、book store,noodles/cake/clothes/shoe/TV shop.特點(diǎn):big, small, heavy, light, white, black, empty, full, old, new, beautiful, cute, tall, short, strong, plump, nice, good, bad -(9) 動(dòng)物：家畜、家禽；農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物、動(dòng)物園及野生動(dòng)物的特點(diǎn)；生活地點(diǎn)和所屬關(guān)系words(animals): cat, dog, duck, goose (geese) fish, sheep, bird, panda, monke y, rabbit,

17、 hen , cock, chicken, tiger, lion, pig, cow , mouse (mice),giraffe,dolphin,生活地點(diǎn)： at home, in a farm, in a zoo -所屬關(guān)系：同上話題(7)(10) 植物：特點(diǎn)、所屬關(guān)系；存在的位置words: tree, rose, flower, leaf(leaves) -(11) 環(huán)境與建筑：特點(diǎn)、所屬關(guān)系；存在的位置buildings: factory, hospital, park, house, library, museum, office, farm, post offic e, ban

18、k, police station, train station, sports stadium, department store, store, school, classroom, house: bathroom, living-room, sitting-room, bedroom, washroom,kitchen, garden -房子的根本構(gòu)造:door, gate, wall, window, floor -相關(guān)句型：1) Where do you study at ? I study at Longdong Primary School.2) Where does your

19、mother work at ? She works at a hospital.3) Let's meet at the gate of the park.4) My brother is playing in the garden.(12) 身體：特點(diǎn)body: head, hair, eye, nose, ear, mouth, neck, shoulder, hand, finger, foot (fee t) ,toe 夕卜貌：fat, thin, plump , tall, short, old, young, round face, two big blue eyes,

20、lo ng hair, short hair, black hair ,white hair相關(guān)句型:1) I'm /You' re /He's/She 's /We' re /They ' re (not) tall.2) Is he/she tall or short? He's /She's tall (short).3) I/We/They/You have (got) black hair.4) He/She has ( got ) a round face.5) Has he/she got long hair ? Y

21、es, he/she has.No, he/she hasn 't.注意：描述人的外貌時(shí), have與has用法上的區(qū)別；形容詞的用法,如:tall, short, old, young, black , long -(13) 個(gè)人情況：姓名、年齡、地址、特點(diǎn)與愛好age, year, address, e-mail address, hobby,hobby: collecting stamps(coins) , going swimming - doing sth相關(guān)句型：1) How old are you ? I'm thirteen years old.2) I'

22、;m a thirteen-year old boy.3) What's your address? I live at No.48 Renmin road.4) What's your e-mail address? My e-mail address is 123VIP126 .5) What's your hobby? My hobby is going running.Or : I like going running.6) I /You/ They like music.7) He likes sightseeing.8) Do you like readin

23、g? Yes, I do. No, I don't.9) Does he /she like playing basketball?Yes, he/she does. No, he/she doesn 't.注意：描述個(gè)人的喜好時(shí)：名詞和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語；主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞的變化.動(dòng)詞 ing 的變化規(guī)律： 1)直接加 ing ,如： open-opening, clean-cleaning, meet-me eting, sing-singing, study-studying, -2) 去掉詞尾不發(fā)音的e ,如：take-taking, close-

24、closing, come-coming, drive-driving, have-having, use-using, write-writing, practice-practicing, -3) 重讀閉音節(jié)的,雙寫最后的字母,加 ing ,如：sit-sitting, put-putting, begin-beg inning , get-getting, swim-swimming, run-running, cut-cutting, become-becoming, -主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)律(與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)律相同)：1)直接加 s, 如：cook-cooks,

25、come-comes, close-closes, -2) 以 o, x, s, sh, ch 結(jié)尾 +es ,如:teach-teaches, go-goes, do-does, catch-catches, wash-washes, brush-brushes, miss-misses, -3) 輔音字母力日 y 結(jié)尾,把 y 改為 i , +es , 如：fly-flies, worry-worries, carry-carries,4) 以f或fe結(jié)尾,把f或fe,改為v+es.5) 特殊：have-has, -(14) 家庭、親屬和朋友：姓名、年齡、地址、特點(diǎn)與愛好：與你的關(guān)系wor

26、ds: family, grandfather(grandpa/granddad), grandmother(grandma/grand mu m), father, mother, brother, sister, uncle, aunt, cousin, friend相關(guān)句型：1) Is he/she Tom's cousin? Yes, he/she is.No, he/she isn 't.2Who's he/she? He 's/She's my friend.3How many people are there in your family?

