狀語從句用法詳解

1、狀語從句用法詳解內(nèi)容提要:一、時間狀語從句二、地點(diǎn)狀語從句三、方式狀語從句四、程度狀語從句五、原因狀語從句六、結(jié)果狀語從句七、目的狀語從句八、條件狀語從句九、讓步狀語從句十、比較狀語從句一、時間狀語從句:1、時間狀語從句通常用下列從屬連詞來引導(dǎo)：after, before, as,on ce, till, un til, (ever) sin ce, whe n, whe never, while, now(that), as long as, as soon as。如：Now (that)youve grown up, you must stop this childishbehaviour

2、.Whe neverwe met with difficulties, they came to help us.Come and see us whenever you have time.People do not know the value of healthtill they lose it.2、有些詞，女口immediately, directly, instantly等，當(dāng)用于assoon as意義時，也可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，如:I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.My sister came dir

3、ectly she got my message.The machi ne will startin sta ntlyyou press the butt on.Il telephone youdirectly I hear the news.Will you look for it immediately you get there?3.某些表示時間的名詞詞組，如the (very) mome nt ( = as soonas ), the minute ( = as soon as ), the instant ( = as soon as ), the day, the year,the

4、 morning, every time, each time, next time, the first time等，也可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，如：Il tell you about itthe moment you come.I started the in sta ntI heard the report.The in sta nt she saw him she knew he was her brother.Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.Im going to see himn ext time he comes t

5、o Shen zhe n.He left Europe the year World War II broke out.He had impressed me that way the first time I met him.I started the very moment I got your letter.Il tell him the minute (that) he gets here.4.有些關(guān)聯(lián)從屬連詞，如no soonerthan / hardlywhen / scarcelywhe n/ barelywhe n等，也能引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。 女口果把no sooner, har

6、dly, scarcely, barely置于句首，它所連帶的這部分就要倒裝，如：She had no sooner heard the n ewstha n she fain ted.= No sooner had she heard the n ewstha n she fain ted.They had hardly started to workwhe nthe trouble bega n.= Hardly had they started to workwhe nthe trouble bega n.He had scarcely en tered the roomwhe n th

7、e pho ne rang.= Scarcely had he en tered the room whe n the pho ne rang.二、地點(diǎn)狀語從句:1、地點(diǎn)狀語從句常用where, wherever來引導(dǎo)，如:We will stay where you stay. (where = in the place in which;where既連接主句與從句，又在從句中作副詞修飾謂語stay。)I found my books where I left them.Wherever he happe ns to be, Joh n can make himself at home.He

8、 will work wherever the people n eed him.Let mego wherever (= to any place to which) they like (to go).2、有時，-where構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞也可以引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，如:Everywhere they went, they were kindly received / warmly welcomed.Weilgoany where the Party directs us.三、方式狀語從句:1、方式狀語從句通常由as, as if, as though來引導(dǎo)，如:You must do the e

9、xercises as I show you.Please do exactly as your doctor says.It looks as if it might snow / is going to snow.He acted as if / thoughnothing had happened.He walked as if he was / were drunk.Mary was behaving as though she hadngrown up.2、在非正式文體或口語中，也可用the way (that) (= as = in theway in which), how, l

10、ike等來引導(dǎo)，如:Jean doesndo it the way I do.She is doing her work the way I like it done.You can do the job howyou like.The Ian dlord was watch ing him like (= just as) a cat watches a mouse.Do you make bread like you make cakes?like作連詞的用法補(bǔ)充說明:1). Conjunction (informal)(非正式):in the sameway that; as同-樣，如l

11、ikethey cha nge clothes.換國籍像換衣服一樣的人2). as though; as if好像，如同I felt like Id been kicked by a camel.我覺得好像被駱駝踢了似的。四、程度狀語從句：程度狀語從句可用to such an extent that/ to such a degree that,to thedegree/ extent that, in so far as( 在的范圍內(nèi)”等來引導(dǎo)，如：The temperature rose to such an extent that the firemen had to leave the

12、 burning build ing.The temperature lowered to such a degree that the water froze.試比較:The temperature rose so high that the firemen had to leave theburning buildi ng.The temperature lowered so much that the water froze.從以上例句可以看出，程度狀語從句往往也表示達(dá)到某種程度時所引 出的結(jié)果，所以程度狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句在意義上有相通之處。At that time politici

