2020年電大混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計原理期末復(fù)習(xí)試題及詳細(xì)參考答案資料必考重點(diǎn)

1、電大?混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計原理?期末復(fù)習(xí)資料小抄一、單項(xiàng)選擇題1 .以下關(guān)于鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的說法正確的選項(xiàng)是0A.鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)自重大,有利于大跨度結(jié)構(gòu)、高層建筑結(jié)構(gòu)及抗震B(yǎng).鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)雖然抗裂恨不能較差,但在正常使用時通常是不允許帶裂縫工作的C.鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)隔熱、隔聲性能較好D.鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)施工比擬復(fù)雜,建造耗工較多,進(jìn)行補(bǔ)強(qiáng)修復(fù)也比擬困難2 .可變荷載有四種代表值,其中為根本代表值,其余值可由它乘以相應(yīng)的系數(shù)得到.A.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值B.組合值C.準(zhǔn)永久值D.頻遇值3 .當(dāng)結(jié)構(gòu)或構(gòu)件出現(xiàn)時,我們認(rèn)為其超過了承載水平極限狀態(tài).A.結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)動體系,或構(gòu)件撓度超過允許的限值B.結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)動體系,或

2、結(jié)構(gòu)或構(gòu)件喪失穩(wěn)定C.結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)動體系,或構(gòu)件裂縫寬度超過了允許的最大裂縫寬度D.構(gòu)件撓度超過允許的限值,或結(jié)構(gòu)或構(gòu)件喪失穩(wěn)定4 .鋼筋混凝土梁的受拉區(qū)邊緣到達(dá)時,受拉區(qū)開始出現(xiàn)裂縫.A.混凝土實(shí)際的抗拉強(qiáng)度B.混凝土的抗拉強(qiáng)度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值C.混凝土的抗拉強(qiáng)度設(shè)計值D.混凝土彎曲時的極限拉應(yīng)變5 .有明顯流幅的熱軋鋼筋,其屈服強(qiáng)度是以為依據(jù)的.A.比例極限B.強(qiáng)度極限C.屈服上限D(zhuǎn).屈服下限6 .單筋矩形梁正截面承載力計算根本公式的適用條件是.A. ?0 ?b 和 AsAs,minB. ? 0 ?b 和 Ass,minC. ?？b 和 As ；s,minD.？b 和 Ass.min7 .雙筋矩形截

3、面梁正截面承載力計算根本公式的第二個適用條件xa的物理意義是.A.預(yù)防出現(xiàn)超筋破壞B.預(yù)防出現(xiàn)少筋破壞C.保證受壓鋼筋屈服D.保證受拉鋼筋屈服8 .受彎構(gòu)件斜截面承載力計算公式是以為依據(jù)的.A.斜拉破壞B.斜彎破壞C.斜壓破壞D.剪壓破壞9 .為了保證受彎構(gòu)件的斜截面受剪承載力,設(shè)計時通常不把梁的截面尺寸設(shè)計得過小,并且限制最大配筋率,用于預(yù)防發(fā)生.A.斜拉破壞B.斜彎破壞C.斜壓破壞D.剪壓破壞10 .偏心受壓構(gòu)件界限破壞時,.A.遠(yuǎn)離軸向力一側(cè)的鋼筋屈服比受壓區(qū)混凝土壓碎早發(fā)生B.遠(yuǎn)離軸向力一側(cè)的鋼筋屈服比受壓區(qū)混凝土壓碎晚發(fā)生C.遠(yuǎn)離軸向力一側(cè)的鋼筋屈服與另一側(cè)鋼筋屈服同時發(fā)生D.遠(yuǎn)離軸

4、向力一側(cè)的鋼筋屈服與受壓區(qū)混凝土壓碎同時發(fā)生11 .螺旋箍筋柱較普通箍筋柱承載力提升的原因是0A.螺旋筋使縱筋難以被壓屈B.螺旋筋的存在增加了總的配筋率C.螺旋筋約束了混凝土的橫向變形D.螺旋筋的彈簧作用12 .進(jìn)行構(gòu)件的裂縫寬度和變形驗(yàn)算的目的是0A.使構(gòu)件滿足正常使用極限狀態(tài)要求B.使構(gòu)件能夠在彈性階段工作C.使構(gòu)件滿足承載水平極限狀態(tài)要求D.使構(gòu)件能夠帶裂縫工作13 .正常使用極限狀態(tài)設(shè)計主要是驗(yàn)算構(gòu)件的變形和抗裂度或裂縫寬度,計算中A.荷載采用其設(shè)計值,需乘分項(xiàng)系數(shù),不考慮結(jié)構(gòu)重要性系數(shù)B.荷載采用其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值,不需乘分項(xiàng)系數(shù),不考慮結(jié)構(gòu)重要性系數(shù)C.荷載采用其設(shè)計值,需乘分項(xiàng)系數(shù),考慮結(jié)

