導(dǎo)學(xué)案非謂語動(dòng)詞及獨(dú)立主格句

1、龍文教育學(xué)科導(dǎo)學(xué)案高一英語蔡惠紅非謂語動(dòng)詞及獨(dú)立主格句學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)非謂語動(dòng)詞和獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)常出現(xiàn)于單選題中，要求熟練掌握其用法考點(diǎn)分析學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)句中分詞的選用教學(xué)方法講練結(jié)合教學(xué)過程一：非謂語動(dòng)詞的分類1動(dòng)詞不定式：（to） do例: To master a foreign Ianguage is necessary.Her wish is to be a famous doctor.The teacher asked her to sp eak louder.2. V-ing 形式Seeing such a stra nge scene, she tele phoned

2、 her friends at once.Finishing such a task is easy for him.3. V-ed 形式Given more time, we will fish this model plane.Dressed in a write uniform, he looks more like a cook tha n a doctor.二：非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法非謂語動(dòng)詞可以用做句子的主語、賓語、表語、定語、賓補(bǔ)，狀語做主語:動(dòng)詞不定式做主語，表示某個(gè)具體的或特定的動(dòng)作。動(dòng)名詞做主語，表示經(jīng)常的，廣泛的動(dòng)作。It' s not easy練習(xí):1.在如此短的時(shí)間

3、里得到那么多錢不是一件容易的事。so much money in such a limited time.2. 幫助他一點(diǎn)兒好處都沒有。It' s no good做賓語:只能接不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞:want/ wait/ offer/ object/ fail/ long/ hope/ happen/ expect/ ask/ decide/ determ ine/ man age/ agree/ afford/ arra nge/ pro mise/只能接V -ng形式做賓語的動(dòng)詞:mind/ miss/ enjoy/ prevent/suggest/kee p/avoid/ admi

4、t/risk/fini sh/con sider/ deny/propose/ can' t help / insist on / give up/ depend on/practice/appreciate/resist/ forbid/ imag ine/ postpone/ sta nd/ feel like/ fail in/ succeed in/ think of/ be tired of/be en gaged in/ be in terested in/ be busy/be afraid of/ be worth/ set about兩者都可接的:1 ）意義基本相同:

5、begin/ start/ like/ love/prefer/ continue/ need/want/require（主語為物時(shí)，這些詞接 Vin主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，接不定式需用被動(dòng)式）2）意思不同：stop to do/doing,regret to do/do ing ,remember to do/do ingtry to do/d oing ,go on to do/do ing.mea n to do/mea n doing , can't help to do/doing注意：admit/advise/allow/permit + doingadmit/advise/allow

6、/permit + sb. to do翻譯下列句子:1. 我等著乘坐下一輛公交車。2. 他反對這樣做。3. 我們買不起這房子。4. 他許諾給我一個(gè)驚喜。5. 你不介意把窗戶打開吧。6. 你能想象在這種地方生活嗎?7我們開始收拾房間。8. 這兩汽車需要整修。9. 我很遺憾要告訴你你考試失敗了。10. 我很遺憾告訴了他這個(gè)壞消息。做定語:動(dòng)詞不定式做定語，有將來的含義，與所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。例: I can ' t decide which one to buy.練習(xí)：我有一封信要寫。V-i ng形式做定語表示主動(dòng)或動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例: The boy talki ng with her