13、answere not known to the degree that theyare today.那時政治家們并不像今天這樣為人所知曉。Ill help you in so far as I ca n.我會盡我所能幫助你。五、原因狀語從句:1、引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句最常用的連詞是because, since,和as，所引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。其中because語because通常表示說話人認(rèn)為這種理由或原因是聽話人所不知道的，全句強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)在原因上，不在主句表示的結(jié)果上?；卮饂hy提出的問題時，只能用because;在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中也只能用because從 句，不能用since

14、, as等，如：Because I cansee very well, I have to sit near the front.si nee次之,as又次之It was because he was illthat he didngo with us.It was because he was illthat he didncome.since和as引導(dǎo)的句子，重點(diǎn)在主句的內(nèi)容，其原因或理由在說 話人看來已很明顯，或已為聽話人所熟悉，since和as只是一種附 帶的說明原因，不是對原因進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，如：As he is work ing hard, he is likely to succeed

15、.Since he cana nswer the questi on, youbetter ask some one else.As / Since he was not at home, I spoke to his brother.Since you insist, I will reconsider the matter.As he was in a hurry, he left his bag at home.for是并列連詞，它引導(dǎo)的句子只能后置。表示因果關(guān)系時，可以和because換用；但當(dāng)它用于對主句的內(nèi)容加以解釋或推斷時, 不能用because代替，如：He couldnhav

16、e seen me, because / for I was not here.The gro und is wet, for / because it rained last ni ght.It rained last night,for the ground is wet this morning.because之前可以加上simply, only, just等強(qiáng)調(diào)詞，如:You shouldnget angry just because some people speak ill of you.2、復(fù)合連詞也可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，這些連詞有：now (that),see ing (tha

17、t), con sider ing (that), for the reas on that, by reason that, for fearthat, that等，如：Now (that) (= Si nee)you men ti on it, I do remember.Now(that) he is absent, youll have to do the work by yourself.Now (=Sinee) the rain has stopped, letstart.Seeing (that) all the guests have arrived, lethave dinn

18、er.She didngo for fear that she would get lost.He has done very well, eon sideri ng (that) he has no experie nee.I havenfinished writing the report yet,not that (= notbecause) I dislike the work, but that (= but because) I have not time.Con sideri ng that they are just beg inn ers, they are doing qu

19、ite a good job.3、在“主語+ be +形容詞+ that”句型中，主語通常是人，形容詞通常為：glad, happy, pleased, sorry等表示感情的形容詞，這時that可以看作原因狀語從句，如：harvest.I m glad (that)you are all right.Weare sure thatour team will win.Im pleased thatyou have decided to come.六、結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句往往放在主句之后， 通常主句是因，從句是果，這和原因狀語從句剛好相反，例如：He was ill, so that he

20、did ncome.He didncome because he was ill.1、結(jié)果狀語從句通常用下列連詞引導(dǎo)：sothat, such (a)that,such that, so that, that等，例如：He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word.The book is written in such simple Englishthat we beginnerscan understand it without much difficulty.We are glad that (= because)we

21、 have reaped ano ther bumperIt was such a bad accidentthat several people got injured.His dilige nee was such that he made great progress.10He didnplan his time well, so that he didnfinish the work in time.She worried so that she could hardly eat her supper.What have I done that you should be so ang

22、ry with me?2、應(yīng)注意的幾個問題：1在非正式文體中，由sothat, such (a)that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，往往可以省略連詞that，這時，從句之前往往用逗號與主 句隔開，在口語中則用停頓表示省略。He was so tired (,) (that)he could hardly sta nd.Peter is such a good boy (,) (that) he is loved by everybody.You walk so fast (that) I cankeep pace with you.We left in such a hurry (that) we f

23、orgot to lock the door.He was so rude (that) she refused to speak to him.2當(dāng)so修飾動詞時，后面應(yīng)稍停頓，如：His heart beat so A that he could hardly breathe.She worried so A that she could hardly eat her supper.3當(dāng)so位于句首時，主句的語序應(yīng)倒裝，如:So badly was he injured that he had to go to the hospital.So small was the mark that

24、 I could hardly see it.11七、目的狀語從句1、目的狀語從句通常使用的連詞有：so that, in order that, that,so。否定的句式常用lest, in case, for fear that來引導(dǎo)。目的狀語從句中一般要有can, may, could, might, will, would, should等情態(tài)動詞，如：Bri ng it closer(so) that I may see it better.I put dow n his address for fear that I should forget it.The teacher mu