5、構(gòu)重要性系數(shù)D.荷載采用其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值,不需乘分項(xiàng)系數(shù),考慮結(jié)構(gòu)重要性系數(shù)14 .條件相同的鋼筋混凝土軸拉構(gòu)件和預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土軸拉構(gòu)件相比擬,A.后者的承載力低于前者B.后者的抗裂度比前者好C.前者與后者的抗裂度相同D.前者與后者的承載力和抗裂度均相同15 .計算偏心受壓構(gòu)件,當(dāng)時構(gòu)件確定屬于大偏心受壓構(gòu)件.A. ? <?bB. ? >?bC. ® >0.3h0D. ©?3h016 .對鋼筋進(jìn)行冷加工的目的是.A.提升屈服強(qiáng)度B.增加鋼材的塑性C.提升鋼筋與混凝土的粘結(jié)強(qiáng)度D.調(diào)直、除銹17 .為了保證結(jié)構(gòu)的正常使用和耐久性,構(gòu)件裂縫的限制等級有級,A. 10 個

6、B. 5 個C. 3個D. 2個18 .當(dāng)適筋梁的受拉鋼筋剛屈服時,梁正截面的承載水平A.到達(dá)最大值B.接近最大值C.離最大值還有一段距離D.開始下降19 .無腹筋簡支梁主要通過以下哪種方式傳力？A.縱筋的銷栓力B.混凝土骨料的嚙合力C,混凝土與受拉鋼筋形成的拱D.不能確定20 .大小偏壓破壞的主要區(qū)別是.A.偏心距的大小B.受壓一側(cè)碎是否到達(dá)極限壓應(yīng)變C.截面破壞時受壓鋼筋是否屈服D.截面破壞時受拉鋼筋是否屈服21 .梁斜截面破壞有多種形態(tài),且均屬脆性破壞,相比之下,脆性稍小一些的破壞形態(tài)是A.斜壓破壞B.剪壓破壞C.斜拉破壞D.剪彎破壞22 .以下哪種狀態(tài)應(yīng)按正常使用極限狀態(tài)設(shè)計？A.結(jié)構(gòu)

7、作為剛體失去平衡B.因過度的塑性變形而不適于繼續(xù)承載C.影響耐久性能的局部損壞D.構(gòu)件喪失穩(wěn)定23 .鋼筋和混凝土之間的粘結(jié)強(qiáng)度,.A.當(dāng)外部荷載大時,其粘結(jié)強(qiáng)度大B.當(dāng)鋼筋進(jìn)入混凝土中的長度長時,其粘結(jié)強(qiáng)度大C.混凝土強(qiáng)度等級高時,其粘結(jié)強(qiáng)度大D.鋼筋級別低時,其粘結(jié)強(qiáng)度大24.在設(shè)計雙筋梁、大偏壓和大偏拉構(gòu)件時,要求x2as/的條件是為了.A.預(yù)防受壓鋼筋壓屈B.保證受壓鋼筋在構(gòu)件破壞時能到達(dá)設(shè)計屈服強(qiáng)度fyZC.預(yù)防 fj >400N/mm 2D.保證受拉鋼筋屈服25 .驗(yàn)算鋼筋混凝土受彎構(gòu)件裂縫寬度和撓度的目的是.A.使構(gòu)件能夠帶裂縫工作B.使構(gòu)件滿足正常使用極限狀態(tài)的要求C.使

