英語專業(yè)四級語法重點(diǎn)匯總

1、English英語專八專四學(xué)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)資料英語專四語法重點(diǎn)匯總版權(quán)所有，違者必究，未經(jīng)協(xié)議授權(quán)，禁止下載使用。注：如惡意泄漏該資料，或通過該資料作為任何盈利的手段，作者有權(quán)追究其法律責(zé)任。 本資料為過來人的考試經(jīng)驗所整理，也需結(jié)合其他復(fù)習(xí)書籍一起備考哦 這份資料集結(jié)歷年專四的考試重點(diǎn)，按考試經(jīng)驗已經(jīng)過篩選一、非謂語動詞的主要考點(diǎn)1 .有些典型動詞后面可以接上不定式或動名詞來做賓語的，但是在意思上是有區(qū)別的，主要?？嫉降膭釉~羅列如下：mean to do想要（做某事） VS mean doing意味（做某事） propose to do打算（做某事） VS propose doing建議（做某事）

2、forget to do忘記（要做的事） VS forget doing忘記（已做的事） remember to do 記得（要做某事） VS remember doing 記得（做過） go on to do繼而（做另一件事）VS go on doing繼續(xù)（做原來的事） stop to do停下來去做另一件事 VS stop doing停止正在做的事 regret to do （對將要做的事）遺感VS regret doing （對已做過的事）后悔2 .不定式的習(xí)慣用法典型句型整理如下：如："cannot help but do”“不得不做某事”如："cannot bu

3、t do”“不禁做某事”如：" cannot choose but do”“不由自主地做某事”如："can do nothing but do”“不能不做某事”如： “ have no choice but to do” “只能做某事”如： “ have no alternative but to do”“只能做某事”例句： The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor.When I start my job career,

4、I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus.3 . 動名詞 的習(xí)慣用法典型動名詞的習(xí)慣句型整理羅列如下：如：be busy/active doing sth.如：It s no good/use doing sth.如：spend/waste time doing sth.如：have difficulty/trouble/problemdoing sth.如：have a good/great/wonderful time doingsth.如： There is no point/sense

5、/harm/ use doing sth.例句：There is no use crying over spilt milk. （典型例句）牛奶灑了，哭也沒用；后悔是沒有用的；覆水難受I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.形容詞與副詞及其比較級1. 形容詞 的句法功能形容詞通常在句子中用做定語、 表語與主語的語法成分， 通?？嫉降闹R點(diǎn)總結(jié)如下：(1) 以“ a ” 開頭的形容詞如 “alone"、“alike"、“

6、asleep"、“awake” 等一般不能做前置定語， 通常是做表語或后置定語的例句： Jerry didn t pass the important final exam, please let him alone for the time being.Michael came back from job just now, and his eyes were shut and he seemed to havefallen asleep.(2) 某些 以副詞詞綴“ -ly ” 結(jié)尾的詞其實是形容詞 ，不能看錯是副詞，例如“ friendly ” 、 “l(fā)eisurely”、 “

7、lovely ”等(3) 下列動詞既是實義動詞又是系動詞，注意用做系動詞時， 要求形容詞做表語這些典型單詞羅列如下： “一”“I”“I”“”"力“remain” 、 “keep”、 “become”、 “get” 、 “grow”、 “go” 、 “come”、 “ J_J_ 力J.P, “_ »“”"力“turn”、 “stay”、 “stand” 、 “run”、 “prove”、 “seem”、 “appear”、“ look ”等例句： The situation remains tense between the two countries at thi

8、s juncture. 在這個節(jié)骨眼上，兩國形勢仍然持續(xù)緊張。There is strong possibility that such a style of mutual cooperation will prove unworkable . 這種合作模式大有可能行不通。2. 某些詞雖然不用比較級形式卻 自身帶有比較概念這些典型詞匯總結(jié)如下：“inferior ”、 “minor”、 “senior” 、 “ prior”、 “prefer to”、 “superior”、 “major”、“junior ”、“ preferable”、“differ from ”、“compared wi

9、th”、“in comparison with “、 "different from “、 "rather than” 等例句： After visiting at weekends, I think their villa is superior to allthe other villas in the countryside.3. 有關(guān)比較級的特殊句型(1) not so much as 與其說還不如說例句： The major reason for his suicide isn t so much his negative emotions as his inca

10、pacity to take care of himself.(2) no/not any more than 兩者一樣都不例句： It is well acknowledged by the public that the heart is no any more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain altogether.no /not any less than 兩者一樣都例句： I was good at almost all subjects when I was in the