25、st speak clearly so that his students can / may un dersta nd well.Well sit nearer the frontso we can hear better.(非正式或口語)12The driver looked over the engine carefully go wrong on lest it (should)the way.Please remi nd me of it again tomorrow in case I forget.Take an umbrella with you, in case (= for

26、 fear that)it rains/ it may rain / it should rain.He left early in case he should miss the train.2、so that / so既可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，又可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從 句，其區(qū)別可以根據(jù)上下文的意義來判斷，也可以從其結(jié)構(gòu)上來判斷1凡在講話時，so that / so從句之前有停頓，在文字中so that / so從句之前有逗號，則為結(jié)果狀語從句，否則為目的狀語從句，如：Weall arrived at eight, so (that) the meeting began promptly.(結(jié)果

27、狀語從句)Wellcome at eight so (that) the meet ing can begi n early.(目的狀語從句)2有時，由so that或so引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句之前并沒有逗號，這時，就要看從句中有沒有can, may, could, might, will, would, should等情態(tài)動詞，如果有，多半是目的狀語從句，如果沒有，多 半是結(jié)果狀語從句，如：13I am going to the lecture early(目的狀語從句)I went to the lecture earlyso that I got a good seat.(結(jié)果狀語從句)3目

28、的狀語從句可以移至句首，而結(jié)果狀語從句不能前移，如:So that he could be heard in every room, John spoke through a microphone.(目的狀語從句)Joh n spoke through a microph oneso that he was heard in everyroom.(結(jié)果狀語從句)八、條件狀語從句1、條件狀語從句通常用下列連詞引導(dǎo)：if, unless, supposing (that)(僅在問句中使用)，suppose (that), in case, so / as long as,so far as, on

29、 con diti on (that), provided (that)等，例如：In case he comes, let me know.so that Iget a good seat.You can go out, as / so long as you promise to be back before eleve n.I willcome again tomorrow provided (that)I have time. (= if)Suppos ing (that)it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? (= if)Unless you tel

30、lhim yourself,helllose faith in youcompletely.14Wlet you use the roomon con diti on that / provided thatyou keep it clean and tidy.2、有時可以把祈使句作為條件從句，祈使句后面要搭配and,如:Come tomorrow, and I will tell you.(=If you come tomorrow, I will tell you.)Give him an inch and hetake a mile.(=If you give him an in ch,

31、 he注：當(dāng)表示否定的條件時，可用連詞or或otherwise，女口:Hurry up, or (else) yoube late.Make up your mind, or youmiss the cha nee.Start at once,or / otherwise youmiss the train.(=If you dont start at once, youmiss the train.)(= Uni ess you start at on ce, youmiss the train.)3、if only是if的強(qiáng)調(diào)式，通常表示說話人強(qiáng)烈的愿望，但愿，真 希望”如：If only

32、 it clears up, wego.If only somebody had told us, we could have warned you.take a mile.)如果有人告訴了我們，我們就會讓你提防的。15注：if only引導(dǎo)的狀語從句有時可以不依附于主句而獨(dú)立存在，表 示說話人的希望、愿望或遺憾等心情，如：If onlyhe comes in time. (= I hope he will come in time.)If onlyhe didndrive so fast. (= I wish he didndrive sofast.)If only I hadnbeen l

33、ate for work.(=I wish I had nbee n late for work.)4、在真實(shí)條件句中，從句動詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時間，主 句通常帶有情態(tài)動詞，如：If you move Il shoot you.If I press this butt on, what will happe n?If you come you can see it.If you finish early, you maygo.注 當(dāng)從句表示將來已經(jīng)完成或正在進(jìn)行的動作時，動詞用現(xiàn)在完 成時或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，如：I will retur n the book on Mon dayif I h

34、ave read it .The police wontake your car away if you are sitting in it.注 如果從句表示現(xiàn)在的意圖、意愿、決心等，則可以用will /16shall,如：If you will read the book, Illet you have it.If you will help me, we can finish by six.If you will give up smoking / drinking, your health will improve.5、有一種條件句，其從句動詞不管主語的人稱和數(shù)如何，一律用“should