8、構(gòu)件滿足承載水平極限狀態(tài)的要求D.使構(gòu)件能在彈性階段工作26 .鋼筋混凝土軸心受拉構(gòu)件的平均裂縫間距與縱向鋼筋直徑及配筋率的關(guān)系是0A.直徑越大,平均裂縫間距越小B.配筋率越大,平均裂縫間距越大C.直徑越小,平均裂縫間距越小D.不能確定27 .在軸心受拉構(gòu)件碎即將開裂的瞬間,鋼筋應(yīng)力大致為.A. 400N/mm 2B. 310N/ mm 2C. 30N/ mm 2D. 210N/ mm 228 .螺旋箍筋柱較普通箍筋柱承載力提升的原因是0A.螺旋筋使縱筋難以被壓屈B.螺旋筋的存在增加了總的配筋率C.螺旋筋約束了混凝土的橫向變形D螺旋筋的彈簧作用29 .普通鋼筋,即鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)中的鋼筋和預(yù)應(yīng)力

9、混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)中的非預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筋,宜采用HRB400級和HRB335級鋼筋,也可采HPB235級鋼筋和RRB400級鋼筋,以鋼筋作為主導(dǎo)鋼筋.A. HPB235 級B. HRB335 級C. HRB400 級D. HRB500 級30 .由混凝土的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變曲線可見,隨著混凝土強(qiáng)度的提升,因此延性越差.A.上升段和峰值應(yīng)變的變化不顯著,下降段的坡度越緩B.上升段和峰值應(yīng)變的變化顯著,下降段的坡度越緩C.上升段和峰值應(yīng)變的變化顯著,下降段的坡度越陡D.上升段和峰值應(yīng)變的變化不顯著,下降段的坡度越陡二、判斷題1 .通常所說的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)是指素混凝土結(jié)構(gòu),而不是指鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu).2 .鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)對鋼筋性能

10、的要求有強(qiáng)度、塑性或變形水平、可焊性、溫度要求及與混凝土的 粘結(jié)力或稱握裹力.3 .鋼筋混凝土梁斜截面破壞的三種形式是斜壓破壞,剪壓破壞,斜拉破壞.4 .只存在結(jié)構(gòu)承載水平的極限狀態(tài),結(jié)構(gòu)的正常使用不存在極限狀態(tài).5 .剪跨比、混凝土強(qiáng)度、縱筋配筋率和截面尺寸都是影響無腹筋簡支梁斜截面受剪承載力的主要因素.6 .為了保證受彎構(gòu)件的斜截面受剪承載力,設(shè)計時通常采取配置一定數(shù)量的間距不太大的、滿足最 小配箍率的箍筋,以預(yù)防斜拉破壞發(fā)生.7 .素混凝土矩形截面受扭構(gòu)件在純扭矩作用下的破壞形式屬脆性破壞.8 .大偏心受壓破壞屬脆性破壞,小偏心受壓破壞屬延性破壞.9 .軸心受拉構(gòu)件破壞時,混凝土的拉裂與

11、鋼筋的受拉屈服同時發(fā)生.10 .對于預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土構(gòu)件,先張法構(gòu)件中的預(yù)應(yīng)力是靠鋼筋與混凝土之間的粘結(jié)力來傳遞的,后張法構(gòu)件是靠錨具來傳遞和保持預(yù)加應(yīng)力的.11 .鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)對鋼筋性能的要求有強(qiáng)度、 塑性或變形水平及與混凝土的粘結(jié)力或稱握裹力.12 .正常使用極限狀態(tài)的設(shè)計表達(dá)式,按不同的設(shè)計目的,分別考慮荷載的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組合、荷載的準(zhǔn)永久組合和荷載的頻遇組合.13 .受彎構(gòu)件斜截面受剪承載力計算公式是依據(jù)剪壓破壞得到的,故其不適用于斜拉破壞和斜壓破壞.14 .?混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?采用穩(wěn)定系數(shù) 小表示長柱承載水平的降低程度,所以, 小為長柱的截面 積與短柱的截面積之比.15 .鋼筋混凝土梁斜截面

12、破壞的三種形式是斜壓破壞,剪壓破壞和斜拉破壞.16 .混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)是以混凝土為主要材料的,并根據(jù)需要配置鋼筋、預(yù)應(yīng)筋、型鋼等,組成承力構(gòu)件的 結(jié)構(gòu).17 .混凝土雙向受壓時強(qiáng)度比其單向受壓時強(qiáng)度降低.18 .鋼筋混凝土無腹筋梁發(fā)生斜拉破壞時,梁的抗剪強(qiáng)度取決于混凝土的抗拉強(qiáng)度剪壓破壞也根本取 決于混凝土的抗拉強(qiáng)度,而發(fā)生斜壓破壞時,梁的抗剪強(qiáng)度取決于混凝土的抗壓強(qiáng)度.19 . 一般來說,設(shè)計使用年限長,設(shè)計基準(zhǔn)期可能短一些；設(shè)計使用年限短,設(shè)計基準(zhǔn)期可能長一些.20 .無腹筋承受集中力時,梁的剪切承載力隨剪跨比的增大而增大.三、簡做題1 .在荷載、溫度、收縮等外界因素作用下,鋼筋和混凝土這兩種材

