藥學(xué)畢業(yè)論文開題報(bào)告

1、藥學(xué)畢業(yè)論文開題報(bào)告1、選題意義和背景：萬古霉素 (Vancomycin, VCM) 是糖肽類抗生素， 1958 年 被美國 FDA 批準(zhǔn)上市。萬古霉素通過干擾細(xì)菌細(xì)胞壁合成 而發(fā)揮殺菌作用。本品主要對(duì)革蘭陽性 (G+) 菌具有強(qiáng)大的殺 菌活性，特別是耐甲氧西林金黃色葡萄球菌 (Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, MRSA) 以及 耐 甲 氧 西 林 凝 固 酶 陰性 葡 萄 球 菌 (Methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococcus, MRCNS).根據(jù)XX年中國CHINET細(xì)

2、菌耐藥性監(jiān)測(cè)，MRSA和MRCNS檢出率分別平均為 %和 %. 由于醫(yī)院內(nèi)上述耐藥菌感染日趨 嚴(yán)重，萬古霉素越來越多地被應(yīng)用于臨床。然而，萬古霉素 具有腎、耳毒性，嚴(yán)重者可導(dǎo)致腎衰竭或聽力喪失，這些不 良反應(yīng)在老年人中更易出現(xiàn)。 因此，安全有效的應(yīng)用該藥物， 最大程度減少藥物對(duì)患者的損害，并發(fā)揮藥物的最佳療效， 引起臨床高度關(guān)注。2、論文綜述 / 研究基礎(chǔ)： 近年來，國內(nèi)外關(guān)于萬古霉素群體藥動(dòng)學(xué) (Population pharmacokinetics, PPK) 研究涉及新生兒、成年人、肥胖患 者、腎功能不全患者等人群。 Sanchez 等在 141 例應(yīng)用萬古 霉素的患者中發(fā)現(xiàn)，老年人(&

3、gt; 65歲，n=40)清除率 (Clearancerate, CL) 和表觀分布容積 (Apparent volume ofdistribution, V)分別為(土)L h-1 和(土)L,而年輕人( 福建醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院藥學(xué)部課題組前期已建立 成年患者萬古霉素 PPK 模型，可以為臨床制定萬古霉素給藥 方案提供參考依據(jù)。為了進(jìn)一步完善這一體系，本研究擬建 立老年患者萬古霉素 PPK 模型，輔助臨床實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)體化給藥。3、參考文獻(xiàn)：World Health Organization. Men, ageing and health:Achieving health across the l

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