35、 +不定式”，主句動詞可根據(jù)意義需要米取不同形式，如:If he should hear of your marriage, he would be surprised.If you should hear the n ews, please let us know.If you should be in terested, Il tell you the whole story.If it should rai n , we had better stay in doors.If he should come tomorrow, I would tell him everyth ing.注：

36、在正式文體中，可用should I (we, you etc)代替If I (we, you etc.)should，如：Should I be free tomorrow, I will come.Should you see Mike, will you ask him to ring me up?Should you see my mother, tell her I am quite well.6、非真實(shí)條件句：1當(dāng)從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的條件時，從句動詞用一般過去時或were型虛擬式，主句動詞用would / should / could / might +不定式，如：If I we

37、re you, I should con suit a doctor.If I lived in the twenty-first century, my life might be differe nt in a nu mber ofways.2當(dāng)從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反的條件時，從句動詞用過去完成時，主句動詞用would / should / could / might +不定式完成式，如:If he had tried hard last term, he would have succeeded .If he had take nhis doctoradvice, he might no

38、t have died3當(dāng)從句表示將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件時，從句動詞用一般過去時或were / was to +不定式，主句動詞用would / should / could / might +不定式，如：What would you do if it snowedtomorrow?He would ndo ituni ess you were to order him to.4在正式文體中可用“were +主語”等倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)代替“if +主語+were”等結(jié)構(gòu)；“had +主語+ ed分詞”代替“if +主語+ had + ed分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，如：Were I in your place, I w

39、ould be very worried.Were Joh n to go to the uni versity, he would have to work hard.Hadthe captain been more careful,his ship would not have been sunk.18Hadit not bee n for the expe nse, I7、uni ess與ifnot的用法比較：If you do nstart at once, you will miss the train.Uni ess you start at on ce, you will mis

40、s the train.uni ess在意義上相當(dāng)于ifnot，在有些場合兩者可以交替使用，但在有些場合又不可以互換，以下是不可互換的情況:1當(dāng)ifnot引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件狀語從句時，一般不可以改用unless， 例如：If she werent so silly, she would understand.（事實(shí)上她很傻，改成Un less she were so silly含義為她不傻）If I hadnstopped her, she would have jumped into the river.（事實(shí)上我阻止了她，改成Un less I had stopped her含義為我沒有阻止她

41、。）2un less表示除外的唯一條件，因此通常不能用and連接兩個unless從句，而ifnot則不受此限，如：She wonlose weightif she does not keep a diet and if shedoes not take exercises every day.Shewonlose weight uni ess she keeps a diet and takes exercisesshould have gone to Italy.19every day.(不說：uni ess she keeps a diet and uni ess she takes ex

42、ercises every day.)unless從句中可用否定詞，而ifnot從句中不可再加否定 詞，因此在unless引導(dǎo)的否定從句中，不可用ifnot代替uni ess，如：I will gouni ess no one else does.I will go if no one else does nXDonask me to expla in uni ess you really donu ndersta nd.Donask me to expla in if you really not donu ndersta nd.X4在ifnot從句中通常用非肯定詞，而在unless引導(dǎo)的肯

43、定形 式的條件從句中，通常用肯定詞，而不用非肯定詞，如：I will be very angryif you havenspoken to her yet.I will be very angryuni ess you have already spoke n to her.九、讓步狀語從句1.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的主要連詞有although, though, as, eventhough / if等。He is unhappy though he has a lot of money.雖然他很有錢，但他不快樂。20They will stand by youeven if you fail.即使

44、你沒成功，他們也會支持你注意：although/though不可與but連用，但可與yet, still等連用。例如。Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.雖然雨下得很大，但他們?nèi)匀焕^續(xù)踢足球。2. as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，需倒裝，從句中的表語和狀語或動詞原 形要置于句首；though引導(dǎo)時，倒裝或不倒裝皆可。如表語是名詞, 不可加冠詞；若動詞原形前置，從句要有may或might。例如：Child as he is, he knows a lot.盡管是個孩子，他卻懂得很多Try as he might, he could not find a job.不管怎么努力，他還是找不到工作。3. when和while也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然”。例如:While they are my n eighbors, I do not know them well.雖然他們是我的鄰居，但我并不很熟悉他們。4. whetheror可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為：不管是. 還是不論是否。例如：21You will have to attend the ceremonywhether you are free orbusy