13、料結(jié)合在一起能夠共同工作,其主要原因在于？答：2 .根據(jù)配筋率不同,簡述鋼筋混凝土梁的三種破壞形式及其破壞特點(diǎn)？3 .在受彎構(gòu)件正截面承載力計算中,？b的含義及其在計算中的作用各是什么？答：4 .作用在結(jié)構(gòu)上的荷載,按作用時間的長短和性質(zhì)分類,可分為哪三種？答：5 .什么情況下采用雙筋截面梁？答：6 .建筑結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該滿足哪幾項(xiàng)功能要求？答：7 .何謂鋼筋混凝土梁的配筋率？隨著配筋率不同,鋼筋混凝土梁可能出現(xiàn)哪三種不同的破壞形態(tài)?答：8 .正截面承載力計算有哪些根本假定？答：9 .斜截面受剪承載力計算公式為什么要設(shè)置上限和下限適用范圍？答：限制上限,預(yù)防斜壓破壞限制下限,預(yù)防斜拉破壞10 .受壓構(gòu)

14、件的一般構(gòu)造要求包括哪幾項(xiàng)？答：1 .截面尺寸及形式2 .材料的強(qiáng)度要求3 .縱筋的構(gòu)造要求4 .箍筋的構(gòu)造要求四、計算題1 .鋼筋混凝土梁截面尺寸b=200mm,h=450mm,混凝土 C25 ,鋼筋采用HRB335級,環(huán)境類別為一類.梁承當(dāng)?shù)膹澗卦O(shè)計值 M=180KN m.受拉鋼筋較多,需布置再排,取ho=450-60=390mm .求: 所頊的縱向受力鋼筋A(yù)sA's的值.：fc =11.9N /mm2, fy = f /y300N /mm2, a1 =1.0,?b=0.55Mulmax =a1?cbh(2? b(1-0.5? b)aS = / Mu2 /f；Q -盯a fcb ；

15、bM f；aSAsfy解：Mulmax =1 X11.9 >200 >0.55 M902(1-0.5 X0.55)=144.34600=144.35KN-mMu2py180-144.35=35.65KN-m= 334.7 4nm2A/ _ 35.65 106 300(390 - 35)八 1 11.9 200 0.55 390 300 334.742300As 二二 2.36.44mm22 .鋼筋混凝土矩形截面簡支梁,截面尺寸為 200 X500mm2o該梁承受的最大剪力設(shè)計值為180KN 包括自重,混凝土強(qiáng)度等級為C25,箍筋為HRB335 ?yv=300N/ mm2,僅配箍筋

16、復(fù)200.要求復(fù)核斜截面所能承受的剪力是否平安.：？1=1.27N/ mm 2, ?yv=300N/ mm 2,h0=465 mm_ n AsvlVu=0.7 2bh0+1.25 ?yv ： h.s3 .矩形截面梁bxh=255mm X600mm ,處于一類環(huán)境,已配置 4根直徑22mmHRB400級縱向受拉鋼筋單排布置,混凝土強(qiáng)度等級為C25 ,試計算該梁所能承受的彎 矩設(shè)計值.：梁的保護(hù)層厚度 c=25mm,HRB400 級鋼筋？y=360N/mm 2,C25級混凝土 ？c=11.9N/ mm2, cfyAs受拉鋼筋截面積 As=1520mm 2,ai=1.0, x =, ?b= 815.

