定語從句講解(關(guān)系代詞的用法)

1、Un it 1school life Grammar ( 1) 定語從句(Attributive Clause)I根據(jù)初中所學(xué)知識(shí)，請(qǐng)用紅筆標(biāo)出下列表格中的定語前置定語后置定語my booka holiday of seve n daysa seve n-day holidaysometh ing importanta good holidaya country deve loping fasta toy factorya book writte n by Lu Xuna deve loping countrya book to be p ublisheda deve loped countr

2、ya book which was written by J.K. Rowli ngn定語從句的定義及其作用：定語從句是又稱形容詞性從句，在句子中起定語作用，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，有時(shí)也可修飾一 個(gè)句子受定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞.定語從句的作用和作定語的形容詞、介詞詞組、 分詞詞組相似，有時(shí)可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換，例如：金發(fā)女孩可譯作a blonde girl , a girl withblonde hair 或 a girl who has blonde hair。定語從句通常由關(guān)系代詞that/ which/ who/whom/ which/ as或關(guān)系副詞 when/ where/ why引導(dǎo)，這些

3、詞既指代主句中要說明的名詞 或代詞，又充當(dāng)從句中的某個(gè)句子成分。定語從句可分為：限制性定語從句和非限制性 定語從句。定語從句一般都緊跟在它所修飾名詞后面，所以如果在名詞或代詞后面出現(xiàn)一個(gè)從句，根 據(jù)它與前面名詞或代詞的邏輯關(guān)系來判斷是否是定語從句。川定語從句的必備三要素1先行詞2關(guān)系詞This is a book which was written by J.K. Rowling.詞或代詞)relative pron. (as sub. ,obj. , pred.)(that指人或物 / which 指物 / who(m)指人 / whose) relative adv. (as adverb

4、ial)(whe n / where / why)3關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)成分找出下列句中的定語從句；分析定語從句三要素1. You are the right man whom we are looking for.2.1 ve spent all the money that was given by my parents.3. I will never forget the daywhen I joined the party.4. This is the factory where the machines are made.W關(guān)系代詞的用法:關(guān)系代詞例句that在從句 中作主語或 賓語指

5、 物1）A Plane is a machine that can fly .（作主語）2）The noodles （that） Icooked were delicious.（作賓語）指 人1）Who is the man that is reading the book over there ?（作主語）2）The girl （that） we saw yesterday was Jim s sistei（.作賓語）which在從 句中作主語 或賓語指 物1）They plan ted the trees which did n t n eed much waf作 主語）2）The fis

6、h （which） we bought were not fresh.（作賓語）who，whom在從句中分 別作主語或 賓語指 人1） The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.（主語）2） The boy who broke the window is called Tom.（作主語） 3） The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li.（作賓語） 4） Mrs. Read is the person to whom you should write .（作賓語）who

7、se （所 有格）在定 語從句中作 定語指人what is the n ame of the boy whose father is a railway worker?物Please show me the book whose cover is black.V課堂練習(xí)1找出下列各句中的定語從句，并分析其先行詞：1 The fan that you want is on the desk.2 The woma n you saw in the park is our geogra phy teacher.3 Here is the girl whose brother works in thi

8、s shop.4 That s the child whose drawing we were looking at just now.5 This is the boy whose sister is a famous sin ger.2把下列每對(duì)句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句1. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.t study hard.2. The magaz ine is mine. He has take n it away.3. The stude nts will not

9、 p ass the exam. They don4. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.5. The p lay was won derful. We saw it last ni ght.6. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.Grammar (2)I修飾物體時(shí)關(guān)系代詞 that和which的區(qū)分使用that的情況：1. 當(dāng)先行詞是 nothing, something, anything, all, each, little, few, none, the on

10、e 等詞時(shí)。 e.g. Do you have anything that is imp orta nt to tell me?2. 當(dāng)先行詞被 all, any, some, no, not, every, each 等修飾時(shí)。 e.g. I have some books that are very good.3.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。e.g. This is the first book that I bought myself.The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.4.主句是以which或who開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)e.g

11、. Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woma n that was p raised at the meet ing.5.當(dāng)先行詞在從句和主句中都作表語時(shí)，無論先行詞是人還是物e.g. China is no Ion ger the country that she was.6.如有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)已用which引導(dǎo)，另一個(gè)宜用that .e.g. Edis on built up a factory which p roduced things that had n ever bee n see n before.7. 在there

12、 be句型中，只用that.e.g. He asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject.8. 當(dāng)先行詞被 the very, the last, the next, the only 等詞修飾時(shí)。 e.g. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.9.當(dāng)先行詞又有人又有物時(shí)。e.g. I won t forget the things and the persons that I saw.只能使用which的情況。1、非限制性定語從句中。e.g. She lost the ga

13、me, which dep ressed her really.2、在介詞之后。e.g. This is a house in which lives an old man.She has collected 600 sta mps, 60% of which are Germa n sta mps.3、當(dāng)主句中的主語被that修飾時(shí)。e.g. That dog which I found in the street bel ongs to Mary.Fill in the blanks with suitable relative p ronouns.1. This is the only

14、book _ I got last year.2. Is this the book in you are in terested?3. This is the largest animal _ Tom saw in the zoo.4. Rose still remembers the trees and teachers_ exist 存在)in the mother school.5. All the desks _ are bought look really won derful.6. Do you have any moneyis used to build the factory

15、?7. Tom has a toy,was give n by his father.8. This is the sec ond watchmy father bought for me.6 / 5n修飾人時(shí)關(guān)系代詞 that和who, whom的區(qū)分。1.當(dāng)主句中的主語是 who時(shí)，只能用that。e.g. Who is the girl that is sta nding over there?2.在非限制性定語從句中以及介詞后面時(shí)只能用who或者whom。e.g. I have a son, who is really lovely and in teresti ng.There ar

16、e 40 stude nts in the class, most of whom are boys.3.關(guān)系代詞whose既能修飾人，也能修飾物，在定語從句中充當(dāng)定語，修飾先行詞。e.g. She is the girl whose En glish sounds very beautiful.Mary has a very good dog, whose hair tur ns out white and black. Correct mistakes for the following sentences.1. Un der the big tree are 34 stude nts,

17、many of them come from class two.2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.3. Who are the young girls who are hav ing dinner in the restaura nt?4. She is one of the girls who is very in terested in maths.5. Tom is the on ly one of the boys who like p layi ng football.6. Who is the gir

18、l that you talked to her just now?7. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.8. There is an old woma n, that is holdi ng a stick.高考真題1:I saw a wome n running towards me in the dark. Before I could recog nize who she was, she had run back in the direct ionshe had come.A. of which B. by which C. i n whichD. from which簡析：考查介詞+關(guān)系代詞 which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。先行詞為事物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞既可用which，也可用that，但介詞后的關(guān)系代詞卻只能用which。由于詞組為come from