初三英語復(fù)習(xí)句子成分及其句子種類人教版+朗文

1、初三英語初三英語復(fù)習(xí)句子成分及其句子種類復(fù)習(xí)句子成分及其句子種類人教版朗文人教版朗文【同步教育信息同步教育信息】一. 本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容： 復(fù)習(xí)句子成分及其句子種類一. 組成句子的各部分叫做句子成分。句子的成分有：主語、謂語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。二. 句子最基本的結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語謂語 主語：在句子中的位置是放在句首：可以作主語的詞類有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式以及詞組、從句等等。 e.g. The boys are playing football now. 名詞作主語 Two and two are four. 數(shù)詞作主語 To learn a foreign language is v

2、ery useful. 動詞不定式作主語 This is a key. 代詞作主語。 謂語：謂語放在主語之后，動詞作謂語，包括及物動詞，不及物動詞，系動詞。 e.g. The students are reading books. 動詞作謂語 表語：放在謂語之后，結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語謂語（系動詞）表語 用作表語的詞有名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，詞組，從句等等。 e.g. We are students. 名詞作表語 This desk is hers. 代詞作表語 Lee is fifteen. 數(shù)詞作表語 Sarahs car looks nice. 形容詞作表語 Our plan is

3、 to plant trees. 動詞不定式作表語 Is your father in? 表示地點(diǎn)的副詞作表語 賓語：賓語放在謂語之后，結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語謂語（及物動詞）賓語，賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語，直接賓語指物，間接賓語指人。 e.g. Please pass me the salt. 間接賓語 直接賓語 用作賓語的詞有：名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，不定式短語，名詞性的形容詞或從句。 e.g. Do you need any help? 名詞作賓語 Would you like to help me? 代詞作賓語 He bought ten oranges. 數(shù)詞作賓語 The teacher want

4、s to take these chairs out of the room. 動詞不定式作賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語：在句子中放在賓語之后，結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語謂語（及物動詞）賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語 可以用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的詞有：名詞，形容詞，不定式和分詞。名詞或者代詞形容詞/名詞/不定式/分詞 e.g. The good news made me happy. 形容詞作賓補(bǔ) Did you hear her sing just now? 動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ) I saw him cleaning the window yesterday. 分詞作賓補(bǔ) Let us have a rest. 不定式短語作賓補(bǔ) 狀語：一般放在

5、句尾，有時(shí)放句首或句中。作狀語的詞有：副詞，介詞短語、詞組，不定式短語，分詞短語以及從句。 e.g. Immediately he started to sing. 副詞放句首，作狀語 Im never late. 副詞放句中作狀語 He drives fast. 副詞放句尾作狀語。 Please park the car in front of the building. 介詞短詞作狀語放句尾 They went to Shanghai to have a meeting. 動詞不定式作狀語 Jack watched TV day and night. 詞組作狀語 定語：請記住有名詞或代詞的

6、地方都可以有定語。一般情況下單個(gè)的名詞，代詞，形容詞放在所修飾的名詞之前，而詞組、短語、從句要放在所修飾的名詞之后。 可以用作定語的詞有：形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞或名詞所有格、介詞短語，不定式短語，詞組，分詞短語和從句。 e.g. Ben is an old man. 形容詞用作定語，放在名詞之前。 Do you want another cake? 代詞用作定語放在所修飾的名詞前 The girl asked her mother two questions. 數(shù)詞用作定語放在所修飾的名詞之前。 The worker put the flowers in a paper bag. 名詞用作定

7、語放在所修飾的名詞之前。 Whos the man over there? 介詞短語作定語放在所修飾的名詞之后。 Could you bing me something to drink, please? 動詞不定式作定語，放在不定代詞之后。 The plane that can fly is a machine. 從句用作定語放在所修飾的名詞之后。三. 句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：簡單句，并列句和復(fù)合句 首先看簡單句的五種基本句型 （1）主語謂語（不及物動詞） e.g. Summer is coming. （2）主語謂語（連系動詞）表語。 e.g. You are very busy. （3）主語謂語（及物