17、0aifcbx、M u - a fc bx(ho ). 24.承受均布荷 載設(shè)計值q作用下的矩形截面簡支梁,平安等級二級,處于一類環(huán)境,截面尺寸bxh=200mm X550mm ,混凝土為C25級,箍筋采用HPB235級鋼筋.梁凈跨度 n=5.0m.梁中已配有雙肢 的200箍筋,試求該梁在正常使用期間按斜截面承載力要求所能承當(dāng)?shù)暮奢d設(shè)計值q.：A25 混凝土 ？t=1.27N/mm 2,HPB235 級鋼筋的？yv=210N/mm 2,h0=515mm,2nASv 1Asvl 50.3mm ,Vu =0.7 ftbh(j 1.25 fyvh Vu = q 'n.s2解：?混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計

18、原理?期末復(fù)習(xí)資料參考答案一、單項(xiàng)選擇題1. A2. A3. B4. D5. D6.A7. C8. D9. D10. D11. C12.A13. B14. B15. A16. A17. D18.A19. A20. D21. B22. C23. B24.B25. B26. C27. B28. C29. C30.C二、判斷題1. (X)2. (V)3. (V)4. (X)5. (X)6. (V)7. (V)8. (X)9. (X)10. (V)11. (X)12. (V)13. (V)14. (X )15. (V)16. (J17. (X)18. (V)19. (x)20. (X)簡做題1.1 .

19、兩者有相近的線膨脹系數(shù)2 .混凝土硬化后,兩者之間產(chǎn)生良好的粘結(jié)力.2 .答：1 .當(dāng)配筋率小于最小配筋率 阿n時,為少筋梁梁產(chǎn)生脆性破壞.2 .當(dāng)配筋率大于最大配筋 叫ax時,為超筋梁梁產(chǎn)生脆性破壞.3 .當(dāng)配筋率在 gnW產(chǎn)pmax時,為適筋梁梁產(chǎn)生延性破壞.3 .答：?b稱相對界限受壓區(qū)高度？b =當(dāng)混凝土的相對受壓區(qū)高度？=工大于？b時梁為超筋梁,當(dāng)？Wb時,為適筋梁.4 .答:恒載 可變荷載 偶然荷載5 .答：Xb當(dāng)接單筋截面梁設(shè)計時,假設(shè)給定的彎矩設(shè)計值過大,截面設(shè)計不能滿足適筋梁的適用條件h0,且由于使用要求截面高度受到限制不能增大,同時混凝土等級因條件限制不能再提升,那么可采用

20、雙筋截面梁,以鋪完混凝土受壓力缺乏.6 .答：平安性 適用性 耐久性7 .答：配筋率等于縱向受力筋面 As隊(duì)以梁的有效面積h0bo當(dāng)實(shí)際配筋率 阿nWp < pmax為適筋梁,延性破壞.當(dāng)p <叫in為少筋梁,脆性破壞.當(dāng) p < pmax 為超筋梁,脆性破壞.8 .答：1 .構(gòu)件正截面在彎曲變形后依然保持平面.即平面假定2 .不考慮受拉區(qū)混凝土的抗拉強(qiáng)度.3 .混凝土的應(yīng)力一一應(yīng)變曲線,按文件規(guī)定.9 .答：限制上限,預(yù)防斜壓破壞限制下限,預(yù)防斜拉破壞10 .答：1 .截面尺寸及形式2 .材料的強(qiáng)度要求3 .縱筋的構(gòu)造要求4 .箍筋的構(gòu)造要求四、計算題1.解：Muimax=

21、1 X11.9 >200 X0.55 >390 2(1-0.5 X0.55)=144.34600=144.35KN-mMu2py 180-144.35=35.65KN-maS35.65 106300(390 - 35)2-334.7 4mm2As1 11.9 200 0.55 390 300 334.742-2.36.44mm3002.解:Asvld2 n22二- 6 = 28.26mm42 28.26 vu =0.7 1.27 200 465 1.25 300 465200=82677+49278=131955N=131.96KN < 180KN(不平安)3.解:1.驗(yàn)算梁

22、是否會超筋H0=600-35=565mm 2fy As 360 1520x = = = 183.9mma1fc b 1 11.9 250Xb =h0 力=565 0.518 = 292.7mmX<xb不會超筋2.驗(yàn)算梁是否會少筋7mm =max0.2%,45或 Pmm 6 h =0.2?% M250 M600 =300 Y1520不會超筋3.計算M uxMu =afc b x(h0 -萬)=1 11.9 250 1 839 (5651 8 394.解:=257.5(KN-m)2 50 3Vu =0.7 1.27 200 515 1.25 210- 51 5200=91.567+67.99

