高中形容詞知識點總結(jié)(課堂PPT)

1、1形容詞adjectiveu形容詞的構(gòu)成u形容詞的位置u形容詞的比較級和最高級u比較等級的用法21. 形容詞的構(gòu)成形容詞的構(gòu)成后綴例子后綴例子名詞+ysunsunnywindwindy加后綴-ishfool-foolishself-selfish加后綴-ablecomfort-comfortableadvise-advisable加后綴-iveexpense-expensiveact-active加后綴-alnation-nationalnature-natural加后綴-fulpower-powerfulpeace-peaceful加后綴-enwood-woodengold-golden加后

2、綴-ousdanger-dangerousfame-famous加后綴-entdiffer-differentinsist-insistent名詞+lyfriend-friendlymonth-monthly1.1 本身即為形容詞的詞：本身即為形容詞的詞：red, glad, nice1.2 加后綴組成的形容詞加后綴組成的形容詞31.3 復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成組成例子組成例子副詞詞干+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working數(shù)詞詞干+名詞+形容詞five-year-old副詞詞干+過去分詞well-educated形容詞詞干+過去分詞ready-made名詞詞干+過去分詞man-made形容

3、詞詞干+名詞-edkind-hearted名詞詞干+現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving形容詞詞干+現(xiàn)在分詞easy-going名詞詞干+形容詞world-famous形容詞詞干+形容詞dark-blue數(shù)詞詞干+名詞five-star其他形式face-to-faceover-all數(shù)詞詞干+名詞-edthree-leggedPS：“名詞+分詞”構(gòu)成的形容詞，究竟是用-ing形式的 分詞，還是用-ed形式的分詞，容易混淆，記住不要看復(fù)合詞本身中的名詞與分詞的關(guān)系，要看復(fù)合詞與被修飾詞的關(guān)系，如peace-loving people。1.4 分詞形容詞分詞形容詞 現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的形容詞修飾事物，常譯為

4、“令人的”過去分詞構(gòu)成的形容詞修飾人，常譯為“感到的”annoying, boring, exciting, frightening, disappointing, discouraging, embarrassingannoyed, bored, excited, frightened, disappointed, discouraged, embarrassed42. 形容詞的位置形容詞的位置限定詞數(shù)量詞形容詞1234567891011冠詞的限定詞（放在冠詞前冠詞/指示代詞/所有格/不定代詞等序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞性質(zhì)狀態(tài)大小/長短/形狀新舊/溫度顏色國籍材料用途/類別bothsuchthe, a(

5、n),your, Tomsthis, that,thesethoseanothersomeanyfirstsecondthirdfourthfifthonetwothreefourfivekindfinegoodsicklargesmallbiglongshortroundoldnewcoolhotredbluewhitegreenChineseEnglishJapaneseAmericaironstonesilkchemicalmedical 當多個形容詞同時出現(xiàn)作定語時，一般按照各形容詞與被修飾詞之間的緊密程度排列，其排列順序如下： 錦囊妙記：限定描述大長高，形狀年齡和新老，顏色國籍出材料

6、，作用類別往后靠。錦囊妙記：限定描述大長高，形狀年齡和新老，顏色國籍出材料，作用類別往后靠。53. 形容詞的比較級和最高級形容詞的比較級和最高級構(gòu)成原級比較級最高級一般加一般加-er和和-eststrongstrongerstrongest以字母以字母e結(jié)尾只加結(jié)尾只加-r，-stlatelaterlatest以一個以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)音節(jié)，雙寫這一輔音字母后再，雙寫這一輔音字母后再加加-er，-estgladhotthingladderhotterthinnergladdesthottestthinnest以以“輔音字母輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，結(jié)尾的詞，將將y變

7、為變?yōu)閕，再加，再加-er，-estangrymerryuglyearlyangriermerrieruglierearlierangriestmerriestugliestearliest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在，在詞前加詞前加more或或mostenthusiasticmore enthusiasticmost enthusiastic3.1 規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化 以以“元音字母元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，結(jié)尾的詞，y不變，再加不變，再加-er，-estgraygrayergrayest有少數(shù)幾個雙音節(jié)以及以有少數(shù)幾個雙音節(jié)以及以-er以以及及-le結(jié)尾的詞，有兩種形式結(jié)尾