27、 Who are they?There are four, my father, my mother, my brother and me.注意：1名詞單復(fù)數(shù),如：family-families;名詞單數(shù)-復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)律：1直接加s, 如：boy-boys, term-terms,2以 o, x, s, sh, ch 結(jié)尾 +es ,如:box-boxes, class-classes, glass-glasses, coac h-coaches, dress-dresses, fax-faxes, inch-inches, match-matches,3輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾,把 y 改為 i ,

28、+es , 如：baby-babies, lady-ladies, factory-fa ctories, peach-peaches, library-libraries, watch-watches ,4以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾,才巴 f 或 fe , 改為 v+es: leaf-leaves, knife-knives, wife-wives, shel f-shelves, -5特殊:man-men, policeman-policemen, woman-women, child-children, goose-g eese, tooth-teeth, foot-feet,6不變:hai

29、r, milk, tea, coffee, water, bread, rice, paper, juice, meat, people, fis h, sheep, -2名詞所有格,說明是 誰的"如： my cousin 's , his parents '它的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么：?jiǎn)螖?shù)名詞后+ "'s'； Mike's mother.復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾有,其后只 +二Teachers ' Da教師節(jié).假設(shè)是兩人共有時(shí),只在后者+ “s ,Jim and Tom's mother.吉姆和湯姆的母親.不是兩者所共有的,兩者都 + &q

30、uot;'s ,Jim's and Tom's mother.吉姆母親和湯姆的母親.名詞假設(shè)是無生命,所有格構(gòu)成用of,a map of China. 一幅中國(guó)地圖15學(xué)校：學(xué)校建筑和學(xué)校生活words: school building, classroom, dormitory, playground, library subjects: Chinese, maths , English, music, computer, PE, art, biology, politics , history, meeting, geography -相關(guān)句型：1) What

31、9;s your favourite subject? English.2) Where 's the library? It's behind the dormitory.3) When do you go to school? At 7:20.4) When does Chinese begin on Monday? At Eight o 'clock.5) Does geography begin at twenty to ten on Monday?Yes, it does. No, it doesn 't.6) We 're having an

32、 English class.(16) 社交禮儀：禮貌用語；詢問與應(yīng)答1. Greetings:Hello! Hi! Good morning/afternoon/evening.How are you ? Fine, thanks. And you?Please say hello to your parents for me.2. Introduction: My name is - I'm a pupil. I'm new here.This is Mr/Mrs/Miss White.Hello, nice to meet you .3. Farewells: Goodb

33、ye/Bye-bye/Bye.See you then/tomorrow.Good night.It's late. I must go home now.Thanking for coming.4. Thanks: Thank you (very much).You're welcome.Not at all.5. apologies: Sorry. I'm sorry. That's all right. Excuse me.6. Incitation: Will you go shopping with me?Would you like to go ?I

34、'd love to . Thank you.7. Asking for permission: May I have an appleCould /Can I use your bike?Sure. Certainly. Yes, of course. Yes, do please.8. Expressing wishes: Happy birthday! Thank you.9. Offering help: Can I help you? What can I do for you?10. Making appointments: Are you free tomorrow? W

35、hat about tomorrow aftern oon?Let's meet at the gate at 7:50.Shall we visit the museum?11. Hello! May I speak to Kate? Speaking/It 's Kate here.Who's this/that, please ?12. Taking meals: Would you like something to eat/drink?Would you like some fish/meat?13. Shopping : Can I help you ,si

36、r?What can I do for you, sir ?What about this one?Do you like this one?I want /I'd like some oranges.How much is the shirt /are the socks?It's to small. Two kilos, please .I'll take it.14. Asking the way: Excuse me. Where is the GuangzhouLibrary?Can you tell you me the way to the Garden