23、=159.6 (KN)2Vu qr n2 159.6 =63.87KN /m5請您用I除一下內(nèi)容,0(_D= 0)0 謝謝！ ！ 2021 年中央由大期末算習(xí)測試/卜抄大全, 由大期末測試"'備/卜抄, 由大測試寸/卜抄 Many people have the samemixed-feelings二when-planning-a-trip-during-Golden-Week.-With-heaps-of-time,-the-seven-day-Chinese請您刪除一下內(nèi)容,0(二三二)0力U謝!二NationalDay-holiday-could-be-the-best

24、-occasion-fo-enjoy-a-destination.-However,-it-can-also-be-the-easiest二way-to-ruin-how-you-feel-about-a-place-and-you may-become-more-fatigued-after二the-holiday,-due-to-battling-the-large:crowds.-During-peakseason,二a-dream-about-a-place-can-turn-to-nightmare-without-carefulplanning,-especially-if-you

25、-travel-with-children-and-olde亡people.-As-most people二will-take-the-holiday-to-visit-domestic-tourist-destinations,-crowds busy-traffic-are-inevitable-at-most-places.-Also-to-be-expected-are increasing-transport-and-accommodation-prices,-with-fhe-possibility-fhatChinese and-will-be-no-rooms-availabl

26、e.-It-is-also-common-that-you':ll :wait-in-the-line-toihour：to-get：a-ticket,-and-another-two-hours-at-the-site,-to-only-see-a-tiny-bit place-due-to-the-crowds.-Last-year,-428-million-tourists-traveled-in-Chinaweek-long-holiday-in-Octoberthis-period-is-a-mlatterthathorough-preparation.-If-youTrav

27、eling needs 一 are-short-onthere- one ofthe- over-the duringplan-the-upcoming-"GoldenWeek"二itavoid-someof二the二mostcrowdedmay-not-be-a-badplacesfor-nowidea-toThere-is-always-a-place-soArxan-is-a-place-like-this.-Thefascinatinbeauty-ofthat-everyone-yearns-foiArxan-is-everlasting_T-_ 一 regardl

28、ess-of-the-changing-otare-just-beyond-word.-ArxanAxai ;- -Haila-four-seasons.-Bestowed-by-nature,-its-spectacular-seasonal-landscapeis-a-crucial-destinationfor-the-recommended-travelling-route,hChinaw：here-people-gravitaiteManzhouli".-It-is-also-the-joint-of-thefour-prairies-across-theSirmd-mou

29、ntainsInnerzMongio-Mongolian-borcoliajer,As-a-historicsite-for-the-Yitian-Battle,-Arxan-still-embodies-the-spiri:owards-the-exotic-atmosphere-mixed-with-Chinese,-Russian,二and-Mongolia-elementst-of-Genghis-Khan二A/alking-info-Arvan二you-will-be-amazed-by-a-kaleidoscope1-i = -if一-fd-=、一4、- -一| - 一一 一 a、

30、- 4- 4r 4-4-of-gorgeous-colorsall-the-year-round-theSpring-azaleas-blooming-red-inthe-snow,-the-Summer sea-wavering-blue-in-the-breeze,the-Autumnleavesand-the-八/inter-woods-shining-white-on-the-vast-alpine-snowscape二Hingganeaguein-the-farArxan-city-is-situatedeastern-area-of-Inner-Mongolia-Autonomou

31、s-Region二Its-fullname-"HarenArxanmeans-hot-holy-waterin-the-RAongohan-language二Arxan-is-a-tou門sm didmd."frontier二with-a-blend-of-largeforest,-grand-prairies,vast-snowfieldthermium,-as-well-as-volcanic-cluster.-It-is-a-rare-and-uniquewith-healthy-sunshine,-clean-ai匚and-unspoiled-greenNestle

32、d-closevirgin-forest,-and-known-for-its-spring-and-ecological-environment,many-s-as-the-purest-land-on-earth.=7You-cannot-miss-out-thedefinitely-the-best-with-brightly-colored-scenery-full-o仁the-northern-part-ofthe-country-comes-earlier-than-the-South.-A - by-the-footprints-of-Autumn-brings-more-col

33、ors-to-the-once-emerald blooming-grassland.:Shutterbugsflock-to-seefor-themselves-thearound-the-mountains-and-waters,-many-ofwhomhere-only-to-capture-a-moment-of-the-nature-wonderhave-travel-a-longThe-silver-birchlarch-is-s-inm72iwT*iir . - l* 一,4y ily-green.-You-will-find-yourself-drowned-in-thewil