8、動詞）賓語 e.g. Mr Liu teaches English. （4）主語謂語（及物動詞）賓語賓語 e.g. Mum gave me a dictionary. = Mum gave a dictionary to me. （5）主語謂語（及物動詞）賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語 e.g. Lina asked him to go shopping together. We call him “Uncle Wang” The students watched the teacher doing the experiment. 并列句： 并列句由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句構(gòu)成。常用的并列連詞有：and, bu

9、t, or, so, not only but also, both and 等等。 e.g. John got up late, so he had to go to school without breakfast. 約翰起床晚了，所以只好不吃早飯而上學(xué)。 Hurry up, or, youll be late. 快點(diǎn)兒，否則要遲到了。 We like not only music but also art. 我們不但喜歡音樂，而且也喜歡藝術(shù)。 復(fù)合句： 復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句構(gòu)成。根據(jù)從句在句中的成分可以稱為主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，定語從句，狀語從句和同位語從句。 e.

10、g. Whether he will come or not is not known. 他是否會來還不知道。（主語從句） It is not known whether he will come or not. That is what I should do. 這是我的本份。（表語從句） He asked me where Mr Pope lived. 他問我 Pope 先生住在哪里。（賓語從句） The idea that we asked Mike to come yesterday is quite good. 昨天我們請邁克來，這個(gè)主意太好了。（同位語從句） This is the

11、 room where I live last summer. 這就是我去年夏天住過的房間。（定語從句） Hell telephone his mother as soon as he gets there. 他只要一到那兒，就會給母親打電話。（時(shí)間狀語從句） Wherever there is smoke, there is fire. 無風(fēng)不起浪。（地點(diǎn)狀語從句） Jean didnt go to work because she was ill. Jean 因病沒有上班。（原因狀語從句） If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the Science

12、 Museum. 如果明天不下雨，我們就去科學(xué)博物館。（條件狀語從句） Mr King spoke slowly so that everyone could understand him. 金先生將慢慢講以使每個(gè)人都聽懂他的話。（目的狀語從句） He is so clever that all the teachers like him. 他是那么聰明，所有的老師都喜歡他。（結(jié)果狀語從句） Although he was tired, he went on working. 雖然他累了，但他還在繼續(xù)工作。（讓步狀語從句） This film is more instructive than

13、that one. 這部電影比那部有教育意義。（比較狀語從句） 細(xì)分狀語從句也有不少可以引導(dǎo)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，請同學(xué)們仔細(xì)閱讀初三英語書第 232 頁狀語從句中的語法內(nèi)容。四. 句子的種類： 句子可以分為 4 類：陳述句、疑問句，祈使句和感嘆句。 陳述句：說明一個(gè)事實(shí)或者陳述說話人的看法。陳述句包括肯定句和否定句。 e.g. One day a tiger came out of the forest. He hasnt had lunch yet. 疑問句：提出問題。在英語中疑問句可以分為四種：一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。 1. 一般疑問句，用 yes 或者 no 回答的疑問句，

14、用升調(diào)。 e.g. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. No, I am not. Did she like swimming when she was young? Yes, she did. No, she didnt. 2. 特殊疑問句：用疑問詞引導(dǎo)的疑問句，不能用 yes 或者 no 回答，用降調(diào)。 疑問代詞有：who, whom, whose, what, which 疑問副詞有：when, where, why, how 還有：how many, how much, how old, how long, how far, how soon, how often

15、, how tall, how high, what / which / whose 名詞 e.g. Whose computer is it? Its mine. When do you usually get up every morning? 3. 選擇疑問句：提出兩個(gè)答案供選擇回答，前一部分和一般疑問句差不多，后一部分用or 連接需要提問的并列部分。 前部分用升降，后部分用降調(diào)，回答較靈活。 e.g. Which country do you like better, China or India? China. Are you going to work or stay at hom