11、junior high school, and particularly speaking, mathematics was no any less good than physics at that time.(4) just as so 正如，也(會使用到倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))例如：Just as chocolate is a part of my favorite food, so is the icecream.三、虛擬語氣簡明概述：虛擬語氣是指說話人講話的內(nèi)容與現(xiàn)實或事實相反, 是一種主觀假想的情況。時態(tài)：可表示過去、現(xiàn)在和將來，特征是時態(tài)相應(yīng)退后。1.與現(xiàn)在事實相反的主觀假設(shè)：條件從句主句一般

12、現(xiàn)在時 改為 一般過去時注：be動詞一律改為 wereshould/would/could/might + 動詞原形例句：If there were an English dictionary, we could consult it for this difficult word.If my bigger brother were here, he would do us a favor to move theheavy box.2.與過去事實相反的主觀假設(shè):條件從句主句一般過去時 改為 過去完成時should/would/could/might+have +過去分詞例句：If he had

13、 studied more diligently, he would have passed the exam undoubtedly.If my favorite teacher had been here yesterday, I would have paid more attention to the lesson.If the child had been more careful, he would not have made such a foolish mistake.3.與將來事實相反的主觀假設(shè)：條件從句主句一般過去時注：be動詞一律改為 wereshould/would/c

14、ould/might + 動詞原形were + to do sthshould +動詞原形例句：If you made great progress in the near future, you should not forget your teachers.If you were to make great progress in the near future, you should not forget your teachers.If you should make great progress in the near future, you should be grateful t

15、o your teachers.混合條件句：主句和條件從句所發(fā)生的時間點(diǎn) 不一致，這個時候就需要根據(jù)各 自的時態(tài)進(jìn)行倒退來做相應(yīng)修改。例句：If you had finished your homework by yourself yesterday （過去）, you would not copy other s answers in a hurry （現(xiàn)在）If you had asked your mother how to cook last week （過去）,you would know clearly each cooking step of the dish （現(xiàn)在）虛擬語氣的

16、倒裝如果從句中有 were, should , had,則需要倒裝。倒裝方法：將if省略，再把were, should , had挪到從句的句首。注：如果從句中沒有 were, should , had,則不能省略if,也不可倒裝。例句：原句：If my bigger brother were here, he would help us to move the heavy box.倒裝： Were my bigger brother here, he would help us to move the heavy box.原句：If the child had been more caref

17、ul, he would not have made such a foolish mistake.倒裝： Had the child been more careful, he would not have made such a foolish mistake.原句：If you should make great progress in the near future, you should be grateful to your teachers.倒裝：Should you make great progress in the near future, you should be gr

18、ateful to your teachers.虛擬語氣詞：should很簡單，三種形式（1） It is suggested/requested/ordered, etc.（具有命令，建議， 要求等口吻的動詞過去分詞）+ that sb should （should可省略）do （動詞原形）sth.注：這類動詞還可以有其他三種從句形式來代替。例如：原句：It is suggested that students （should） use dictionary in exam.賓語從句：I suggest that students （should） use dictionary in exa

19、m.表語從句：My suggestion is that students （should） use dictionary in exam.同位語從句：I provided a suggestion that students （should） use dictionary in exam.（2） It is necessary/important/indispensable, etc. （帶有主觀色彩的形容詞） + that sb （should） do sth.（3） It is a pity/a shame, etc. （名詞性詞組） + that sb （should）do sth.虛

20、擬語氣特殊句型：It is high （high可省略）time that 該是的時候了“that”從句動詞可以用（ 1 ）過去時（2）should （不能省略 ） + 動詞原形例句：It is (high) time that we should draw up a contract.It is (high) time that we drew up a contract. (草擬合同)含蓄虛擬語氣除了常規(guī)的連詞 if 以外，還可以借助其他介詞、介詞詞組、句子來引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣從句。1. Without”要是沒有”例句： Without the rescue of firefighters ti

21、mely, our lives would not have been saved.2. But for"要不是”例句： But for your professional help, I could not have achieved such a big progress in medical community.3. Under"在某種情況下”例句： Under such circumstances , the criminal would not have perpetrated acts of violence upon children.4. With”有的前提

22、下”例句： With the data collected one month earlier, we could finish the project more efficiently.5. In the absence of "如果沒有”例句：In the absence of law, women would continue to lack their rights to vote on their own.6. Otherwise “否則”例句： We didn ' know his educational background and achievement in