34、d fruits-as-well-as-the-glamour-offlowers-in-full-blown.-And-your the-woods-as-it's-time-for-the-wild-fruits-to-ripe.二The-picturesque-Arxan fairyland-only-exists-in-a-dream-that-satisfies-all-your-fantasies.-IU_ :,-some-elderly-Chinese-will-say-it-is-because-Zhinu,-or ying-on-the-day-she-met-he匕

35、husband-Niulang,-o匚the-Cowherd,cryinghusband-Niulangon-the-Mr r - r they-were-children-ori Qixi,二o口hecity-inthe-northernheaven-lake-cluster,- ecotourism-base-filled to-the-country's-largest Arxan-is-marveled-at-byArxan.-It-isemotions.=Autumn-in 二 September-rain-followed- green-mountain-and - mar

36、vel-ofsplendid-colors distance-and-even-camp- turns-golden,-while-the intoxicating-red-ofthe heart-will-be-lingering-on in-Autumn-is-indeed-a - it rains-heavily-onlilky-Way.-Most-Chinese-remember-being-told-this-romantithe-Weaving-Maidctragedy二when二L-isSeventh-Night-FestivalZwhiCh-talls-on-the-seven

37、th-day-ot-the-seventh-lunar-monthZwhiCh-iS-usually-in-early-AugustL 一一 1.一一一一 一 一一 - 一一一-一、一一一,.一.一一 = 4-一- -.一This-year-it-falls-on-Saturday,-August-2.-Folklore-Story-As-the-story-goes,-once-there-was-a-cowherd,Niulsister-in-law.-But-shelang,-who-lived-with-his-elder-brother-andand-abused-him,-and-

38、the-boy-was-forced-to-leave-home-with-only-an-old-cow-for-company.-The-cow,-however,-was-aformer-god-who-had-violated-imperial-rules-and-was-sent-to-earth-in-bovine-form.-One-day-the-cow-led-Niulang-to-a-lake-where-fairies-took-a-bath-on 二 earth.-Among-them-was-Zhinu,-the-most-beautiful-fairy-and-a-

39、skilled-seamstress.-The-two-fell-in-love-at-first-sight-and-were-soon-married.-They-had-ason-and-daughter-and-their-happy-life-was-held-up-as-an-example-for-hundreds-ofyears-in-China.-Yet-in-the-eyes-of-the-Jade-Emperor,-the-SupremeDeity-in-Taoism,-marriage-between-a-mortal-and-fairy-was-s'despe

40、rate-when-he-discoveredhinu-had-been-taken-back-to-heaven.-Den.-He-ordered-the-heaven-troop-to-catch-Zhinu-back.ang-grew)riven-by-Niulang's-misery,-the-cow-told-him-to-turn-its-hide-into-a-pair-of-shoesafter-it-diedhe-magicshoes-whisked-Niulang二who-camed-his-two-children-in-baskets-strung-from-a

41、-shoulder-poleoff-on-a-chase-after-the-empress'1 . ri_ T ,一- q一4一The-pursuit-enraged-the-empress,-who-took-her-hairpin-and-slashed-it-across-the-sky-creating-the-Milky-Way which-separated-husband-from-wife.-But all-was-not-lost-as-magpies,-moved-by-their-love-and-devotion,-formed-a-bridge-across

42、-the-Milky-Way-to-reunite-the-family.-Even-the-Jade-Emperor was-touched,-and-allowed-Niulang-and-Zhinu-to-meet-once-a-year-on-the-seventh-night-ofthe-seventh-month.-This-is-how-Qixi-came-to-be.-The festival-can-be-traced-back-to-the-Han-Dynasty-(206-BC-AD-220).-Traditionally,-people-would-look-up-at

43、-the-sky-and-find-a-bright-star-in-the constellation-Aquila-as-well-as-the-star-Vega,-which-are-identified-as-Niulang-and-Zhinu.-The-two-stars-shine-on-opposite-sides-ofthe-Milky-Way. Customs-In-bygone-days,-Qixi-was-not-only-a-special-day-for-lovers,-but-also-for-girls.-It-is-also-known-as-fhe-&quo

44、t;Begging-for-Skills-Festival"-or “Daughters'-Festival."-In-this-day,-girls-will-throw-a-sewing-needle-into-a-bowl-full-ofwater-on-the-night-ofQixi-as-a-test-ofembroidery-skills.-Iftheneedle-floats-on-top-ofthe-water-instead-of-sinking,-it-proves-the-girl-is-a-skilled-embroiders二Single