16、e? Im going to work. 4. 反意問句：反意問句一般分兩部分，前一部分是陳述句，后一部分是與前一部分意思相反的簡短問句，用逗號隔開。 前一部分用升調(diào)，后一部分如果表示疑問，就用升調(diào)。如果只表示強(qiáng)調(diào)某種意思則用降調(diào)。 前一部分用肯定，后一部分用否定。前一部分用否定，后一部分就用肯定。 回答時(shí) yes, no 要與事實(shí)取得一致。 e.g. David is good at maths, isnt he? Yes, he is. 大衛(wèi)擅長數(shù)學(xué)，是嗎？是的。 Kim hasnt been to the U.S.A, has she? Yes, she has. No, she has

17、nt. 不，她去過了。是的，她還沒去過。 祈使句：表示命令、請求、號召等的句子。祈使句通常不表示出主語。 肯定句將動詞原形放在句首。 否定句以 Dont 動詞原形 e.g. Open your books, please. Dont talk in class. Listen to me carefully. 感嘆句：表示說話時(shí)的驚異，喜悅氣氛等情緒的句子。感嘆句通常有兩種，由 what 或者 how 修飾。感嘆句句尾要用感嘆號，用降調(diào)。 what 修飾名詞，how 修飾形容詞或副詞。 結(jié)構(gòu)：What形容詞名詞主語謂語 e.g. What a nice day it is! What deli

18、cious food! How形容詞或者副詞主語謂語 e.g. How beautiful the flowers are! How fast Jim runs! 重點(diǎn)注意：一般疑問句和特殊疑問句的語序倒裝語序。 一般疑問句將助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、連系動詞放在主語之前。 e.g. Is this a book? Are there any books on the table? Do you watch TV at night? Did he finish his homework yesterday? Will they see a film tomorrow? Have these watch

19、es been repaired by him? 特殊疑問句將疑問代詞或者疑問副詞放句首，后面跟著一般疑問句語序。只是在需要提問主語部分時(shí)，換成疑問代詞，其它部分不變。 e.g. Mei Mei sings well. Who sings well? I am drawing a horse. What are you drawing? He lives in Australia. Where does he live? 切記：在反意疑問句中如果前一部分中含有 no, never, hardly, little, few 等詞時(shí)，這一部分就表示否定，后一部分要用肯定。 e.g. You nev

20、er go to school by bus, do you? Mary has few friends, has / does she? 反意問句部分的時(shí)態(tài)，以及主、謂語要與主句一致。 請同學(xué)們注意下面的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)： A. how far, how soon, how long, how often 在特殊疑問句中的區(qū)別。 how far 指距離： How far is it from here to your home? 從這兒到你家有多遠(yuǎn)？ how long 指時(shí)間長短： How long have you studied English? Three years. 你們學(xué)英語多長時(shí)間了？

21、三年了。 how soon 指多久，用于將來時(shí)態(tài)： How soon will you be ready? Ill be ready in two hours. 你要多久才能準(zhǔn)備好？我要 2 個(gè)小時(shí)后才能準(zhǔn)備好。 how often：問頻度，多少時(shí)間一次： How often do you go to the zoo? Once a year. 你多久去一次動物園？每年一次。 B. how many名詞復(fù)數(shù)一般疑問句語序 e.g. How many students are there in your school? How many times has he been to the Grea

22、t Wall? C. 當(dāng)反意問句前一部分有 I dont think / believe 時(shí)，反意問句部分的主語、謂語和從句一致。 e.g. I dont think Mr Wang will come, will he? D. 祈使句的反意問句，后面要加一個(gè)簡短問句，使語氣更委婉。 e.g. Lets have a rest, shall we? 讓我們休息一會兒，好嗎？ Let him go, will you? 讓他走，怎么樣？ Close the door, will you? 關(guān)上門，好嗎？ Dont make so much noise, will you? 別吵鬧，行不行？【模擬

