定語從句中關(guān)系副詞的用法

1、定語從句中關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞，是聯(lián)系先行詞和定語從句的詞，屬于副詞。定語從句中的關(guān)系副詞有三個：when, wheref口 why,它們在定語從句中分別作時間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語。其句法結(jié)構(gòu)如下：1 .表時間的名詞+ when + 定語從句when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。例句： I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.I ll never forget the day when I joined the army.2 .表地點(diǎn)的名詞+ where + 定語從句where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。例句： The f

2、actory where his father works is in the west of the city.This is the house where I lived two years ago.3 .表原因的名詞reason + why +定語從句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定語從句中,在定語從句中作原因狀語。)例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(現(xiàn)代英語中 why 可以省略)上句也可以這樣表示：That is the reason I did the job.又如： This was the reason (why )we

3、raised the temperature.關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中的用法看似簡單，以下注意點(diǎn)不可忽視：1) “when”、“where和“why”的運(yùn)用取就于表時間的名詞、表地點(diǎn) 的名詞和表原因的名詞reason在定語從句中所作的成分，比較下面的幾組句子：* I will never forget the day when I first met you on the beach.* I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School.* *This is the hospital

4、where my mother works.* *This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday.* *The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.* *This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替換成“介詞 + which”，介詞的選用取就于先行詞和定語從句中的動詞。例如：Do you still re

5、member the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when)This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Mary s birthday party. (for which=why)有時定語從句中介詞短語和動詞有意義緊密的修飾關(guān)系，尤其在非限制性定語從句中，常使用 “介詞 + which” 結(jié)構(gòu)， 而不使用關(guān)系副詞。例如：My mother work

6、s in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.編輯版 wordAt night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse.3)關(guān)系副詞“when”、“where”既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可引導(dǎo) 非限制性定語從句。例如： I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall.He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he

7、 was only 12.I don t know the exact spot where they will meet.Mr Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months. 有時關(guān)系副詞“ when”、“where引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句和先行詞有 間隔的現(xiàn)象，是為了平衡句子的語法需要。Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?The days are go

8、ne forever when the Chinese people us“edforeign oil.” . 4) “that”可活用為關(guān)系副詞，相當(dāng)于“ when, where why”和“介 詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)，尤其在 the time when”等結(jié)構(gòu)中的“ when”常 被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略。I may leave here any time I want to.During the time I was there I visited him twice.This is my second time I have come to your country

9、.5) “which”有時可用作關(guān)系形容詞，這是“ which”在非限制性定語 從句中的特殊使用，如：The doctor advised him to give up smoking, which advice he did not follow.編輯版 word定語從句專項練習(xí)1 This is the placeJohn was born?A which B where C. when D that2 He is the only person I want to talk to.A. that B. which C. who D. whose3 Is this problem the

10、teacher explained last week?Athe one B that C which D one4 The high building stand four policemen is the police stati onAwhichBthatCin front ofit D. in front of which5 My mother will give Mary a model planeshe will like to playAwhichBthatCfor which D with which6 The film brought the hours back to me

11、I was taken good care of inthat far away village.A until B that C when D where7 There are timesI wonder why I do this jo bA as B while C which D when8 After living in London for thirty years， Mr Smith returned to the small townhe grew up as a childA which B where C that D when9 They had a long talk

12、about the persons and thingsthey both kn ewA whom B what C. that D which10 That is the very bookI am looking for.A that B which C what D as11 Who is the scientistis going to give us a talk on space this Sunday?A that B who C. which D whom12 I dont like the wayyou speak to your teach erAB in that C.

13、which D of which13 Could you tell me when to get the bookI want to read?A what B who CD it14 The dayswe spent in Tokyo together will never be forgotten.A. when B which C who D on which15 A pen friend of mineI often receive letters asked me for someChinese coins.A whoB whom C to who D from whom16 Don

14、t forget the dayyou were admitted to Beijing University.A whenB that C at which D. where17 Perhaps this is the only shopyou can get such cheap goods.A. that B of which C by which D where18 I can still remember the placemy brother and I used to sit in theevening.編輯版 wordA which B what C .that D where

15、19 is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.A. Which B. When C. What D. As20 All is needed is a supply of oil.A. the thing B. what C. that D. which21 He was seriously ill when he was a child, made him lose his sight.A. as B. that C. which D. it22 In the dark street, there wasn t a s

16、ingle person he could turn fohelp.A. that B. to whom C. whoD. from whom23 He told the same story I told.A. that B. which C. as D. it24 The best work is that Tom has done.A. it B. which C. when D. where25 The first thing we should do is to water the flowers in front of theroom.A. which B. as C. what

17、D. that26 Any girls _ knew him were teachers.A. where B. that C. they D. whom27 The house fell and hurt a woman and her dog _ were just passing by.A. which B. as C. that D. who28 That is the hotel we stayed last year.A. in that B. in which C. why D. at which29 This is the reason we made Mr Li headma

18、ster of our school.A. where B. when C. before D. why30 The student who does well in his lesson is the monitor _ is very modest and studies hard.A. who B. that C. as D. which答案與簡析：1 B. 先行詞是地點(diǎn)，關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語。2. A.先行詞被the only, the very, the la咻修飾時，關(guān)系代詞常用that。3. A.缺少先行詞，故選A, 作賓語的關(guān)系代詞省略。4. D,介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從

19、句。5. D. play with 是一個固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故選with which。6. C.先行詞為時間名詞hours,在定語從句中作狀語。7. D.先行詞為時間名詞times,在定語從句中作狀語。8. B.先行詞為地點(diǎn)名詞，在定語從句從中作狀語。9. C.先行詞包含人和物，關(guān)系代詞只能用that。10. A.先行詞被the very修飾，關(guān)系代詞只能用that。11. A. Who 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中含有定語從句關(guān)系代詞只能用that , 以免重復(fù)。12. A. way為先行詞時，關(guān)系代詞用that或in which或不填。13. C.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語，指物，可以用that或which或不填。14. B. spent是及物動詞，關(guān)系代詞 which作其賓語。15. D . receive a letter from sb攵到某人的來信，先行詞為人，故選from whom。16. A. 先行詞為時間，在定語從句中作狀語,表示何時進(jìn)入北大。17. D.先行詞為地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作狀語。18. D.先行詞為地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作狀語。19. D. As 引導(dǎo)的定語從句在句中的位置比較靈活，可置于句首，亦可置于句中，