七年級英語下冊語法總結(jié)

1、七年級英語下冊語法總結(jié)一、一般現(xiàn)在時1 .構(gòu)成：主語+動詞+其他2 .標(biāo)志詞：always, usually, often, sometimes, never,等頻率副詞.3 .否認(rèn)句：1當(dāng)動詞是 be, can, may, must, shoul用在其后加not e.g. I can ' t play football.2當(dāng)是實義動詞時加助動詞don' t/doesn ' t后跟動詞原形e.g. I don' t like football.She doesn t like football.4 .疑問句：1當(dāng)動詞是 be, can, may, must, s

2、houl用將其提前e.g. Can you swim?2當(dāng)是實義動詞時將助動詞 do/does放在前面,后跟主語和動詞原 形.e.g. Does she like football?5 .特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞 +一般疑問句e.g When does she usually get up inthe morning?二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1.構(gòu)成：主語+be+doing+其他2.動詞一動詞-ing變化規(guī)律：1 一般情況下直接加-ing, eg. Working2以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的去e加-ing, eg. Taking3以輔音字母+元音字母+輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié),雙寫末尾輔音字母加-ing, eg.

3、Stopping4特殊變化,lie lying3 .標(biāo)志詞：look, listen, now, at the moment, it' so' clock4 .否認(rèn)句：be動詞后加note.g. She is not listening to music.5 .疑問句：將be動詞提前e.g . Is she listening to music?6 .特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞 +一般疑問句 e.g What is she doing now?三、將來時1 .構(gòu)成：主語+be going to+動詞原形主語+ will +動詞原形2 .標(biāo)志詞：tomorrow, next day/

4、month/year等表示將來的時間3 .否認(rèn)句：be動詞后加not; will后加note.g. He is not going to have a piano lesson this weekend.He will not have a piano lesson this weekend.4 .疑問句：將be動詞提前；將will提前e.g. Is he going to have a piano lesson this weekend?Will he going to have a piano lesson this weekend?5 .特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞 +一般疑問句 What a

5、re you going to do tomorrow? What will you do tomorrow?四、過去時1 .構(gòu)成：主語+動詞過去時+其他2 . 標(biāo)志詞：yesterday, just now,ago, this morning, when I was young,last等3 .動詞一動詞過去式變化規(guī)律：1） 一般動詞結(jié)尾加-ed, e.g. Walkwalked2以字母e結(jié)尾的動詞加-d, e.g. Live-lived3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i加-ed, e.g. Hurry hurried4)以輔音字母+元音字母+輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié),雙寫末尾輔音字母加-ed

6、, eg. Stop - stopped特殊變化詳見課本 P1724 .否認(rèn)句：1)動詞be過去式后直接加note.g. I was not in Chengdu last year.2)當(dāng)是實義動詞時,加助動詞 didn' t后跟動詞原形e.g. I didn' t telephone my parents yesterday.5 .疑問句：1)動詞be過去式提前e.g. Were you in Chengdu last year?2)當(dāng)是實義動詞時將助動詞did放在前面,后跟主語和動詞原形e.g. Did you telephone my parents yesterday

7、?6 .特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞 +一般疑問句 e.g What did you do yesterday?五、形容詞、副詞比擬級,最高級1 .形容詞(1)在句子中做定語,一般放在名詞之前.但是當(dāng)形容詞修飾something,somebody, anything, anybody, nothing, nobody 時,要放于其后. e.g. I have an interesting book. There is nothing serious.(2)作表語,放在系動詞之后.e.g. This kind of dress is expensive. 以a-開頭的形容詞,一般在句子中只能作表語.e

8、.g. Keep quiet! My baby isasleep in the room.(4)作賓語補足語,放在賓語之后.e.g. The good news makes us very happy.2 .副詞副詞在句子中主要做狀語,可以修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞.修飾動詞時,一般放 在行為動詞之后；修飾形容詞時,一般放在形容詞之前；表示時間、地點的副詞 一般放在句末或句首；頻度副詞一般放在行為動詞之前.e.g. Ican' t hear you clearly.3 .比擬級用法(1)可以單獨使用 eg. I hope to do better in English.(2) 和 than

9、 一起用 eg. Zhang Jun is stronger than Lin Tao.(3)其他幾種用法a.兩者比擬,哪一個更怎么樣？ Who/Which + be+比擬級,A or B?e.g. Who did better, Lucy or Lily?b.用比擬級形式表達(dá)最高級意義比擬級 +than any other+n.+比擬級范圍(in/of )=比擬級 +than any of the others+ in/of =比擬級+than the other+n.+in/of(在同范圍內(nèi)比擬)比擬級+than any + n.+ in/of (在兩個不同范圍內(nèi)比擬)e.g. Kate