37、Hotel, please?Can I take this bus to Beijing Road?Is there a hotel near here?It's over there. Turn right/legt(17) 國(guó)家與城市：地理位置；特點(diǎn)Countries: China, Japan, America(the USA), English( the UK), Australia, Russia, Canada, Italy,India, France,Nationalities:Chinese, Japanese,American, Englishman,Australi

38、an, Russian, Canadian, Italian,Indian, French,相關(guān)句型：1)Where 's Japan? It'sto the east of China.2)Wheredoes your friend comefrom?She comes fromEnglish.3)Whereare they from? They 'refromRussia.4)Whatcountry do you from? I comefrom China.5)Whatcountry is he from? He's from France.6)Whatl

39、anguage does she speak? She speaks French.7)Whatlanguage do they speak? They speak Chinese.(18)天氣:氣候特征weather : hot, cold, cool, warm, sun, shine, sunny, rain,heavy rain, lightrain,rainy, wind, strong wind, windy, snow,heavy snow,light snow snowy, cloud,cloudy.temperature: 15 ( fifteendegreescentigr

40、ade), 0(zero degree centigrade),-5 (minus degrees centigrade) -相關(guān)句型：1) What's theweatherlike in spring?It's warm, rainy and wet.2)What will theweatherbe likethere? It will be sunny.3)Is itsnowing?Yes, itis a snowy day.4)Willthere becloudy?Yes, therewill.5)Thesun is shining.6)I like taking a

41、warm bath.(19)節(jié)日：節(jié)日的特點(diǎn)；節(jié)日的活動(dòng)festivals : New Year's Day, SpringFestival,Women 's Day, April foolish Day, May Day, Mother 's Day, Children 's Day, autumn Festival, Teachers ' Day , National Day,Father'sDay, Party's Day, Army's Day, MidThanks Giving Day, Christmas Day.Ne

42、w Year's Day: 1st January.Spring Festival: It's the Chinese New Year.It's the first day of the Chinese year. It's a very special festival for all Chinese people. It is usually at the end of January or the beginning of February /in late January or early February. The children can get

43、lucky money .Women 's Day: It's on 8th March.April Foolish Day: on 1st April, on this day, people can play jokes to their frien ds.May Day: 1st May, laborers ' day.Mother's Day: on the second Sunday of May.Children 's Day: on June 1st.Father's Day: on the third Sunday in June

44、.Party 's birthday: in China, it's on 1st July.Army's Day: in China, it's on 1st August.Mid-autumn Festival: on 15th August of Chinese lunar calendar. In China , peo ple eat special cakes calls moon cakes and watch the full moon.Teachers ' Day: on 10th September.National Day: in

45、China, it's at the beginning of October.Thanks Giving Day: the last Thursday in November, it's American festival.Christmas Day: December 25th.(20)方位：人或物的位置；問路與應(yīng)答place : in, on ,at, under, near, next to, beside, behind, in front of , in the front of , in the middle (of ), back, on the right/l

46、eft, the second/ -person from the right/l eftA: Excuse me. Where 's the department store?Can you tell me the way to the Garden Hotel, Please?Can I take this bus to Beijing Road?Is there a hotel near here?B: It's over there.Turn right /left at the first crossing. The hotel is on the right/lef

47、t.I'm sorry, I don't know.(21)正在發(fā)生的事情：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作和發(fā)生的事be doing something1) I'm/You 're/He 's /She's /We 're/They 're (not) working.2) Are you playing football? Yes, I am/we are.3) Is he/she taking exercise? Yes, he/she is. No, he/she isn't.4) Are they going shopping?