23、 this field, otherwise we would have fired him.7. If it were not for"要不是 （用于現(xiàn)在的情況）”例句:If it were not for the brilliant guidance of the Communist Party of China, we could not lead a happy life.8. If it had not been for "要不是 （用于過去/已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況）”例句：If it had not been for my illness, I would have a

24、ttended this important meeting last Monday.倒裝： Had it not been for my illness, I would have attended this important meeting last Monday.9. as if/as though"好像似的”按照具體的語境，既可以用虛擬語氣（表示與實際情況相反、主 觀臆斷）、也可以用陳述語氣（表示實現(xiàn)的可能性較大或所說情況即是事實）例句：Time can take away our happiness and sadness as if/though it was endo

25、wed with magic power.（與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣）My teacher has contributed herself a lot as if/though she was a candle, which lights others and consumes itself.（與現(xiàn)在事實相反的 虛擬語氣）The student studied industriously as if/though he had never felt tired and exhausted.（與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣）The boy still stays calm as if/though h

26、e has known the beginning and the end of the matteralready .（就是事實，按實際的時態(tài)即可）四、定語從句簡明概述：定語從句在句中充當(dāng)定語的角色，修飾句中前面所提 到的名/代詞。被修飾的名/代詞稱為先行詞。關(guān)系代詞 (who, whom, whose, which, that ):注：沒有what關(guān)系代詞所代替的主要是人或物的名/代詞，在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。who, whom, that 都可代替人例句：Is the boy who/that cheated in the examination? （who/that 作為從句

27、主語，代替 the boy）He is the man whom/that we won t recruit due to his criminal records. （who/that 作為從句賓語，代替the man）whose 可指代人或物注：如果 whose 指物的話，也可以用 of which 來代替。例句：Our conversation was stopped bya man whose hair is blonde.I lent him this book whose pages curled up due to my constant use.=I lent him this

28、 book the pages of which curled up due to my constant use.which, that 代替事物例句：We ll never forget the atrocious violence which/that was committed by Japanese soldiers.Is that fashion show （which/that ） you were talking about just now?（作賓語時可?。╆P(guān)系副詞(when, where, why ):關(guān)系副詞分別代替的先行詞為時間、地點(diǎn)和原因，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語的角色。注：

29、when, where, why 也可用“介詞 + which”來代替。例句：This was the moment when/at which the two sides reached a deadlock again and terminated their negotiation.Xi 'an is one of the most famous cultural cities where/in which millions of worldwide tourists will choose to make a tour.Is this the reason why/for wh

30、ich there is a severe shortage of funds for our research?注：that是可以代替關(guān)系副詞的，即that可取代“when, where,why”和“介詞+which ”的形式。(在口語中that可省略)注：介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略，而且 that前不能有介詞 例句轉(zhuǎn)換：This was the moment that the two sides reached a deadlock again and terminated their negotiation.Xi 'an is one of the most famous cult

31、ural cities that millions of worldwide tourists will choose to make a tour.Is this the reason that there is a severe shortage of funds for ourresearch?限制性/非限制性定語從句重點(diǎn)概括整理：限制性定語從句 先行詞是不能省略的,因為省了 先行詞的話，句子的意思就會變得不完整和不明確， 缺少必要的 說明解釋。而非限制性定語從句 是先行詞的額外說明,是可以省 略的，省了也不會影響句子的意思和整體性， 弁且與主句之間常 用“隔開。比較例句：This is

32、 the book （which/that） I bought yesterday.（限制性） This book , I bought yesterday, is very inspiring. （非限制性）通常是非限制性定語從句的情況分析：Steven Spielberg, （whom） I admire very much in Hollywood movie-making field, won another Oscar Award this year.（專有名詞 /人名）My beloved dog, （which） I bought 5 years ago, has caught

33、a bad cold recently.（有物主代詞的時候）This experiment, which was conducted last weekends, proves to be a big success. （有指示代詞的時候）Her child was always absent-minded in learning and failed in exams, which made her disappointed once again. （由 which 代替整句主 句）關(guān)系代詞 that 的特殊用法總結(jié)（只能用 that 的情況） ：先行詞既包含人又包含物，只用 that ，不

34、用 which例句： The volunteers were talking about the nonprofit organization and its staff that made an indelible impression on them.當(dāng)不定代詞作為先行詞（如 anyone ， anything ， nothing ， any ， everything ， something ， little ， few ， much ， all 等） ，只用 that ， 不用 which例句： He shared everything with us that aroused his