23、試題模擬試題】I. 選擇填空： 1. There _ a lot of orange juice in the bottle. Would you like some? A. isB. areC. amD. be 2. Do you often play basketball? Yes, usually _ Saturday afternoon. A. inB. onC. atD. to 3. Mrs Smith teaches _ history, we all like her. A. weB. usC. ourD. ours 4. Do you cook at home? Yes, bu

24、t not so _ as my sister. A. goodB. betterC. wellD. best 5. Where is Peter, do you know? He _ Aunt Ying look after the baby. A. helpsB. helped C. was helpingD. is helping 6. Who was not here yesterday ? The headmaster. _ she was ill and had to go to hospital. A. BecauseB. IfC. ThoughD. When 7. Shall

25、we begin class now? One moment, please. Ive got _ important to say before class. A. somethingB. anything C. everythingD. nothing 8. Thank you for _ me the news. Not at all. A. tellB. to tell C. tellingD. you told 9. What _ good weather! Lets have a game in the yard. A. anB. aC. theD. / 10. How old i

26、s Sam? He looks _ than Jack, but they are of the same age. A. youngB. younger C. too youngD. the youngest 11. You wont go to the Summer Palace tomorrow. _ will I. A. AlsoB. TooC. NeitherD. Either 12. Do you enjoy your life here, Mr Durham? Yes, of course, though I _ here for only two weeks. A. stayB

27、. am staying C. had stayedD. have stayed 13. We are in class. Youd better _. A. not talkB. not to talk C. not talkingD. dont talk 14. Does autumn last long in Beijing? No. It usually _ from September to November. A. lastedB. lasts C. is lastingD. will last 15. How _ is the small town? Only a few kil

28、ometers from here. A. longB. oftenC. farD. much 16. Here is a _ of my school. Oh, its very large. Is this your main building? A. bookB. map C. pictureD. paper 17. Where do you live in Melbourne? Let me _ you on the map. A. giveB. teachC. bringD. show 18. Chris asked me if _ any English before I came

29、 to London. A. I learnedB. I will learn C. did I learnD. will I learn 19. Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the Beijing Zoo? Sorry, I dont know. Ask the policeman. He _ know. A. mustB. shouldC. mayD. can 20. What is paper made from? It _ from wood. A. makesB. is making C. madeD. is madeII. 完形填

30、空： From the other side of the road he saw the only lighted window on the third floor go black. His eyes came down to the big door, the entrance to the building. The light came warmly through there into the cold of the evening. After a little time a girl passed 1 the door, stopped at the top of the s

31、teps and pulled her coat close round her. He 2 her come down the steps, turn to the left and disappear along the road. He crossed the 3 , then went past the main entrance, turned at the corner of the building and went in at a 4 door. There stood the stairs. He climbed up to the third floor. Then he

32、5 open a small door. He came out into a brightly lit passage. At the end of the passage there was a door; on a plate on the door he 6 read“Mrs. Walter Countenay. ” He turned the handle and went in. That door was 7 locked because the old lady didnt want to be locked in. If she rang for somebody, she

33、didnt want to come and open the door. The room was dark. He went in and shut the door behind him. A 8 said, “Who is that? ”It was the first time he had heard her talking, and it was very much 9 he had expected. He said, “Never mind who I am, and dont be 10 . Im not going to hurt you, ”He went forwar

34、d and sat down on a chair by the big desk. There was 11 light in the room from the street outside, and he could see her sitting there on the other side of the desk. She was 12 up her hands a little and he saw that she had been knitting （編織）when he entered the room. “Well, ”she said, “What do you wan

35、t? ” “They key to your safe（保險(xiǎn)柜）”, he answered. 1. A. overB. throughC. aroundD. into 2. A. watchedB. heardC. helpedD. felt 3. A. riverB. buildingC. roadD. square 4. A. frontB. backC. sideD. garden 5. A. keptB. knockedC. brokeD. pushed 6. A. wouldB. shouldC. mightD. could 7. A. neverB. oftenC. usuall

