英語語法大全--狀語從句

1、英語語法大全 -狀語從句19.1 地點狀語從句地點狀語從句通常由 where, wherever 引導。Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方樹很多。Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.不管我在哪里我都會想到你。19.1 地點狀語從句地點狀語從句通常由 where, wherever 引導。Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方樹很多。Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.不管我在哪里我都會想到你。19.2 方

2、式狀語從句方式狀語從句通常由 as, (just as so , as if, as though引導。1 as, (just as so 引導的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后,但在 (just as so 結構中位于 句首,這時 as 從句帶有比喻的含義,意思是 " 正如 " , " 就像 " ,多用于正式文體,例如: Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎樣待你,你就要怎樣待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man.我們離不開空氣,猶如魚兒離不開水

3、。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打掃房屋一樣,我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。2 as if, as though兩者的意義和用法相同,引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣,表示與事實相反,有時也 用陳述語氣,表示所說情況是事實或實現的可能性較大。漢譯常作 " 仿佛似的 " , " 好 像似的 " ,例如:They completely ignore these facts as if (as though they never e

4、xisted.他們完全忽略了這些事實,就仿佛它不存在似的。 (與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。 He looks as if (as though he had been hit by lighting.他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。 (與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。 It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看來天氣很快就會好起來。 (實現的可能性較大,謂語用陳述語氣。 說明:as if / as though也可以引導一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語,例如:He stared at me as if seeing me for first

5、time.他目不轉睛地看著我,就像第一次看見我似的。He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子,像要說什么似的。The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波濤沖擊著巖石,好像很憤怒。19.3 原因狀語從句比較:because, since, as和 for1 because 語勢最強,用來說明人所不知的原因,回答 why 提出的問題。當原因是顯而 易見的或已為人們所知,就用 as 或 since 。I didn't go, because I was afraid.Since /

6、As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2 由 because 引導的從句如果放在句末,且前面有逗 號,則可以用 for 來代替。但如果 不是說明直接原因,而是多種情況加以推斷,就只能用 for 。He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.19.4 目的狀語從句表示目的狀語的從句可以由 that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case

7、等詞引導, 例如:You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.19.5 結果狀語從句結果狀語從句常由 so that 或 such that 引導, 掌握這兩個句型, 首先要了解 so 和 such 與其后的詞的搭配規(guī)律。比較:so 和 such其規(guī)律由 so 與 such

8、的不同詞性決定。 such 是形容詞, 修飾名詞或名詞詞組, so 是副詞, 只能修飾形容詞或副詞。 so 還可與表示數量的形容詞 many, few, much, little連用,形成固定搭配。so foolishsuch a foolso nice a flowersuch a nice flowerso many / few flowerssuch nice flowersso much / little money. such rapid progressso many peoplesuch a lot of people(so many 已成固定搭配, a lot of 雖相當于

9、many ,但 a lot of 為名詞性的,只能用 such 搭配。 so that 與 such that 之間的轉換既為 so 與 such 之間的轉換。The boy is so young that he can't go to school.He is such a young boy that he can't go to school19.6 條件狀語從句連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。 .if 引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡 述。unless

10、= if not.Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.典型例題You will be late _ you leave immediately.A. unlessB. untilC. ifD. or答案 A 。 句意:除非你立即走, 否則你就回遲到的。 可轉化為 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late.B 、 D 句意不對, or 表轉折,句子如為 You leav

11、e immediately or you will be late.19.7 讓步狀語從句though, although注意:當有 though, although時,后面的從句不能有 but ,但是 though 和 yet 可連用 Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨,但他們仍在地里干活。He is very old, but he still works very hard.雖然他很老,但仍然努力地工作。Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may

12、remain.傷口雖愈合,但傷疤留下了。 (諺語典型例題1 _she is young, she knows quite a lot.A. WhenB. HoweverC. AlthoughD. Unless答案:C 。意為雖然她很年輕,卻知道許多。2 as, though 引導的倒裝句as / though引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前 (形容詞、 副詞、 分詞、 實義動詞提前 。 Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew wh

13、at was the right thing to do.注意:a. 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。b. 句首是實義動詞,其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語,隨實 義動詞一起放在主語之前。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.= Though he tries hard, he never seems雖然他盡了努力,但他的工作總做的不盡人意。3 ever if, even though.即使We'll make a trip even though the weather is

14、 bad.4 whether or-不管都Whether you believe it or not, it is true.5 "no matter +疑問詞 " 或 " 疑問詞 +后綴 ever"No matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.替換:no matter what = whateverno matter who = whoeverno matter when = wheneverno matter where = wherev

15、erno matter which = whicheverno matter how = however注意:no matter 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。(錯 No matter what you say is of no use now.(對 Whatever you say is of no use now.你現在說什么也沒用了。 (Whatever you say是主語從句 (錯 Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,(對 Prisoners have to eat whatever they're gi

16、ven.囚犯們只能給什么吃什么。19.8 比較 while, when, as1 as, when 引導短暫性動作的動詞。Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.2當從句的動作發(fā)生于主句動作之前,只能用 when 引導這個從句,不可用 as 或 while 。 When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3從句表示 " 隨時間推移 " 連詞能用 as ,不用 when 或 while 。As the day went on

17、, the weather got worse.日子一天天過去,天氣越變越壞。19.9 比較 until 和 till此兩個連詞意義相同。 肯定形式表示的意思是 " 做某事直至某時 " , 動詞必須是延續(xù)性的。 否定形式表達的意思是 " 直至某時才做某事 " 。動詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可 以。 正確使 用這兩個連詞的關鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動詞該用肯定式還是否定式?？隙ň?I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時醒了。Wait till I call you.等著我叫你。(在肯定句中可用 before 代替 Let's g

18、et in the wheat before the sun sets.否定句:She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.她直到 6點才到。Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽車停穩(wěn)后再下車。I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你教我后,我才會做。1Until 可用于句首,而 till 通常不用于句首。Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告訴我以前,出了什么事我一點也不知道。2Until when 疑問句中, until 要放在句首。-Until when are you staying?你呆到什么時候?- Until next Monday.呆到