35、interest in chemistry at school.先行詞用 the only/very 修飾時，只用 that ，不用 which例句： The girl is the only student that will blush with shyness when talking with boys.先行詞是序數(shù)詞、 數(shù)詞、 形容詞最高級時， 只用 that ， 不用 which 例句：The first English award that I won was an English debate competition held by Foreign Languages Inst

36、itute at my university.This was the busiest period that we spent last year in project-consulting and research industry.在There be句型中，只用that,不用which例句： There was a ship that passed through a strait.五、名詞性從句簡明概述：名詞性從句在句中相當(dāng)于名詞詞組/成分。由于它在 復(fù)合句中能作主語、賓語、表語、同位語等，因此名詞性從句（總 稱）又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句 等。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句

37、的連接詞重點(diǎn)概括如下：1.連接詞：that, whether, if （只起連接主句和從句的作用，在 從句中不作任何成分）注：that-從句作主語時,常用it作先1. It is necessary (a.) that 行詞放在句首作為形式主語， 而將that-從句放在句末，避免 頭重腳輕。2. It is known -ed 分詞 that 3. It is a pity (n.) that 4. It seems (vi.) that 2 .連接代詞：what (whatever), who (whoever), whom, whose, which (whichever)3 .連接副詞：

38、 when, where, why, how注：連接代詞和連接副詞作主語時，也常用it作先行詞放在句首 作為形式主語。例句：It is doubtful why his parents are determined so persistently to send the young boy abroad for further study.It has not been decided yet who will take the responsibility to negotiate with the government.注(1):引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞不可省略例句： That the can

39、didate was selected as the Party Chairman made us excited.注(2):引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞不可省略例句： We worried about the forecast that there would be only a few affordable apartments prepared for blue-collar workers in tier-one cities (一線城市)in the following three years.注（3）:表示“是否”的時候，只用whether不用if的情況1 .后有 “ or not ”例

40、句：It is unknown to all whether the new policy can improve the standard of people s lives or not.2 .引導(dǎo)表語從句例句： The keynote is whether children s safety can be guaranteed.3 .引導(dǎo)主語從句弁在句首例句： Whether the experiment could be conducted (or not) remained unknown to the students.4 .作介詞賓語例句： The child is fearfu

41、l of whether another war will break out at any moment.六、倒裝簡明概述：倒裝句由全部倒裝和部分倒裝組成。全部倒裝是把句 中的謂語部分全部挪到主語前面，時態(tài)通常是一般現(xiàn)在時和一般 過去時；部分倒裝則是將謂語的一部分、如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞倒 裝于主語之前。如果謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需要我們幫 助補(bǔ)充助動詞,如do, does, did,并將它們放在主語的前面。全部倒裝 （時態(tài)通常是一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時） ：A. 句中如有副詞here, there, now, then, away, hence, thus, etc. 位于句首 ，謂語動詞

42、為 come, go, be, stand, fall, lie, etc.典型例句：Away ran the child.There lives a tiger.Here is your money.B. 表示方位 /運(yùn)動方向的副詞(如 in, out, away, off, up, down, etc.) 位于句首 ，謂語表示運(yùn)動的動詞(如 come, go, jump, run, swim, stand, rush, etc. ) 。例句： Away swam a whale.C. 地點(diǎn)狀語 位于句首例句： Under the tree rested an old lady.D. The

43、re be句型例句：There is (注意主謂一致) a radio, two television sets and ten chairs in this room.There are many TV programs in prime time (黃金時間段) .注：全部倒裝只有在主語是名詞的前提下才能全部倒裝，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能全部倒裝。對比例句：Away ran the child. Away he ran.There lives a tiger. kThere it lives.部分倒裝：A.句首有否定或半否定的詞語（注：如果否定詞不在句首，則不需要倒裝）,Eg： No, N

44、ot, None, Nobody, Nowhere, Never, Little, Few, Seldom, Hardly, At no time, In no way, Not until ，Not only but also ， Hardly when ，Scarcely when ， No sooner - than ，etc.例句：Nowhere can you find a place better than your home.In no way could you destroy the incontrovertible evidence.At no time can a cou

45、ntry use force towards a vulnerable group. Never have I scolded my child even if he has made any mistakes.重點(diǎn)：Not until 總結(jié)：主句倒裝，從句不倒裝；否定詞不在句首不需倒裝 例句對比：Not until that time （名詞短語） did I know why she chose to leave me without any hesitation.= I did nt know why she chose to leave me without any hesitatio

46、n until that time .Not until the child made a full recovery from the heart operation（從句） did his father go abroad on business.= The father did nt go abroad on business until the child made a full recovery from the heart operation .重點(diǎn)：Not only but also 1. Not only A but also B ，若 A 和 B 是名詞性短語 ，則不需要倒