10、is more careful than any other girl in our class Shanghai is bigger than any city in Shangdong Province.c.越來越怎么樣？一比擬級+and+比擬級IIe.g. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.d.有范圍的兩者之間的比擬用一the+形容詞比擬級+of the two II eg. My mother is the busier of the two.e.用來修飾比擬級的副詞有：much/ far/ lots/ a lot; a lit

11、ter; even;still 等4.最高級用法用來對三個或三個以上的人或事物進(jìn)行比擬,形容詞的最高級前 必須加定冠詞the,副詞前的the可以省略.a.最局級+范圍eg. Changjian is the longest river in China.b.主語+be+one of the+W容詞最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+比擬級范圍(of/in短語),表示一 最的之II o eg. Yang Liwei is one of the most famous heroes in China.c.主語+be+the+序數(shù)詞+形容詞最高級+單數(shù)名詞+比擬范圍,表示一是 的第幾 II o eg. The Yel

12、low River is the second longest river in China.八年級上冊語法復(fù)習(xí)一、 行為動詞的一般過去時1、過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么(1) 一般情況下在動詞原形后直接加-ed. 如：want wanted(2)以不發(fā)音的字母 e結(jié)尾的動詞,去掉 e再加-ed.如：hope hoped(3)重讀閉音節(jié)單詞需雙寫最后一個輔音字母再加-ed.如：stop stopped(4)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞改y為i,再加-ed.如：studystudied注意：不規(guī)那么動詞變 化,要逐一熟記.2、實義動詞過去式的句式.肯定式：主語+動詞過去式+其它.如： They had a g

13、ood time yesterday.否認(rèn)式：主語+did not (didn' t) + 動詞原形 + 其它.如：They didn' t watch TV last night.一般疑問句：Did+主語+動詞原形+其它？肯定答復(fù)：Yes 主語+did.否認(rèn)答復(fù)：No,主語+didn' t. 如：Did they have a meetingtwo days ago?Yes, they did. / No , they didn' t.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形+其它？如：What time did youfinish your homew

14、ork ?3. 一般過去時的用法：a.主要用于過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài).My father worked in Shanghai last year.b.表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作,常與often , always等表示頻度的時間狀語連用.I often went to school on foot.c.與when等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句連用.When he got home , he had a short rest.4. 一般過去時的時間狀語：a moment ago (剛剛),yesterday morning , last night/ week ,the day before ye

15、sterday 前天,just now 剛剛,in 2006, three days ago 等對應(yīng)練習(xí)：用所給動詞的正確形式填空1. I( go) to school yesterday.2. She( play ) football last week.3. Look! Jack( sing ) now.4. You(read)the new paper the day before yesterday.5. I( see ) Jack in the zoo last weekend.6. I(do) my homework last night1. She(open)the mailbo

16、x the day after tomorrow.8. I( help ) the little baby drink the milk the next morning.9. The farmers(work) on the farm next week.10. My parents( watch) TV last Monday.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. I went to the party last Friday.(改為一般疑問句) you to the party lastFriday?2. I had a nice time last Sunday.(改為一般疑問句) you nice time

17、 lastSunday?3. We went to London two years ago.(對劃線局部提問)you toLondon?4. He did his homework in the morning.(改為否認(rèn)句)He his homework inthe morning.二、現(xiàn)在完成時謂語構(gòu)成：助動詞 have / has +動詞的過去分詞用法：(1)表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,常與already (已經(jīng)),ever (曾經(jīng)),yet ,just(剛剛)before (以前)等詞連用.(2)表示過去發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在,常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用.

18、標(biāo)志詞：(1) just, never, ever, already, yet 等(2) for +一段時間；since 十點時間或引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句(一 般多為過去時(3) so far(到目前為止)；in the past/last +表示一段時間的詞語各種句式結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定式： 主語 +have/has+過去分詞 + 其他 e.g I have lived here for ten years.Lucy has lived here since 2001.否認(rèn)式：主語 +haven' t/hasn ' t+過去分詞 + 其他 e.g They haven' t had

19、breakfast yet.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語 + 過去分詞 + 其他？ e.g Have you ever been to Beijing?特殊疑問句：疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他？e.g How long has he lived here? 練習(xí)：寫出以下動詞的過去分詞形式:1、see4、stop7、catch 一10、live 11、make2、hear3、study 5、write 6、teach8、go9、play Mountain this evening?12、forget 一考查現(xiàn)在完成時的一般用法()1.Kitty, will you go