7、is Tom.練習(xí)：站在那兒的那個(gè)人是我的老師。V-ed形式做定語，表示動(dòng)作被動(dòng)或動(dòng)作已完成例：I like the girl called Jane.練習(xí)：我喜歡昨天做的那個(gè)蛋糕。做賓補(bǔ):動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)表示經(jīng)?；蛞淮涡酝瓿傻膭?dòng)作：與賓語有主謂關(guān)系。多數(shù)不定式前加to.少數(shù)使役動(dòng)詞，感官動(dòng)詞要省略to.練習(xí)：我經(jīng)常叫他幫助我。我們聽到有人敲了兩次門。V+ing 形式做賓補(bǔ)賓語與分詞有主謂關(guān)系、表示動(dòng)作的正在進(jìn)行練習(xí)：我聽到有個(gè)女孩正在那個(gè)房間里哭。很抱歉讓你久等了。V-ed形式做賓補(bǔ)表示被動(dòng)或完成的動(dòng)作練習(xí)：她發(fā)現(xiàn)她的包被偷了。我看到一頭牛栓在大樹上。做狀語:動(dòng)詞不定式可做目的狀語和結(jié)果狀語

8、練習(xí):他來這兒找工作。他搬起一塊石頭，卻砸到了自己的腳上。V-i ng可做原因、伴隨、時(shí)間、結(jié)果狀語練習(xí)：他坐在那兒讀英語。眼睛瞎了，她怎么看東西?V-ed做伴隨，時(shí)間，條件狀語練習(xí)：再給一些時(shí)間我就能完成它。他進(jìn)來了，后頭跟著兩條狗。做表語：動(dòng)詞不定式做表語，為具體的，尚待實(shí)現(xiàn)的某次動(dòng)作。練習(xí):我的理想是成為一名科學(xué)家。V-ing形式做表語，相當(dāng)于形容詞，表明主語的性質(zhì)，特征，不能和主語對調(diào)。練習(xí):他的演講很感人。V-ed形式做表語表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。練習(xí):我對這個(gè)消息感到很高興。使用不定式的注意點(diǎn):1) of與for的區(qū)別:of.與of搭配的形容詞常表示主語的當(dāng)表語形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主

9、語的特征屬性時(shí)，要用性質(zhì)。特征。例: it is good/k ind/n ice/clever/wise/foolish/silly/st upi d/right/wr ong of sb. to do常與 for 搭配的形容詞：easy, difficult, hard, heavy, necessary, impossible前者課轉(zhuǎn)化成一個(gè)不定式做狀語的句子，后者則不能例: It' s very kind of you to help me.You are very kind to help me.省“ to ”的情況(1)感官動(dòng)詞(feel/hear/see/watch/no

10、 tice)和使役動(dòng)詞(let/make/have )之后(2)有介詞but/expect且前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do /does/did時(shí)，不定式不帶 to(4)幾個(gè)不定式并列，只在第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞前加to不定式做表語，主語部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，可省to(5)練習(xí):1.老師讓我們打掃教室。在一些固定詞組中省 to: had better+ / would rather/ why not do/2我看到一個(gè)賊進(jìn)了她家。3. 那個(gè)小男孩沒辦法了，只能屈服。4. 你能來看我真是太好了。5. 我們現(xiàn)在唯一能做的就是等他。6. 為什么不來和我們一起用餐呢?to后內(nèi)容的省略to后的成分可省略。(1) 在一些形容詞，動(dòng)詞

11、后的不定式內(nèi)容若重復(fù)前面上網(wǎng)內(nèi)容,(2) 若承前省略的不定式內(nèi)容是做助動(dòng)詞用的 have或be的任何形式，to后面保留have/be練習(xí)：1.Are you going to see him off tomorrow? - I-Yes, he2.Does he intend to study Fren ch?3.His aunt won t attend the weeding though she 4.1' d like to go skating on such a snowy day, but mum asked me 5.Harry has succeeded in the f

12、inal exam, and in fact, he ought有些似不定式形式，實(shí)際上 to是介詞例： be used to/ devote to/ get dow n to/ look forward to/ object to/ pay atte ntio n to/stick to+ v-ing練習(xí)：1.我習(xí)慣了在晚上睡覺前喝一杯牛奶。2. 他致力于教書。3. 他這學(xué)期開始認(rèn)真學(xué)英語了。4. 我期待著再次與你見面。5. 我反對這樣匆忙的離開。分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu):分詞短語表示的動(dòng)作的邏輯主語一般和句子的主語一致：但是有的分詞短語有它的獨(dú)立主語（在分詞短語前），這種主語常是名詞或代詞（主格），