8、的詞，有兩種形式common cleversimplecommoner/ more commoncleverer/ more cleversimpler/ more simple“劣等劣等”比較，在比較，在adj原型前加原型前加less/leastkindusefulless kindless usefulleast kindleast useful復(fù)合式形容詞比較等級復(fù)合式形容詞比較等級well-knownbetter-knownbest-known63.2 不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化 原級good wellbadilllittlemuchmanyfaroldlate比較級betterworsel

9、essmorefartherfurtherolderelderlater最高級bestworstleastmostfarthestfurthestoldesteldestlatest1、older/elder oldest/ eldest1.1 Older，oldest指時間、年齡、年代的長短、救援，既可指人，又可指物。1.2 Elder，eldest指家庭成員的長幼順序。2、farther/further farthest/furthest2.1 farther，farthest表示距離的遠（）2.2 further， furthest表示程度71）肯定句中常用“as+原級形容詞+as”的結(jié)

10、構(gòu)：Marys spoken English is as good as mine.2）在否定句中，既可用asas結(jié)構(gòu)，也可用soas結(jié)構(gòu)：My handwriting is not as/so beautiful as yours.3）如若第一個as后的形容詞作定語修飾名詞，應(yīng)將名詞及有關(guān)修飾語全列在第一個as之后，常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)如下：as + adj. + a/an + 單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞 + asThe girl has as sweet a voice as the nightingaleas + adj. + 不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞 + asHe gave as valuable adv

11、ice as you did.as many + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + as ；as much + 不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞 + as He spent as much time playing games as he did studying his lessons.We have produced as many computers as we did last year.as much + (a/an) + 名詞名詞 + asIt is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.4. 比較等級的

12、用法比較等級的用法4.1 原級比較，即甲=乙時 PS：as+形容詞形容詞+as+數(shù)量詞數(shù)量詞+名詞名詞=數(shù)量詞數(shù)量詞+名詞名詞+形容詞形容詞，如：The rare plant is as tall as 10 meters.= The rare plant is 10 meters tall.英語中有些看似是同級比較的結(jié)構(gòu)，實際上它們是一些習(xí)慣用語，如：as long as, as soon as, as well as, as good as(=very nearly), asas possible, as far as8組合搭配表示內(nèi)容例句比較級比較級+and+比較級比較級事物本身程度的逐

13、漸增長，意為“越來越”My English is improving. It is getting better and better.the+比較級比較級+，the+比較級比較級+一方的程度隨著另一方的程度平行增長，意為“越（就）越” The older you grow, the wiser youll become.not+比較級比較級+than； no+比較級比較級+than一方不如一方；前者和后者一樣都不My French is not better than yours.My French is no better than yours.no more than； not more

14、 than=only，不過，僅僅；=at most，最多The first prize winner is no more than 10 years old.The first prize winner is not more than 10 years old.no less +原級原級+than； not less +原級原級+than=as+原級+as，和一樣=perhaps+比較級+than，至少不比差；也許比更He is no less busy than a bee.=He is as busy as a bee.He is not less busy than his elde

15、r brother.=He is perhaps busier than his elder brother. no less than； not less than=as much/many as，和一樣；=at least，最少He has no less than 5 dogs.=He has as many as 5 dogs.He has not less than 5 dogs=He has at least 5 dogs. morethan與其，不如He is more my friend than my teacher.the+比較級比較級+of the two兩個中比較的Th

16、e taller of the two boys is my brother.by表示相差的程度She is taller than I by 3 inches.many more； much more只能修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式；既可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可構(gòu)成比較級many more workersmuch more money, much more important4.2 比較級的一些特殊用法比較級的一些特殊用法9最高級的用法 1、表示三者或三者以上程度最高，句式為：the+adj最高級+（n）+表示范圍的短語或從句 This is the oldest theater in London.

17、Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world. PS: (1) a most=十分、非常，表示程度，=very Last week we has a most heated discussion on this topic. (2)如果在一定的地域空間內(nèi)進行比較用in，如果在同一類事物范圍內(nèi)進行比較用of。 China is the largest country in Asia. China is the largest one of all the Asian countries.10 2、比較級形式表達最高級意思。 2.1 比較級+

18、than any other Rose is taller than any other girl in her class. Rose is taller than the other girl in her class. Rose is taller than the rest of the girls in her class. Rose is the tallest girl in her class. Rose is the tallest of the girls in her class. No girl is taller than Rose in her class. 2.2 “否定詞+比較級” I have never heard a better voice than yours.=Your voice is the best voice that I have ever heard. 2.3 最高級的修飾詞，常用的有序數(shù)詞以及much,（by）,far