高中動(dòng)詞不定式的用法(課堂PPT)

1、定義定義不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非限定形式不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非限定形式, ,由由 “to+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形” 構(gòu)成，沒有人稱和構(gòu)成，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中不能獨(dú)立作謂語。數(shù)的變化，在句中不能獨(dú)立作謂語。但不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特但不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句中可以作征，在句中可以作主語、賓語、補(bǔ)足語、主語、賓語、補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語、狀語表語、定語、狀語等。等。一一. 不定式在句中的功能不定式在句中的功能1. 作主語作主語:眼見為實(shí)眼見為實(shí).To see is to believe.為避免句子出現(xiàn)為避免句子出現(xiàn) “頭重腳輕頭重腳輕”現(xiàn)象，常用現(xiàn)象，常用it 做形式主語，將真正主

2、語的不定式后置。做形式主語，將真正主語的不定式后置。要學(xué)好英語不是那么容易的。要學(xué)好英語不是那么容易的。e.g. It is not easy to learn English well.2. 作賓語作賓語她喜歡談?wù)撨@件事情。她喜歡談?wù)撨@件事情。e.g. She loves to talk about the matter.他希望不久能找到工作。他希望不久能找到工作。He hopes to find a job soon.他答應(yīng)不把這事告訴任何人。他答應(yīng)不把這事告訴任何人。He promised not to tell anyone about it.4I want to go home.Th

3、e workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.think/consider/feel/find it + adj.+ to do 5點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：在在find feel think consider + it + adj+ to do sth句型中，句型中，it是形式賓語是形式賓語, 真正的賓語是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。真正的賓語是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。I found it very difficult to get a job. (it為形式賓語為形式賓語)如：如： The man do

4、wnstairs found it difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the text6巧記動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語歌訣：巧記動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語歌訣： 想要拒絕莫忘記想要拒絕莫忘記 （want, refuse, forget） 需要努力就學(xué)習(xí)需要努力就學(xué)習(xí) （need, try, learn） 喜歡幫助加同意喜歡幫助加同意 （like help agree ） 希望決定后開始希望決定后開始 （hope, decide, begin, start）7點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：點(diǎn)擊規(guī)律：有些動(dòng)詞后面除接不定式外有些動(dòng)詞后面除接不定式外, 還可以接動(dòng)名詞還可

5、以接動(dòng)名詞, 意意思區(qū)別不大。思區(qū)別不大。提示板：提示板： doing指經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作指經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作，而，而 to do指一次性的動(dòng)作指一次性的動(dòng)作。I like swimming，but I dont like to swim now我喜歡游泳我喜歡游泳, 但我現(xiàn)在不想游。但我現(xiàn)在不想游。 beginstart to do sth beginstart doing sth 8 后面只接動(dòng)名詞做賓的動(dòng)詞后面只接動(dòng)名詞做賓的動(dòng)詞 實(shí)踐完成聽建議實(shí)踐完成聽建議 practice finish suggest 習(xí)慣繼續(xù)別放棄習(xí)慣繼續(xù)別放棄 be used to keep on give up 喜歡思念忙介

6、意喜歡思念忙介意 enjoy miss be busy mind 不禁考慮會(huì)想你不禁考慮會(huì)想你 cant help consider feel like 92) 思考思考: 巧記哪些動(dòng)名詞與不定式的動(dòng)詞巧記哪些動(dòng)名詞與不定式的動(dòng)詞意思有較大的區(qū)別？意思有較大的區(qū)別？記住要努力記住要努力，（，（remember want try )需要?jiǎng)e忘記需要?jiǎng)e忘記； (need forget )后悔沒盡力后悔沒盡力， ( regret try )意思要停止意思要停止。 ( mean require stop ) 返回10 1. remember to do sth 記住要做某事記住要做某事 You must

7、 remember to lock the door when you leave 2. remember doing sth 記得曾做過某事記得曾做過某事 I remember locking the front door 3. forget to do sth 忘記要做某事忘記要做某事 He forgot to do his homework yesterday 4. forget doing sth 忘記曾做過某事忘記曾做過某事 I forgot saying this thing to you 5. try to do sth 努力做某事努力做某事 He tries to answer

8、 each question 6. try doing sth 試著做某事試著做某事 I tried singing an English song 11 7. mean to do sth 打算做某事打算做某事 We mean to travel abroad next year 我們明年打算去國外旅行 8. mean doing sth 意味著意味著 It means waiting for him another hour 這意味著要再等一個(gè)小時(shí)這意味著要再等一個(gè)小時(shí) 9. stop to do sth 停下來去做另一件事停下來去做另一件事 Stop to have a rest if

9、you are tired 10. stop doing sth 停止做某事停止做某事 Although it rained heavily , the farmers didnt stop working in the field 雖然雨下得很大，農(nóng)民們卻沒有停雖然雨下得很大，農(nóng)民們卻沒有停止在田間勞動(dòng)止在田間勞動(dòng)12 11. regret to do sth 對(duì)現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事表示“遺憾遺憾” We regret to inform you that you owe the bank $ 100 我們很遺憾地通知你，你欠銀行我們很遺憾地通知你，你欠銀行100美元美元 12.