20、 to see the film Coldt. I it already .A. sawB. have seenC. seeD. will see()2.Gone with the Wind is a well known novel . She it twice . A. read B. isreadingC. reads D. has read ( )3.How long you here?Forabout two years so far .A. have; studied B. did; liveC. do; stay D. have changed(二)考查非延續(xù)性動詞與一段時間連用

21、的表達(dá)方式( )1.Oh. Mrs. king, your dress looks nice . Is it new?No, I it since two yearsago.A. had B. have had C. bought D . have bought ( )2. Jeff borrowed a history book from his friend . He it for a week .A. has borrowed B.has lent C.has kept D. lend( )3.The students are sorry to hear that the famous

22、singer for half an hour . A. has leftB. has gone C. has been awayD. has gone away(三)考查 have/has been to, have/has gone to 與 have/ has been in 的區(qū)另U()1.Where's your father?He Shanghai. He' ll be back next week .A. has gone to B. has been toC. have gone toD. have been to( )2.Where is David? He

23、to England on business .A. is goingB. has gone C. has been D. goes()3. you ever to the United States?- -Yes, twice.A. Have; gone B. Have; beenC. Do; go D. Were; going(四)考查for與since接時間狀語時的區(qū)別( )1. What a nice dog! How long have you had it? -two years. A. For B. Since C. In ()2. Miss Gao has taught in

24、this school 1993. A. for B. atC. inD. since(五)考查現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別()1. -He has already gone to England .-When he there?A. will; goB. is; going C. did; go D. has; gone()2. Have you read this book? yes, I it two weeks ago.A. am reading B. have read C. will readD. read(六)現(xiàn)在完成時在特定語境下的使用()1.Helen, I told you

25、 to do your home-work as carefully as you can?Yes but Ifewer mistakes than I usually do .A. was making B. have made C. will make D . had made ( )2.Has the match started?Started? Finished ! Guo Yue.A. is winning B. wins C. will win D. has won( )3. Xiao Wang English for thirteen years. So he can speak

26、 quite good English. A. had learnedB. has learned C. will be learningD. learns ( )4. Thefilm for half an hour. A. has begun B. has been begunC. has been onD. began( )5. You don ' t have to describe her. I her severaltimes. A. had metB. have met C. meet D. met( )6. Miss Yang is not at home. She t

27、o the school library. A. went B. has beenC. goes D. has gone()7. He has never visited the Great Hall of the People.? A. hasn ' t he B. has heC. does he D. doesn' t he三、過去進(jìn)行時謂語構(gòu)成：was/were+ 現(xiàn)在分詞 V-ing用法：表示在過去的某一時間正在進(jìn)行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)時間狀語：at this time yesterday昨天這個時候at that time last week 上周那個時候 at ni

28、ne yesterday evening 昨晚九點時from seven to ten last night 昨晚從七點到十點 等,when或while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的主、從復(fù)合句.他進(jìn)來時,我正在看報.我步行回家時遇到了格林先生.cooking.媽媽做飯時爸爸在看報.e.g I was reading a newspaper when he came in . While I was walking home, I met Mr Green.My father was reading a newspaper while my mother was注：while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的主、從復(fù)合句

29、,兩個過去進(jìn)行時并用,表示動作同時發(fā)生.各種句式結(jié)構(gòu) 肯定式： 主語 +was/ were +v-ing + 其它e.g He was sleeping when she arrived.她到達(dá)時他正在睡覺.否認(rèn)式： 主語 + was/were not +v- ing+其它e.g They weren ' t planting trees at nine yesterday . 昨天早上九點他們不在植樹.一般疑問句：Was/Were+主語 +v-ing + 其它？e.g Was he playing football when you rang me?你打 給我時.他正在踢足球嗎 ？特

30、殊疑問句：疑問詞 +was/were+主語+v -ing +其它?e.g What was Peter doing at this time last week? 上周這個時候彼特在于什么？練習(xí)：用was/were填空：1、I listening to the music.3、They looking at the flowers.5、Lingling watching TV.2、She playing the piano.4、We having a picnic.6、Two boys reading book.7、Your uncle and aunt visiting the Great

31、Wall. 8、Everyone having lunch.9、People working on the farm.10、Some women singing pop music.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空.1 .Youhave a meeting at 9 last Monday morning .2 .Theyplayfootball when I passed .3 .Shetakea walk when we had a talk .4 .theytryto draw horses on the blackboard when the teacher came in?5 . The s

32、tudents1istento the teacher carefully while he was teaching .四、反意疑問句語法歸納1、概念：當(dāng)我們陳述一個事實,而又不是很有把握,就可以在陳述句后加一個簡短問句,稱為反意疑問句.意義：相當(dāng)于中文的“ ,對吧/是吧？構(gòu)成：陳述句+簡短問句【助動詞/系動詞be/情態(tài)動詞+主語代詞】規(guī)律：陳述句是肯定的,簡短問句用否認(rèn)形式；而陳述句是否認(rèn)的,簡短問句就用肯定形式;前肯后否,前否后肯.2、祈使句用于反意疑問句中這種類型較特殊,前一局部是祈使句,后一局部是肯定疑問形式.句型 1: Let' s+動詞原形 + 其它,shall we?