45、-women-also-pray-for-finding-a-good-husband-in-thefuture.-And-the-newly-mamed-women-pray-to-become-pregnant-quickly.Tradition-transformed-The-love-story-ofNiulang-and-Zhinu,-and-the-QixiFestival-have-been-handed-down-for-generations.二Yet-these-ancient-traditions-and-customs-are-slowly-dying-out.-Man

46、y-modern-Chinese,-particularly- youngsters,-seem-to-know-more-about-St-Valentine's-Day-on-February-14,-characterized-by-bouquets-ofroses,-chocolates-and-romantic-candlelight= dinners,-than-they-do-about-their-home-grown-day-for-lovers.-Even-Qixi-is-nowadays-referred-to-as-the-"Chinese-Valen

47、tine's-Day."-More-and-more 二 young-Chinese-people-begin-to-celebrate-this-day-in-a-very-similar-way-as-that-in-western-countries.-Fewer-people-than-ever-will-gaze-at-the-heavens on-Saturday-to-pick-out-the-two-stars-shining-bright-on-either-side-ofthe-Milky-Way,-that-is,-ifpeople-even-know-

48、on which-day-Qixi-falls.-There-are ready-reminders-dotted-about,-in-the-form-ofbig-ads-saying-"Sales-on-Chinese-Valentine's-Day!-in-shops,-hotels-and-restaurants.-But-few-youngwomen-will-mark-the-festival-with-their-boyfriends,-or-take-part-in-traditional-activities-to-pray-for-cleverness.A

49、-large-scale-of-exhibition-on-theSilk-Road-opened-to-the-public-in-the-National-Museum-on-Thursday.-The-exhibition-displays-more-than-400-treasures-from-Shaanxi-province,-Gansuprovince-and-14-other-regions.-It-is-largest-scale-exhibition-that-shows-the-history-of-the-Silk-Road-in-recent-years.-AsAPE

50、C is-going-on-in-Beijing,-theexhibit-aims-to-show-the-world-this-brilliant-section-of-history.The-Silk-Road-is-a-series-oftrade-and-cultural-transmission-routes-that-were-central-tocultural-interaction-through-regions-of-the-Asian-continent.-It-connected-the-West-and-East-by-linking-traders,-merchan

51、ts,-pilgrims,-monks,-soldiers,nomads,-and-urban-dwellers-from-China-and-India-to-the-Mediterranean-Sea-during-various-periods-of-time.second-year-I-was-in-my-school-and-it-was-the first-year-when-he-came-here.We-b e-ktI-met-my-dearrru5by-in-2021-theecame-colleagues.二And-there-was-nothing-special-hap

52、peningduring-that-year.-He-was-just-a-kind-and-humble-brother-graduated-from-the-same-college-as-me.-But-we-did-not-know-each-other-till-he-became-my colleague-and-his-office-desk-was-just-in-front-ofme.-There-was-only-a-glass-between-us.-So-actually-we-could-see-each-other when-we-both-look-up.But-

53、it-is-not-the-main-reason-that-really-draws-us-close.-How-we-become-close-to-each-other-was-something-seems-quite-natural.-We-went-out-to-play badminton-with-other-colleagues-and-we-sometimes-chatted-for-a-while.-He-is-a-man-offew-words-but-somehow-sometimes-will-say-something-really humorous.-Then-

54、one-day,-to-my-great-surprise,-I-found-a-pot-ofbeautiful-flower-on-my-desk.-It-was-just-the-flower-I-had-talked-about-with-my colleague-the-other-day,-and-I-thought-it-was-her-who-put-the-flower-there.-But-the-truth-is-not.-It-was-the-humble-guy-sitting-in-front-ofme.-He-justsimply-said-, -well,-I-c

55、aught-sight-of-this-flower-and-thought-that-itwords-and-present.'s-beautiful-and-you-may-like-it.-I-wonder-why-I-was-moved-because-ofthese-simplervrayue 11is-the-sincenty-and-the-true-selfthat-impress-me.-I-thanked-him-and-some-colleagues-walked-past-my-desk-wouldappreciate-the-beautiful-flower-and-they-noticed-that-something-romance-happened-there.-Then-later-on,-there-were-some-little-surprises-once-in-a while.-Once,二there-was-something-wrong-with-my-drawer-and-I-had