10、regret doing sth 對(duì)發(fā)生過的事表示對(duì)發(fā)生過的事表示“后悔后悔” He regretted playing computer games.他后悔玩電腦游戲他后悔玩電腦游戲 13. go on to do sth 做完一件事后繼續(xù)做另外一件不同的事做完一件事后繼續(xù)做另外一件不同的事 14. go on doing sth繼續(xù)做原來所做的同一件事繼續(xù)做原來所做的同一件事 你記得哪一條路到那兒嗎？你記得哪一條路到那兒嗎？ Do you remember which way to get there? 下一步干什么你決定了嗎下一步干什么你決定了嗎? Have you decided wh

11、at to do next? 我來問他怎么樣開這機(jī)器。我來問他怎么樣開這機(jī)器。 Ill ask him how to operate the machine.1) 不定式有時(shí)和連接代詞不定式有時(shí)和連接代詞/副詞構(gòu)成賓語。副詞構(gòu)成賓語。2) 有時(shí)不定式由有時(shí)不定式由whether引起。引起。 I didnt know whether to laugh or cry about it.3) feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider 等動(dòng)詞后如果是不定式做賓語，等動(dòng)詞后如果是不定式做賓語， 補(bǔ)語是形容詞補(bǔ)語是形容詞(間或是名詞間或是名詞)，常

12、用，常用it作形作形 式賓語，把不定式后移。式賓語，把不定式后移。 I find it difficult to work with him.She asked me to stay there.Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.Father will not allow us to play on the street.My brother asked me to clean the room with him.3. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語作賓語補(bǔ)足語: 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+賓語賓語+帶帶to的不定式的不定式 常帶常帶 to 的不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有

13、的不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有: ask, beg, prefer, help, promise, wish, want, expect, permit, request, allow, command, tell, invite, cause, encourage, warn, advise, persuade, force, order, remind, teach, 等等.在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中, 下列動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)下列動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)省略省略to: “五看五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)“三使三使”(make, l

14、et, have) “兩聽兩聽”(hear, listen to)“一感覺一感覺”(feel)。e.g. Who made him work all night long? The policeman saw a child play in the street. Dont make the children do such heavy work. Shall I have him come here?但是但是, 改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)后改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)后, 應(yīng)補(bǔ)出省略的應(yīng)補(bǔ)出省略的to。e.g. He was seen to break the window.The policeman saw a chi

15、ld play in the street. A child was seen to play in the street by the policeman.4. 作表語作表語不定式可用作表語，說明主語的具體內(nèi)容。不定式可用作表語，說明主語的具體內(nèi)容。My work is to clean the room every day.我的夢想是成為一名醫(yī)生。我的夢想是成為一名醫(yī)生。His dream is to be a doctor.我的工作是幫助病人。我的工作是幫助病人。My job is to help the patient 5. 作定語作定語不定式放在被修飾的名詞、代詞后面，往往不定式放在

16、被修飾的名詞、代詞后面，往往表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。I have a lot of work to do.She is the first student to come to school.I have some books for you to read. She is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about. 6. 作狀語作狀語目的狀語目的狀語: 常用的結(jié)構(gòu)常用的結(jié)構(gòu)to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such as to do, etc.I co

17、me here to say good-bye to you.結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語: 常與常與only , enough 或或too連用。連用。He studied hard only to fail the exam.He is old enough to go to school.原因狀語原因狀語: 一般用在句尾一般用在句尾Im glad to see you.She wept to see the sight.二二. 不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)多由不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)多由“not +不定式不定式”構(gòu)成，構(gòu)成， 否定副詞否定副詞 not, never, seldom, h

18、ardly 等要置于等要置于to前。前。請(qǐng)告訴你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。請(qǐng)告訴你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。Please tell your child not to play in the street.她檢查名字為了不犯錯(cuò)誤。她檢查名字為了不犯錯(cuò)誤。She checked the names so as not to make mistakes.三三. 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)：不定式的時(shí)態(tài)： 一般時(shí)一般時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作表示的動(dòng)作, 有時(shí)與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的有時(shí)與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的 動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生, 有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的 動(dòng)作之后。動(dòng)作之后。 He seems to know thi

19、s.他似乎知道這事。他似乎知道這事。 I hope to see you again. 我希望再見到你。我希望再見到你。2. 完成時(shí)完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的 動(dòng)作之前。動(dòng)作之前。 很抱歉給了你這么多麻煩。很抱歉給了你這么多麻煩。 Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.Practice She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. restin

20、g C. to rest D. rest2. Were planning _ a party next week. A. to have B. have C. having D. had C A 3. -Which do you prefer _ your weekends, fishing or watching TV? -Neither. A. Spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend4. Did you find out _ the pie out of the oven? A. When to take B. to take C. hav

21、e taken D. being takenB A 5. _ get a complete picture, further information is needed. A. In order that B. In order to C. Being D. To have 6. Its necessary _ some English grammar. A. for students to learn B. for students learning C. of students to learn D. of students learningB A 7. I ought to _ him

22、the news, but I forgot to do so. A. remember to tell B. remember telling C. have remembered to tell D. have remembered tellingC 高考鏈接高考鏈接1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. ( (2008全國全國I卷卷) ) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathedB 2. Did th

23、e book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008北京卷北京卷) A. to find B. find C. to finding D. findingA 4. _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (2008湖南卷湖南卷) A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete5. If there is a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished. (2008上海卷上海卷) A. to do B. to be doing