13、這種結(jié)構(gòu)就叫做獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。（在句中只能做狀語）。例：若天氣許可，我們明天就去野餐。Weather p ermitt ing, we are going to have a picnic tomorrow.問題解決后我們離開了教室。The p roblem hav ing bee n settled, we left the classroom.由于是星期天，你就不必去上學(xué)了。It being Sun day, you n eed n' t go to school.因?yàn)闆]有公交車，我們只好走路了。There being no bus, we had to walk.用法：做時(shí)間狀語:工作

14、做完后，我們回了家。做條件狀語:時(shí)間允許的話，我就能完成這個(gè)船模型。做原因狀語:明天要做一個(gè)重要的演講，因此這個(gè)教授今晚要熬夜準(zhǔn)備。做伴隨狀語:4.他躺在草地上，手抱著頭。獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)的一般形式:1）n+現(xiàn)在分詞：（主動(dòng)關(guān)系）'t know what to say.例：The girl staring at him, he didn2） n + 過去分詞（被動(dòng)關(guān)系）例: Her glasses broken, she couldn ' t see the words on the blackboard clearly.3） n+不定式（主動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)一次性動(dòng)作）例: They dais

15、 good bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go the bank.4) n+adj.例: An air accide nt happened to the plane, no body alive.5) n+adv例: The meeting over, they all went home.6）n+ 介詞短語例:The teacher came in ,book in his hand.(此處，book前不加任何冠詞）例:with +n+ 分詞、adj/adv/ prepWhy did you slee p with the

16、door open?The park looks more beautiful with all lights on.With the cup broke n, the child was crying.She would p ass the exam, with Jack to help him.注：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)隔開、或是其前面加上介詞“with ”練習(xí)：考試結(jié)束了，我們開始度假?？偨y(tǒng)被殺，舉國上下沉浸在悲痛之中。,all the country was in dee p sorrow.他回到家里，耳朵凍紅了。鞏固練習(xí):他夾著一本書走出了圖書館。1.A Having suffere

17、dB Sufferi ngC To sufferD Suffered2.The research is so desig ned that oncenothing can be done to cha nge it.3.A begi nsB havi ng beg unC begi nningD begunMr. smith,of thesp eech, started to read a no vel.A tired/ bori ngB tiri ng/ boredC tired/boredD tiri ng/bori ngsuch heavy p olluti on already, it

18、 may now be too late to clea n up the river.4.A The p reside nt will atte ndB The p reside nt to atte nd5.C The p reside nt atte ndedno bus, we had to walk home.D The p reside nt' s atte ndingA. There wasB. There beingC. Because there beingD.There werethe meet ing himself gave them a great deal

19、of en courageme nt.6.A. Goodbye was saidB. Goodbye had bee n saidC. Goodbye saidD. When goodbyesaid7.,we all went swimmi ng in high sp irits.A. It being fine weatherB. It fine weatherC. It was fine weatherD. It being afine weathe8. , the bus started at once.A. The sig nal was give nB. The sig nal gi

20、v ingC. The sig nal give nD. When thesig nal give n,we all went home happ ily.9. She stood there,from her cheeks.A. tears' rollingdownB. tearsrolled downC. with tears rolled downD. tearsroll ing dow n10. , the leaves are tur ning gree n.A. Whe n spring coming onB. Spring coming onC. Spring came

21、onD. Spring being come on11.,I had to buy a new one.A. My dictio nary los ingB. My dictio nary hav ing bee n lostC. My dictio nary had bee n lostD. Because my dicti onary lost12. I used to slee p with the win dowA.openedB.openC. openingD to open13., the hun ter went into the forest.A. A gun on shoulderB. A gun was on his shoulderC. Gun on shoulderD