33、例：Let' s go for a walk, shall we?而 Letus go for a walk, will you?句型 2:其它形式的祈使句, will you? Come into the classroom, will you?Pleasebe careful, will you?Don' t panic (恐慌),will you? 注意：There be 句型1. There is an old picture on the wall, isn ' t there?2. There aren' t any children in the

34、room, are there?3. There wasn' t a telephone call for me, was there?4. There were enough people to pick apples,weren ' t there?5. There will be a basketball match tomorrow,won ' t there? 值得注意的是有時英語的謂語動詞并不用否認(rèn)式(即沒加上not),而是用上了一 never,little, few, hardly, nothing, nobody II等表否認(rèn)意義的詞,后半局部應(yīng)用肯定疑

35、問式.Youhave never been to Beijing, have you? Mr. Fat has few friends here, does he? There is little milk in the bottle, is there? He could do nothing, could he?練習(xí)：完成以下反意疑問句：1. Mary listened to pop music,? 2. He has never been to Shanghai?3.He has few friends at school,? 4.The music sounds beautiful,?

36、5.You can ' t dance to jazz,? 6.They weren ncert,' t atthe co? 7.Let' sstop writing,? 8.Don ' t be late,?五、動詞不定式動詞不定式是初中英語的語法重點之一,也是每年中考英語試題的考點之一.它是動詞的一種非謂語形式,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,不能單獨作句子的謂語.其構(gòu)成形式為“to+動詞原形",to為動詞不定式的符號,本身無意義.動詞不定式具有兩大特點：1 .具有動詞的特點,因此,后面可以跟表語、賓語或狀語,構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語.2 .具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的

37、特點,可以在句子中用作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語、定 語、表語及同位語等.(一)、動詞不定式作主語()1. It's hard for us English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning()2. It's very nice you to get me two tickets the World Cup. A.for, of B. of, forC. to, for D. of, to簡析動詞不定式作主語時,可以直接放在謂語動詞前面的主語位置,也可以用先行詞it作形式主語,而將真正的主語 (不定式)置于后面.常

38、見的句式有：(1)It is +形容詞(of sb)to dosth.(2)It is + 形容詞(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is + 名詞短語(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用 nice, kind , clever, good, right, wrong , foolish , careless等形容詞, 與介詞of搭配,這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語的屬性或性質(zhì)；句式 (2)中常用hard, difficult , easy, important等形容詞,與介詞 for搭配,表示不

39、定式表示的動作、行為的性 質(zhì).(二)、動詞不定式作賓語( )1. He wants some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys( )2. Don't forget your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking ( )3. He found it very difficult.A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep簡析在 want, li

40、ke , agree, hope, wish, learn, begin, start, decide, hate, choose, forget , remember等動詞后面,可以接不定式作賓語.如果其后接形容詞補足語 時,那么可以用it作形式賓語,而把作真正賓語的不定式放到后面.(三)、動詞不定式作賓語補足語( )1. Robert often asks us his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help himB. to help him withB. C. to help with D. helps hi

41、m with( )2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked簡析不定式可以用作賓語補足語.后面可以接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：ask, teach ,expect,tell, allow 等.(四)、動詞不定式作狀語( )1. She went her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing( )2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best

42、English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns簡析go, come, try , do / try one's best等動詞或短語動詞作謂語時,其后常?？梢越硬欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z.()3. I'm sorry that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear ()4.I'm sorry you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled( )5. My mother was very glad her old fr

43、iend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets簡析u be +形容詞+ to do sth u結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式作狀語,常表示原因或方式.(五)、動詞不定式作定語()1. Would you like something? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks ()2. Ihave a lot of homework.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do ( )3. He is not an easy man. A. get on B. to get onC. get on with D. to get on with簡析不定式作定語時,常放在被修飾的詞語之后,與被修飾的詞語為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系 或動賓關(guān)系；如果不定式的動詞是不及物動詞,其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞,構(gòu)成的短語動詞相當(dāng)于及物動詞.(六)、不帶to的動詞不定式()1. We saw him the building and go upstairs. A.