(完整版)非謂語動(dòng)詞在寫作上的運(yùn)用

1、一般式： 進(jìn)行式;to doto be doing工弋：to Huvc done被動(dòng)式工to he <lon時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)非渭諳動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分同Lhaiv< ah tlo 誓女 動(dòng)式：doin為由動(dòng)上b«ing Hone去分"同：done及物與不及物語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)類別V/,vL主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞ng形式-般時(shí)：（4謂語動(dòng)作同 時(shí)發(fā)生）makingbeing iihuIegoing完成時(shí);（先于謂語動(dòng)作 發(fā)生）having made （不作定語）having been rnadtk（不作定語）having gone （不作定IS）動(dòng)詞-ed形式只有一般時(shí):不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間

2、先后，只講原因條件Xma加（表被動(dòng)）即ne（表完成）動(dòng)詞不 定式一般時(shí):與謂語動(dòng)作（幾 乎）同時(shí)發(fā)生tu maketo be madeto £«完成時(shí):先于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā) 生to huve inndeto have bc«n tnadeto have gone進(jìn)行時(shí):在圖語動(dòng)作發(fā)生 時(shí)正在進(jìn)行to be makingXhi hr going旬法功能工 除謂語夕卜“r作作何成分白間的不定： how to da情念動(dòng)詞后省'略to的情況、had better等之r后1一主動(dòng)式* doing電fc啟力: hfiinp Hone一構(gòu)成：名詞（代詞）+分詞（短語）形容詞

3、/劇詞等一位置：句首或句尾.造JH逗號(hào)與主句分開with+賓語士賓補(bǔ)（替代獨(dú)立.主格結(jié)構(gòu)）動(dòng)名詞admit, appreciate, give up, imagine, put off, resist, can' t stand（法忍受）等后可以用動(dòng)名 詞作賓語，但不能用不定式。forget, mean, regret, remember,等可帶動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別。在短語 devote to, object to, thank for, be busy, look forward to , there is no use/good/need 等動(dòng)詞詞組后也必須用動(dòng)名詞

4、形式。在love, hate, prefer, like等動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)名詞或不定式無多大區(qū)別。用動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)， 指一般情況，而跟不定式作賓語時(shí)指某一次具體行為。.allow, advise, forbid , permit等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞 作賓語，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。We don' t allow smoking here. We don' t allow students to smoke.動(dòng)詞need, require, want作需要”解，其后必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形 式作賓語，表示事情需要做。動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表

5、示被動(dòng)意義。be worth后必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式來表示被動(dòng)意義。The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)分一般式和完成式兩種。We are interested in playing chess.I ' m sorry for not having kept my promise.He likes being helped.I don ' t remember having ever been given a chance to do it.分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)(1)分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，其否定形式為

6、not十分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式。Being a student he was interested in books.Having studied in it for three years, he knows the university very well.(2)現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式,且有主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。The question being discussed is important.Having been criticized by the teacher Li Ming gave up smoking.(3)過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作或是在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生,或是沒

7、有一定的時(shí)間性。This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer.如果指的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生或是與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，可用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形 式作定語。We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.(4)作狀語分詞或分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。The teacher stood there surrounded by the students.表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語有時(shí)可由連接詞while或when引出。While unfinished ,

8、 the painting looked ugly.分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果分詞與句子的主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用doing表示與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，用 having done表示在謂語 動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如果分詞與句子的主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用 done強(qiáng)調(diào)在 謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用 having been done。(5) .當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時(shí)，分詞前必須加上自己的主語，此結(jié)構(gòu)被稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Time permitting, I ' ll finish another lesson.二、轉(zhuǎn)

9、換復(fù)合句為非謂語動(dòng)詞1 .這里曾有一家化肥廠，位于城市的南邊。它每天釋放出大量有毒氣體，污染環(huán)境。There was a large factory, which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, which polluted the environment.fThere used to be a large factory. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas,the environment.(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)2 .當(dāng)我們趕到校門口時(shí)，已經(jīng)

10、 8點(diǎn)了。我們見到老師時(shí)，不得不為遲到而向她道歉。When we got to the school gate it was eight. When we saw our teacher, we had to say sorry for we were so late.fWhen we got to the school gate it was eight. , we had to say sorry for our being late.(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)3我們認(rèn)為中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)一門外語是必要的。同時(shí)我們也認(rèn)為，中學(xué)生掌握一門外語是可能的。We think it is necessary tha

11、t middle school students should learn a foreign language and we also think that it is possible that they can master one.->We think that middle school students should learn a foreign language and （we think it） possible for them as well.（it的用法和不定式作真正賓語）4由于老師的幫助，我英語進(jìn)步了。因?yàn)槲矣⒄Z進(jìn)步了，我相信我能考上更好的大學(xué)。Because

12、my teacher helps me, my English has greatly improved. Because my English has greatly improved, I'm sure I will go to a better university.,my English has greatly improved, 侯聯(lián)詞）makes me sure I will go to a better university.（with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語）5為了趕上同班同學(xué)，李東不遺余力地學(xué)習(xí)。為了好好學(xué)習(xí)，他從不玩電腦游戲。Li Dong spares no effort

13、 to study so that he can catch up with his classmates.He never plays computer games so that he can learn better.f Li Dong spares no effort to study his classmates and better he never plays computer games .不定式作狀語 （）三 . 運(yùn)用非謂語動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換簡(jiǎn)單句1 We were touched by the teacher's words. We decided to work hard.