47、裝例句：Not only students but also teachers should keep studying continuously and absorb new knowledge to broaden their minds.2. Not only A but also B ， 若 A 和 B 都是 分句 的話， 則 A 倒裝， B 不倒裝。對比例句：Not only should we reconstruct economy, but also create more positions for the unemployed.We should not only recon

48、struct economy, but also create more positions for the unemployed.重點(diǎn)： Hardly when ；Scarcely when ；No sooner than 對比例句（ 注意時態(tài)：前過完后過去時） ：Hardly had I left home when my dog barked.I had hardly left home when my dog barked.Scarcely had we gone out of the classroom when it began to rain.We had scarcely go

49、ne out of the classroomwhen it began to rain.No sooner had the Chairman declared the result of the contest than the contestant shivered with excitement.The Chairman had no sooner declared the result of the contest than the contestant shivered with excitement.B. Only 位于句首 要部分倒裝1. Only by this means/i

50、n this way （短語）can you notice theimportance of efficient study methods.2. Only after making the same mistake twice （從句） will he learn a lesson.（ 主句部分倒裝，從句不倒裝 ）C. Sothat句型中若so位于句首，則需要部分倒裝例句：So angry was the boy that he decided to break off friendly relations with his friends （斷絕友誼）D. May 在表示祝愿的句子中位于句

51、首 ，要部分倒裝例句：May God bless you!May this transportation handbook help you to travel in Singapore.E. 虛擬語氣的倒裝如果從句中有were， should ， had ， 就需要部分倒裝。 將 if 省略，再把were, should, had挪到從句的句首。（虛擬語氣中已經(jīng)講明）七、主謂一致簡明概述：主謂一致即主語與謂語在語法單復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。 本章節(jié)重點(diǎn)羅列了英語專四考試中經(jīng)常會考到且常出現(xiàn)的幾種情況以供大家參考、復(fù)習(xí)。以“s”結(jié)尾的書名、雜志名、國家名、組織名，雖然字面上是“復(fù)數(shù)”形式， 但其實

52、只能作為一個獨(dú)立的個/整體。所以作主語時，謂語動詞要為 單數(shù) 。典型例句：The United States has 50 states.The Forbes （福布斯雜志） was founded in 1917.The United Nations has taken steps to ameliorate this situation.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語例句對比：Studying and working are both indispensable and should be balanced evenly. （ 當(dāng) A 和 B 分別指兩個不同概念的時候，謂語要用復(fù)數(shù) ）The diplom

53、at and university professor has taught me a lot. （ 當(dāng) A 和 B 由 and 連接， A 前有“ the”， B 前卻無定冠詞時，兩者表示 指代的為同一人或事物，謂語需用單數(shù)）就近原則： There be“There be”中“ be”的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近它的名詞。比較例句：There are two tables, one chair left in that classroom.There is one chair and two tables left in that classroom.There is one or two thin

54、gs I d like to share with you now.就近原則：eitheror；neither nor；A or B;連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由最靠近它的主語決定對比例句：Either you or that boy is to be punished.Neither that boy nor you are to be punished.就近原貝U: not onlybut also對比例句：Not only you but also that girl wants the toy.Not only you but also I am keen on jazz mus

55、ic.就近原則：Here對比例句：Here is one pen and two drawings on the desk.Here are two drawings and one pen on the desk.就近原則：not - but”不是而是”例句： Not the subject teacher but the colorful textbooks whet my appetite for more study.謂語單數(shù)： none of + 可數(shù)名詞 /不可數(shù)名詞 + V 單neither of + 可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+ V 單either of + 可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+

56、V 單注：在口語中有時上述三種情況也可以用 V 復(fù)（但只是在后跟可數(shù)名詞的時候） ，但是考點(diǎn)大部分是以考查V 單為重點(diǎn)總結(jié)： none of + 可數(shù)名詞 + V 單/復(fù)neither of + 可數(shù)名詞 + V 單/復(fù)either of + 可數(shù)名詞 + V 單/復(fù)例句： None of rice is to be wasted.Neither of the two hotels boasts/boast a swimming pool.Either of you takes/take the responsibility to clean the oven.就遠(yuǎn)原則： with, alon

57、g with, together with, like, except, but, morethan, no less than, as well as, in addition to, as much as, rather than, etc.例句：Her body except her feethas been recovered from the accident.The two boys rather than that girl were giving an instrumental performance just now.A good attitude together with superior English-speaking skills leads to the success of th