48、Yes, they are. No, they aren't.5) What are you doing? I'm/We 're cleaning the room.6) What's he/she doing? He 's/She's having supper.7) What are they doing? They 're reading.(22) 日常生活：日常生活、工作、學(xué)習(xí)的活動(dòng) daily routineget up brush one's teeth, wash one's face, make break

49、fast , have breakfast, g o to school/work, do morning exercises, have classes, play basketball, play football, run ,jump, go home, have lunch, have supper, do one's homework, watch TV, do some reading, take a bath, go to bed1) What time do you get up? I usually get up at 6 o' clock.2) Shen Z

50、hen often takes a bath at 9 o'clock in the morning.3) My mother is never late for work.(23) 方案與打算：方案和將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作和發(fā)生的事be going to do 1) I'm/You 're /He 's/She's /We 're/They 're (not) going to visit the museum.2) Are you going to swim? Yes, I am/we are. No, I'm not/we aren

51、't.3) Is he/she going to see Miss Wang? Yes, he/she is. No, he/she isn't.4) What are you going to do tomorrow? I'm /We 're going to visit the farm.5) I/You/He/She/They/We will go skiing.6) Are you going to be busy tomorrow? Yes, I am/we are.go swimming, go shopping, go climbing, go s

52、kiing, go walking, go running, go fishing, go skating, go sightseeing, -(24) 水平和可能：可能進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作和發(fā)生的事1) I/You/He/She/We/They can(can 't) come here tomorrow.2) Can he/she visit the factory today? Yes, he/she can. No, he/she can 't.3) Can they go by bus? Yes, they can. No, they can't.4) May I vi

53、sit the factory this afternoon? Yes, of course /Sure/Certainly.5) May I sit here? Yes, of course/pleasedo.注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的用法,can do (+動(dòng)詞原形).實(shí)用短語歸納1. put down 放下 shut down 把關(guān)上 cut down 砍掉come down卜來、落卜 slow down 減緩、放慢sit down坐下write down與卜get down卜來,降落2. after all畢竟.終允after that于是.然后day after day日復(fù)一日地one

54、after another 木目.挨次 soon after 不久以后the day after tomorrow 后天3. come up with 找至叭提出 catch up with 趕上wake up弄醒、醒來send up 發(fā)射 open up 開設(shè)、開辦 grow up 長(zhǎng)大pick up 拾起、撿起 hands up 舉手 eat up 吃光clean up 清掃干凈 give up doing sth.=stop doing sth.放棄做某事4. arrive at/in + n.至,達(dá) get to +n.至,達(dá) reach + n.至,達(dá) arrive / get +a

55、dv.至U達(dá)5. getback 退還,送回去.取回give back 歸還 come back 回來at the back of 在的后面 on the way (back)home 在回家路上6. at least 至少 at breakfast 早餐時(shí) at desk 在桌前 at once 馬上,馬上 at school 在 上學(xué) at the same time 同時(shí) at work 在工作be good at=do well in 善長(zhǎng) laugh at 嘲笑 not at all 一點(diǎn)也不 at first 起初at night 在晚上 at noon 中午 at the age

56、 of / when sb. was -years old 在歲時(shí) at last / in the end / finally 最后、終于 at the beginning of the twenty-first century 在 21 世紀(jì) 初at the end of 在 終點(diǎn)、結(jié)尾 at the moment /now 現(xiàn)在 at the foot of 在 腳下 at Christmas 在圣誕節(jié) at any moment 任何時(shí)候 at timessometimes 有時(shí),偶爾 at the doctor's在醫(yī)務(wù)室 be bad at不善長(zhǎng)7. for example

57、 例如 for ever 永遠(yuǎn) be good for 對(duì)有益 be bad for 對(duì)有害 for long=for a long time 長(zhǎng)期 for short 簡(jiǎn)稱 be short for 是的簡(jiǎn)稱TV is short for television "8. come true 實(shí)現(xiàn) come down 下來 come from=be from 來自,出生于come in/into 進(jìn)入,進(jìn)來 come on 趕緊 come over 過來 come along 走吧,過來,快點(diǎn) come and go 來來去去 come up 上來 come out 出來,花開,照片沖

58、洗出來9.even though=even if 即使、雖然、盡管10. be pleased with對(duì)感到滿意 be covered with 被覆蓋be expected to do sth. 被期望做杲事 be proud of 以自蒙speak highly of 稱贊 be afraid of 害怕 hear of 聽說hear from sb.收到某人的來信ofcause=certainly 當(dāng)然可以 plenty of= a lot of 許多11.by the way 順便說 by oneself 單獨(dú),單獨(dú)by the end of 到為至by the time 引起時(shí)間狀語