14、2 I didn't receive her letter. I had to write again.3 The boy came to school late again. This made the teacher very angry.4 The boys were making the most of time. They wanted to finish the work earlier.5 I saw an old granny. She lay on the ground. I went over to help her.6 It is high time we too

15、k part in some activities. We want to make ourselves more healthy.7 A girl climbed so hard that she lost her temper She complained about the long walk.8 The monitor has set a good example for us . Therefore, the monitor deserves the honor and we should learn from her .四、改錯(cuò)1. Looking from the top of

16、mountain, the city is beautiful .2. In my opinion, climb mountain is an enjoyable thing.3. Which team is good at cooking? A team called itself the supper cook.五、運(yùn)用非謂語動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換短文（根據(jù)一般表達(dá)寫出該短文的高級(jí)表達(dá)）廣州市有大量的出租車司機(jī)，他們每天全心全意地為乘客服務(wù)，對(duì)廣州市的交通發(fā)揮著重要作用。他們起早貪黑，賺錢養(yǎng)家糊口。有一次，我下車時(shí)不小心把手機(jī)忘在了車上，但當(dāng)我和司機(jī)同志聯(lián)系上之后，他立即開車把手機(jī)送到了我的家門口，讓我

17、感動(dòng)不已。一般表達(dá)：1. There are a large number of taxi drivers in Guangzhou. They serve passengers heart and soul. They play an important part in the traffic of Guangzhou. 2. They make some money. They work from dawn till night. 3. One day, I got out of the taxi in a hurry so I left my cellphone in the taxi

18、I took. 4. After I got in touch with the driver , he drove to my home and gave it back to me. 5.When i saw my phone again, I was very excited.高級(jí)表達(dá):六.請(qǐng)盡量用非謂語動(dòng)詞來描述以下兩篇短文。（僅限5句話）1 .高考快到了，我們班舉行了一次會(huì)議討論去哪里春游來緩解考試的壓力。我們選擇了去 燒烤。第二天，我們大清早出發(fā)。我們爬山，有說有笑。當(dāng)我們到達(dá)的時(shí)候，我們開始燒烤 吃完大餐，我們欣賞了溫暖的日落的美麗風(fēng)景。返回時(shí)，我們雖然很累但很開心。2 .高考臨

19、近。保持良好的心態(tài)很重要。它有助于減輕焦慮（relax）和勇敢地克服困難建議有足夠的睡眠是必要的，原因L它能有效的改善我們的課堂學(xué)習(xí)。2保持健康的身體是進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)及工作 的基礎(chǔ)。二、轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)合句為非謂語動(dòng)詞IThere used to be a large factory producing fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, polluting the environment.（現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語）2. When we got to the school gate it was eight. Seeing our te

20、acher, we had to say sorry for our being late.（現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語）3. We think it necessary that middle school students should learn a foreign language and （we think it） possible for them to master one as well.不定式作真正賓語）4. With my teacher helping me, my English has greatly improved, which makes me sure I will go

21、 to a better university.（with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語）5. Li Dong spares no effort to study so as to catch up with his classmates and to learn better he never plays computer games 不定式作狀語） 三、轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)合句為非謂語動(dòng)詞1. Touched by the teacher's words, we decided to work hard.2. Not having received her letter., I had to write ag

22、ain.3. The boy ' s beinate again made the teacher very angry.4. To finish the work earlier, the boys were making the most of time.5. Seeing an old granny lying on the ground, I went over to help her.6. It is high time we took part in some activities to make ourselves more healthy.7. She got so a

23、ngry that she lost her temper, complaining about the long walk.8. Having set a good example for us, the monitor deserves the honor and we should learn from her .四、改錯(cuò)1. Looked from the top of mountain, the city is beautiful .2. In my opinion, climbing mountain is an enjoyable thing.3. A team called t

24、he supper cook.A team calling itself the supper cook.五、運(yùn)用非謂語動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換短文（高級(jí)表達(dá)）There are a large number of taxi drivers in Beijing, serving passengers heart and soul and playing an important part in the traffic of Beijing. In order to make some money to support their families, they work from dawn till night. One day, I got out of the taxi in a hurry with my cellphone left in the taxi I took. On hearing what had happened, the taxi driver drove to my home as fast as possible and gave the cellphone back to me. Seei