36、yD. always 8. A. soundB. voiceC. shoutD. noise 9. A. asB. thanC. thatD. what 10. A. sadB. excitedC. afraidD. angry 11. A. a lot ofB. a littleC. someD. no 12. A. puttingB. gettingC. pickingD. holdingIII. 閱讀理解： Jim Carrey has become one of the most famous faces in the world. He was born in a working c

37、lass family in New Market, Ontario, Canada on January 17, 1962. His family was very poor. Life was hard for young Jim Carrey. While in his teens, he had to work because his father lost his job. He didnt have enough time for school. At last he dropped out of school. Yet one good thing came out of it,

38、 He developed a very good sense of humor. He didnt have any friends at that time. He was very busy. Between school and work he didnt have enough time to live like a normal child. He felt lonely, At 15, he had enough time to start performing at York Yuks, a famous Toronto comedy club. Then he moved t

39、o Los Angeles and performed there. Jim Carrey became famous for the first time in 1990. He played a part on a new comedy show called In Living Colour. The other actors were all African Americans. Carrey was the only white man. While there, he learned how to act like many different people. He got int

40、o feature film（長片）in one successful year 1994. It was the Year of the Funny Face. First there was Det Detective. Next came The Mask. Jim Carrey was in the spotlight （公眾注意中心）now. Since that famous year Carrey has slowed down a bit. His films have come out less often but have continued to make waves.

41、There was Betman Forever, next came Liar, Liar. The film was big success. He was on top of the world. Then came The Truman Show. The film showed the world that Jim Carrey was more than just a funny face. Carrey has come a long way from his hard childhood. In fact he seems to be living a second child

42、hood now. Canada has been producing fine comedic actors for years, and Jim Carrey is surely the best one. 1. Jim Carrey developed a very good sense of humor because _. A. he didnt have to go to school. B. he started performing in comedies C. the comedy club taught him a lot D. Canada produced a lot

43、of comedic actors 2. When did Jim Carrey form his own way to perform? A. When he was fifteen B. When he played a part in In Living C. After he got into feature films Colour D. After he became successful in The Mask. 3. Which of the following sentences is not true? A. It took Jim Carrey very hard wor

44、k to become famous. B. 1994 was the most important year on Jim Carreys way to success. C. Now Jim Carreys films are not as successful as they were. D. Jim Carrey is thought to be the best comedic actor. IV. 按照所給中文意思完成下列各句： 1. 你的汽車怎么啦？ _ your car? 2. 孩子們正在忙著澆花。 The children are busy _. 3. Helen 年紀(jì)太小不

45、能上學(xué)。 _ to go to school. 4. 人一到齊我們就出發(fā)。 Well start as soon as _ 5. 你愿意和他們一起去野營嗎？ _ to go camping with them? V. 補(bǔ)全對話： （Mrs Green is in a shop. She wants to buy a T-shirt for her son. ） A: Good morning, madam. Can I help you? B: 1 . A: Here are T-shirts for boys. 2 B: Size L. He is a tall boy. He likes

46、cotton T-shirts. A: 3 . Its made in China. B: OK, let me have a look. 4 . A: 280 yuan. Its popular with young people. B: But Im afraid its a little more expensive and I dont like the colour. A: Do you like this black one? Its only 108 yuan. B: Hmm, it looks nice. 5 Thank you. VI. 用方框中所給單詞或詞組的適當(dāng)形式填空。

47、many, as soon as, have a rest, the other, late, catch, family, for, hold, who 1. _ is the tallest boy in your school? Li Tong. 2. We are very tired. Lets stop _. 3. Are there _ students in your school? 4. She will give the book to me _ she comes back. 5. Im not feeling well. Perhaps I _ a cold. 6. I have two sisters. One is a teacher, _ is a worker.